[Technological development of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy].

The surgical outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy have shown remarkable improvement over the last two decades since its advent, due to advances in surgical concepts, techniques, and equipment. Today, ongoing research aims to compare the benefits and drawbacks of various surgical approaches, such as anterior, posterior, lateral, transvesical, and transperineal approaches, in terms of tumor control, functional recovery, and complication reduction in order to achieve the goal of pentafecta (no postoperative complications and negative surgical margins in addition to trifecta) to the maximum extent. It is imperative to explore and integrate novel technologies such as 5G remote surgery and artificial intelligence into the clinical practice of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy while ensuring patient safety, which has immense potential for substantial benefits to patients with prostate cancer.

[Current status of liver transplantation for adult patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure].

Acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF) is the most severe form of acute decompensation that develops in patients with chronic liver disease or liver cirrhosis,and is always accompanied by one or more extrahepatic organ failure, and has an extremely poor short-term prognosis. The causes triggering ACLF are complex and diverse,and the clinical stage and the type and the definition of organ failure differ greatly from one another. Therefore, a universally accepted diagnostic criteria for ACLF is not to be defined, and the epidemiological data and patient outcomes on ACLF are not easy to predict and compare among different regions. Accumulating evidence has shown that liver transplantation(LT) plays a significant role in the surgical treatment of patients with ACLF,but its clinical value is still controversial. The specific management and treatment strategy after the admission of patients with ACLF has not yet formed a unified and standardized process or opinions, which includes the monitoring in the ICU,the support and maintenance of organ functions, the selection of the surgical indication and the timing for LT and so on. Moreover, there still exists many controversies concerning, for example, whether patients with ACLF should receive greater priority for organ allocation compared to other potential candidates on the waiting list. Besides, more prospective controlled studies are urgently needed to investigate the role of the artificial liver support system in the bridging therapy to LT. The aim of this article is to review the indication selection of patients with ACLF suitable for LT,the survival outcomes and prognostic factors after LT, the selection of timing, the organ allocation policy and the bridging therapy to LT, which intends to provide new direction for designing the future clinical studies on LT in patients with ACLF.

Large ultrafast-modulated Voigt effect in noncollinear antiferromagnet Mn3Sn.

The time-resolved magneto-optical (MO) Voigt effect can be utilized to study the Néel order dynamics in antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials, but it has been limited for collinear AFM spin configuration. Here, we have demonstrated that in Mn3Sn with an inverse triangular spin structure, the quench of AFM order by ultrafast laser pulses can result in a large Voigt effect modulation. The modulated Voigt angle is significantly larger than the polarization rotation due to the crystal-structure related linear dichroism effect and the modulated MO Kerr angle arising from the ferroic ordering of cluster magnetic octupole. The AFM order quench time shows negligible change with increasing temperature approaching the Néel temperature (TN), in markedly contrast with the pronounced slowing-down demagnetization typically observed in conventional magnetic materials. This atypical behavior can be explained by the influence of weakened Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction rather than the smaller exchange splitting on the diminished AFM order near TN. The temperature-insensitive ultrafast spin manipulation can pave the way for high-speed spintronic devices either working at a wide range of temperature or demanding spin switching near TN.

[Comparison of different reconstruction procedures after distal gastrectomy in patients with gastric cancer].

