The JNK signaling pathway against titanium-particle-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in vivo.

OBJECTIVE: The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of osteoclast development. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate whether SB600125, a JNK inhibitor, could attenuate titanium-particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 45 mice were randomly divided into a Sham group, a Titanium group, and a Titanium + JNK inhibitor group, 15 mice per group. After establishing an air pouch bone graft model, we injected phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), titanium particles, or titanium particles + JNK inhibitor into the air pouch of the three groups. The pouch membranes containing bone implants were taken for morphological and molecular analysis 14 days after the mice were sacrificed. RESULTS: General morphological structure observation results, Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E)-Stained Sections, anti-tartaric acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, and the transmission electron microscope showed that SB600125, by inhibiting the expression of JNK, attenuated titanium particle-induced inflammatory osteolysis (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical appearance results and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results showed SB600125 reduced expression of IL-6, and TNF-α in osteolytic sites stimulated with wear debris (p<0.05). The Western blot results showed the expression of the p-JNK protein in the titanium particle + SB600125 group was significantly reduced compared to the titanium particle stimulation group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Interfering with the JNK signaling pathway may be beneficial in reducing osteolysis, providing a therapeutic target for preventing and treating aseptic loosening caused by debris-induced inflammatory osteolysis.

The effect of the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and the reduced use of opioids on postoperative outcomes in elderly patients with colorectal cancer.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the impact of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways and the reduced use of opioids on postoperative outcomes in elderly colorectal cancer (CRC) patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia (GA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical data from 99 elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic CRC surgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from April 2021 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and grouped based on the method of pain control measures received. Of 99 patients, 51 received conventional doses of opioid drugs (conventional group), and 48 patients were treated with reduced doses of opioids based on the principles of ERAS (low-dose group). Perioperative characteristics, postoperative pain level, cognitive function, serum biochemical index levels, and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The first exhaust time, defecation time, and bedtime activity time of the low-dose group were compared to the conventional group (p<0.05). On the first day after the surgery, the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) score of the low-dose group was higher than the conventional group (p<0.05). After the surgery, the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) decreased in both groups, while the levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) increased. However, compared to the conventional group, the low-dose group had higher levels of BDNF and lower levels of NSE and 5-HT (p<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the low-dose group was lower than that in the conventional group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ERAS protocol and the reduced use of opioid drugs in CRC patients who underwent surgery under GA is associated with an analgesic effect that is comparable to that of conventional opioid use. Reduced dosage of opioid drugs lessened cognitive impairment and lowered the incidence of adverse reactions in surgical patients with CRC.

[Clinical effects of fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with minimally invasive scar release in the treatment of post-acne atrophic scars].

Objective: To explore the clinical effects of fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with minimally invasive scar release in the treatment of post-acne atrophic scars. Methods: A retrospectively observational study was conducted. From January to June 2021, 60 patients with grade 3 and 4 post-acne atrophic scars who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. According to the adopted treatment methods, 30 patients treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with minimally invasive scar release were included in combined treatment group (19 males and 11 females, aged (26±4) years), and 30 patients treated with fractional carbon dioxide laser alone were included in laser alone group (18 males and 12 females, aged (25±6) years). All the patients received the treatment once every two months, totally 3 times. Before the first treatment and 2 months after the last treatment, the scars were assessed by échelle d'évaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acné (ECCA). In 2 months after the last treatment, the curative effect was evaluated and the total effective rate was calculated according to the ECCA score. The adverse reactions of patients during the treatment were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, and Fisher's exact probability test. Results: Before the first treatment, the ECCA scores of patients in the two groups were similar (P>0.05). In 2 months after the last treatment, the ECCA scores of patients in combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of laser alone group (Z=-2.89, P<0.05). The ECCA scores of patients in combined treatment group and laser alone group in 2 months after the last treatment were both significantly lower than those before the first treatment (with Z values of -4.81 and -4.79, respectively, P<0.05). In 2 months after the last treatment, the treatment in laser alone group cured the scars in 2 patients, and were markedly effective in 13 patients, effective in 7 patients, and ineffective in 8 patients; the treatment in combined treatment group cured the scars in 4 patients, and were markedly effective in 22 patients, effective in 3 patients, and ineffective in one patients. The total effective rate of scar treatment in combined treatment group (96.67%, 29/30) was significantly higher than 73.33% (22/30) in laser alone group (P<0.05). During treatment, in combined treatment group, 3 patients had pain, one patient had redness and swelling, and one patient had pigmentation. In laser alone group, one patient had pain, and 2 patients had pigmentation. No infection occurred in the wounds of all the patients in the two groups. Conclusions: Compared with fractional carbon dioxide laser alone, fractional carbon dioxide laser combined with minimally invasive scar release for post-acne atrophic scars can result in a higher total effective rate, with simple operation and good effect, so it is worthy of clinical application.