Objective: To systematically compare the effect of Roux-en-Y with Billroth Ⅰ or Billroth Ⅱ in gastric cancer patients after distal gastrectomy by meta-analysis. Methods: Systematic search was conducted on the relevant electronic databases of Pubmed, Embase, Wanfang Database, CNKI and VIP from the established time to August 18, 2019. The randomized controlled trials about comparison of Roux-en-Y with Billroth Ⅰ or Billroth Ⅱ were strictly screened and analyzed by the software of Revman 5.3. Procedure and postoperative outcomes were analyzed, respectively. Results: A total of 783 relevant literatures were systematically retrieved, and 6 randomized controlled trials, including 954 patients, finally met the inclusion criteria after strict screening. The results of meta-analysis showed that operative time of Billroth Ⅰ was significantly shorter than that of Roux-en-Y (MD=-37.60, 95%CI:-50.79--24.40, P<0.001), intraoperative bleeding (MD=-21.64, 95%CI:-32.20--11.07, P<0.001) and the number of delayed gastric emptying (RR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.31-0.86, P=0.01) of Billroth Ⅰ were both significantly less than those of Roux-en-Y, while bile reflux (RR=8.17, 95%CI: 2.21-31.53, P=0.002) and residual gastritis (RR=1.75, 95%CI:1.43-2.14, P<0.000 01) of Billroth Ⅰ were both significantly higher than those of Roux-en-Y, other outcomes showed no significant difference. Compared with Roux-en-Y, operative time of Billroth Ⅱ was significantly shorter (MD=-19.73, 95%CI:-32.82--6.64, P=0.003), while bile reflux (RR=17.63, 95%CI: 4.50-69.02, P<0.001), residual gastritis (RR=1.94, 95%CI:1.15-3.26, P=0.01) and reflux esophagitis (RR=3.13, 95%CI: 1.31-7.45, P=0.01) of Billroth Ⅱ were all significantly higher, and there was no significant difference in other outcomes. Conclusion: Compared with Billroth Ⅰ and Billroth Ⅱ, the operation time of Roux-en-Y in gastric cancer patients undergoing distal gastrectomy is longer, but the incidences of bile reflux and residual gastritis are both lower, and the postoperative quality of life seems better.

Study on the characteristics and mechanism of pulsed laser cleaning of polyacrylate resin coating on aluminum alloy substrates.

The behavior of paint removal with a pulsed laser has been investigated using an Nd:YAG fiber laser. Experimental and theoretical analyses are conducted to reveal the underlying mechanism of the paint removal. The results show that the depth, radius, and volume of the pit formed by a single pulse become larger with increases in the energy density. The ideal parameters for the complete removal of paint have been achieved. During the paint removal, burning occurred over the surface, and the variation in element content has been attributed to the absorption of laser energy. Under the action of the pulsed laser, there was breakage and rearrangement of chemical bonds such as C-C, C-N, and C-O in the molecular chain of the polyacrylate paint coating. Through these analyses, the paint removal mechanism was shown to be based on chemical bond breakage, combustion, and mechanical action provided by the thermal expansion and plasma shock.

[Progress of sino-nasal IgG4-related disease].

IgG4-related disease is a newly recognized systemic fibro inflammatory disorder that affects the sino-nasal region. It is a rare and emerging entity that can present with bony and soft-tissue invasion,the final diagnosis of this disease mainly depends on pathological examination and majority of patients receiving corticosteroids responded very well to treatment. Thus,Our goal was to highlight the sino-nasal presentation of this unique disease and to review previously reported cases from 2010 to 2016.We hope that clinical physicians to enhance understanding of the disease in order to ensure early diagnosis and early intervention to prevent serious injury and fibrosis of organs.

[A meta-analysis of perioperative hyperoxia for the surgical site infections in patients with general surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To systemically analyze the effect of perioperative hyperoxia for the surgical site infections in patients with general surgery. METHODS: Electronic databases consisting of Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Wanfang Database, CNKI and VIP were systemically searched from established time to November 18, 2015. The randomized controlled trials about perioperative high and low-concentration oxygen for the surgical site infections in patients with general surgery were screened strictly and analyzed by the software of Revman 5.3. The included trials were stratified according to the colorectal or non-colorectal surgery, the duration of oxygen inhalation and the kinds of mixed gas to perform subgroup analyses. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by removing the low-quality trials, etc. The outcome was the surgical site infections. RESULTS: There were 989 relevant articles were searched out. At last, 9 randomized controlled trials consisting of 3 281 patients were included. The 80% oxygen group and 30% oxygen group consists of 1 644 and 1 637 patients, respectively. The rates of surgical site infection were 15.1% (248/1 644) and 17.5% (286/1 637) in the two group. Heterogeneity existed between the included trials and random-effect model was used, the RR=0.80, 95%CI: 0.60-1.08, P=0.15. Therefore, statistically significant difference was not found for the surgical site infections in the general surgery between the perioperative high and low-concentration oxygen. However, the results of subgroup analyses showed that the perioperative hyperoxia decreaced the surgical site infections significant in the subgroups of colorectal surgery and intraoperative plus postoperative 6 h oxygen inhalation. CONCLUSIONS: Perioperative hyperoxia does not reduce surgical site infections in patients with general surgery. However, the results of two subgroup analyses (colorectal surgery and intraoperative plus postoperative 6 h oxygen inhalation trials) show a significantly benefit for perioperative hyperoxia in decreasing surgical site infections.

[Analysis and evaluation of droplet digital PCR for H.pylori infections in chronic tonsillitis].

Objective:To investigate the measurement effect of droplet digital PCR(dd-PCR) for H.pylori infections in chronic tonsillitis and explore the correlations between H.pylori infections and chronic tonsillitis.Method:The subjects consisted of 48 chronic tonsillitis patients aged between 7 and 52 years scheduled for tonsillectomy.Core biopsy samples from resected tonsillary tissue was tested for H.pylori detection using both RT-PCR and dd-PCR for the CagA and VacA genes.Preoperative patient venous blood samples were also tested for H.pylori antibodies by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).ELISA,RT-PCR and dd-PCR were also used to detect expression of CagA and VacA genes in plasma and tissue of 30 cases of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAHS) and 35 cases of plasma from healthy subjects.Result:The expression of H.pylori antibodies is tested in plasma:48 chronic tonsillitis patients(10.12±3.23)ng/ml, OSAS(9.87±2.43)ng/ml, healthy subjects(9.34±3.38) ng/ml.There was no significant difference between groups in the plasma.The VacA and CagA gene sequences were detected by RT-PCR:48 chronic tonsillitis patients VacA(27.1%),CagA(16.7%),VacA+CagA(16.7%);30 OSAHS,VacA(23.3%),CagA(20.0%),VacA+CagA(16.7%);all of which were also positive by dd-PCR,thus were considered H.pylori infected.Moreover,The expression of VacA and CagA increased in tissues testing by dd-PCR:48 chronic tonsillitis patients VacA(72.9%),CagA(52.1%),VacA+CagA(39.6%);30 OSAHS,VacA(33.3%),CagA(23.3%),VacA+CagA(16.7%).Conclusion:Our study supports the possible role of H.pylori in chronic tonsillitis.H.pylori maybe one of the risk factors of chronic tonsillitis.dd PCR had bettersensitivity and specificity compare to H.pylori serological and RT PCR.Feasible anti H.pylori treatment maybe used for H.pylori associated chronic tonsillitis.

Effect of simulated microgravity on aged pea seed vigour and related physiological properties.

We used simulated microgravity to treat aged pea seeds, in order to observe its effect on seed vigour and related physiological properties. The result shows that microgravity obviously promotes the germination rate, vitality index, germination index, and keeps the activity of protective enzyme, with conductivity and the content of MDA decreased. These effects gradually disappeared for a certain period after the microgravity administration.

[Terbium sensitized chemiluminescence of enoxacin].

AIM: To determine the enoxacin by means of terbium sensitized chemiluminescence in pharmaceutical preparations as well as urine samples. METHODS: Through six-way injection valve Ce4+, H2SO3, Tb3+ and enoxacin (ENX) standard solutions were injected into the flow system in a certain order, the chemiluminescence signal was detected by weak luminescence analyzer. RESULTS: The chemiluminescence intensity was linearly related to the concentration of ENX in the range of 2.0 x 10(-9)-6.0 x 10(-8) mol.L-1 with a detection limit of 4.0 x 10(-10) mol.L-1. Relative standard deviation was less than 1.6% (n = 11). CONCLUSION: It provides a sensitive rapid, simple and accuracy measurement of enoxacin for the pharmacokinetic studies.