[Effects of plasma lipopolysaccharide changes on platelet release of vascular endothelial growth factor and thromobospondin-1 in patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension after TIPS procedure].

Objective: To investigate the effects of plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration changes on platelet release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and thrombospondin (TSP)-1 in patients with decompensated cirrhotic portal hypertension after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure. Methods: 169 cases with cirrhotic portal hypertension were enrolled, of which 81 cases received TIPS treatment. LPS, VEGF, and TSP-1 concentrations with different Child-Pugh class in peripheral blood plasma of patients were measured. After pre-incubation of normal human platelets with different concentrations of LPS and stimulated by collagen in vitro, platelet PAC-1 expression rate, VEGF, and TSP-1 concentrations were detected. PAC-1 expression rate and the concentrations of LPS, VEGF and TSP-1 in peripheral blood plasma of patients before and after TIPS procedure were detected. The relationship between plasma LPS, VEGF and TSP-1 concentrations and Child-Pugh score changes in patients after TIPS procedure was analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed by t-test, one-way ANOVA or Pearson's rho according to different data. Results: Plasma LPS and TSP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in Child-Pugh class C patients than class A and B, but the concentration of plasma VEGF was significantly lower than class A and B (P < 0.01). In vitro experiments showed that concentration of LPS, TSP-1, and platelet PAC-1 expression rate was higher in the supernatant, but the difference in the concentration of VEGF in the supernatant was not statistically significant. Portal vein pressure and platelet activation were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) in patients after TIPS procedure. Portal venous pressure, platelet activation, plasma LPS, and TSP-1 levels were significantly decreased continuously, while VEGF levels were significantly increased continuously after TIPS procedure. Plasma LPS concentration was positively correlated with TSP-1 concentration (r = 0.506, P < 0.001), and negatively correlated with VEGF concentration (r = -0.167, P = 0.010). Child-Pugh score change range was negatively correlated with change range of plasma VEGF concentration (r = -0.297, P = 0.016), and positively correlated with change range of plasma TSP-1 concentration (r = 0.145, P = 0.031) after TIPS. Conclusion: Portal venous pressure gradient, plasma LPS concentration and corresponding platelet activation was decreased in cirrhotic portal hypertension after TIPS procedure, and with TSP-1 reduction and VEGF elevation it is possible to reduce the liver function injury caused by portal venous shunt.

[Research Progress on Metabolite Identification of Synthetic Cannabinoid New Psychoactive Substances].

ABSTRACT: Synthetic cannabinoids are currently a class of new psychoactive substances with the largest variety and most abused. Metabolite identification research can provide basic data for monitoring synthetic cannabinoids abuse, which is the current research hotspot. The main trend of structural modification of synthetic cannabinoid is to replace the fluorine atom on pentyl indole or indazole cyclopentyl with hydrogen atom, which greatly improves the biological activity of the compound. The main metabolic reactions include hydroxylation, fluoropentyl oxidative, ester hydrolyze, amide hydrolysis. Liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry has become the preferred choice for the structural identification of metabolites. This review mainly summarizes research on metabolism software prediction and human hepatocyte model, human liver microsomes model, rat in vivo model, zebrafish model and fungus C. elegans model in metabolite identification based on the structure and classification of synthetic cannabinoids.

The mechanism of exogenous adiponectin in the prevention of no-reflow phenomenon in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction during PCI treatment.

The article "The mechanism of exogenous adiponectin in the prevention of no-reflow phenomenon in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction during PCI treatment, by C.-J. Zhang, Y.-Z. Deng, Y.-H. Lei, J.-B. Zhao, W. Wei, Y.-H. Li, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (7): 2169-2174-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201804_14751-PMID: 29687877" has been withdrawn from the authors due to some technical reasons (the authors still have not figured out how to address them). The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/14751.

[Comparison of the curative effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene-covered stent and drug combined with gastroscopy as the secondary prevention of esophageal -gastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension].

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)-covered stent and drug combined with gastroscopy as the secondary prevention of esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding in portal hypertension. Methods: Patients with esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding who received TIPS treatment (ePTFE covered stent) or gastroscopy for the first time as the secondary prevention for portal hypertension at Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University through March to July 2017 were selected. One year after the operation, liver function changes, ascites remission rates, incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, re-bleeding rate, average hospitalization frequency and expenses, survival time, as well as the TIPS patency conditions were analyzed in the two groups of patients. 2 test, Kaplan-Meier method and Mann-Whitney U test were used to analyze the data. Results: There were 74 and 66 cases in the TIPS and the drug combined gastroscopy group and the follow-up duration (14.57 ± 0.79) was 12-16 months. One year after surgery, the remission rate of ascites in the TIPS group was higher 57.1% (32/56) than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group (0), and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 2 = 36.73, P < 0.01). The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in the TIPS group was 32.4% (24/74), 37.8% (28/74), 40.5% (30/74), and 40.5% (30/74), respectively. The cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in the drug combined gastroscopy group was 3.0% (2/66), 3.0% (2/66), 3.0% (2/66), and 6.1% (4/66), respectively. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the cumulative incidence of hepatic encephalopathy in the TIPS group was higher than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group (χ(2) = 11.29, P < 0.01). The incidence of severe hepatic encephalopathy ( grade III to IV) at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery in the TIPS group was 2.7% (2/74), 0, 0, and 0, respectively. The incidence of severe hepatic encephalopathy in drug combined gastroscopy group was 0, and there was no statistically significant difference in development of hepatic encephalopathy between the two groups (P > 0.05). The re-bleeding rates of TIPS group and drug combined gastroscopy group were 0 and 27.3% (18/66), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (χ(2) = 22.42, P < 0.01). There was no death reported during the follow-up period between both groups. The hospitalization frequency times (1.45 ± 0.80) in TIPS group was lower than that of the drug combined gastroscopy group times (3.24 ± 1.80), and the difference was statistically significant (U = -4.52, P < 0.01). Conclusion: In the prevention of esophageal-gastric variceal bleeding, TIPS (ePTFE-covered stent) treatment has the advantages of reducing re-bleeding rate, high ascites remission rate and hospitalizations frequency. In addition, patients treated with TIPS have a higher incidence of hepatic encephalopathy than that of drugs combined with gastroscopy. However, TIPS did not exacerbate the incidence of hepatic encephalopathy, and there was no significant difference in the 1-year survival rate after TIPS and drugs combined with gastroscopy treatment.

[Clinical analysis of 15 cases of acute glufosinate poisoning].

The glufosinate poisoning can cause damage to the respiratory system and nervous system. In severe cases, respiratory failure and toxic encephalopathy are life-threatening. It should be paid attention to and supportive treatment.In this paper, 15 cases of acute oral glyphosate poisoning diagnosed by toxicant test in the Poisoning Treatment Center of the Army from March to August 2018 were analyzed, and the clinical characteristics and treatment effect of acute glyphosate poisoning were summarized, so as to improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment level of the disease.

Fibulin-5 protects the extracellular matrix of chondrocytes by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway and relieves osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common disease in the elderly and seriously affects the quality of life of patients. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effect of Fibulin-5 on articular chondrocytes and its mechanism of action. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Articular cartilage tissues from patients with OA and normal people were selected and tested for differences in Fibulin-5 expression. In addition, human chondrocytes were cultured, and the effects of Fibulin-5 on the extracellular matrix (ECM) of chondrocytes and the level of inflammation were examined by means of cell transfection and cytokine intervention. SKL2001, an agonist of the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, was used to validate the mechanism of action of Fibulin-5 to protect chondrocytes. RESULTS: Fibulin-5 was lowly expressed in the cartilage tissue of patients with OA. Overexpression of Fibulin-5 significantly increased the expressions of ECM collagen II and aggrecan in chondrocytes, while decreasing the expressions of MMP-3 and MMP-13. In addition, Fibulin-5 reduced IL-1ß-induced inflammation of chondrocytes, as well as expressions of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Overexpression of Fibulin-5 also reduced the activity of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, and activation of Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway attenuated the protective effects of Fibulin-5 on the ECM of chondrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Fibulin-5 can protect the ECM of chondrocytes and reduce the inflammatory response of chondrocytes by inhibiting the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway.

[Analysis of the medium-term curative effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt through jugular vein with covered Viatorr stent].

Objective: To investigate the medium-term curative effect of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) through jugular vein with covered Viatorr stent. Methods: Data of 105 consecutive patients with covered Viatorr stent of our hospital was retrospectively analyzed. Follow-up was performed after surgery, and color Doppler was reviewed to evaluate the efficacy of TIPS. Results: Transjugular intrahepatic shunt was successfully established in all patients. The pressure gradients of portal vein before and after operation were 22.33 ± 6.4 mmHg and 9.78 ± 4.9 mmHg, respectively,P< 0.01, and the difference was statistically significant. The follow-up period ranged from 12.7 to 15.6 months, with an average of 13.09 ± 1.4 month. Total bilirubin and coagulation time increased after operation, but there was no significant difference in total bilirubin and coagulation time at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The patency rate of shunt was 100%, 99.05%, 99.05% and 99.05% at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation. The incidence of hepatic encephalopathy was 34.2%, 29.5%, 19.1% and 14.3% respectively. The recurrence rate of symptoms was 0%. Conclusion: Patients with cirrhotic portal hypertension who underwent TIPS with covered Viatorr stent had a lower rate of restenosis, improved liver function, and a lower incidence of severe hepatic encephalopathy. However, the long-term efficacy needs further observation.

Modulative effects of lncRNA TCONS_00202959 on autonomic neural function and myocardial functions in atrial fibrillation rat model.

OBJECTIVE: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a typical cardiac arrhythmia. The autonomic nervous system can modulate the myocardial system with complicated mechanisms. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is involved in myocardial diseases, and lncRNA TCONS_00202959 is down-regulated in AF. However, the detailed effects of AF on automatic functions or cardiomyocytes are not well known yet. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, AF group (which was prepared by injecting the acetylcholine-CaCl2 solution) and treatment group (receiving lentiviral transfection of lncRNA TCONS_00202959 on AF rats). Real Time-quantitative PCR (RT-PCR) was used to measure the expression of lncRNA TCONS_00202959. Atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF induction rate were measured, along with heart rate variability (HRV) analysis to reveal autonomic nervous function. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) was analyzed in atrial tissues. RESULTS: The expression of lncRNA TCONS_00202959 was decreased in the AF group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), which also had shortened AERP and elevated AF induction rate. The analysis of the autonomic nervous function revealed lower standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), SDNN of atrial (SDANN), root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and SDNN intervals in all 5-min segments (SDNNindx), plus elevated power ratio of low frequency (LF)/high frequency (HF). TH expression was increased whilst CHAT expression was decreased (p < 0.05). The treatment group showed enhanced expression of lncRNA TCONS_00202959, elongated AERP plus decreased AF induction rate. The treatment rats also had higher SDNN, SDANN, RMSSD and SDNNindx, lower LF/HF ratio, decreased TH expression and increased CHAT expression (p < 0.05 compared to the AF group). CONCLUSIONS: AF rats had decreased expression of lncRNA TCONS_00202959, which can help to prevent AF pathogenesis by suppressing cardiac autonomic nervous function.

[Effect of maximum blood pressure fluctuation on prognosis of patients with acute ischemic stroke within 24 hours after hospital admission].

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the maximum blood pressure fluctuation within 24 hours after admission and the prognosis at discharge. Methods: The patients with ischemic stroke admitted in Department of Neurology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University within 24 hours after onset were consecutively selected from April 2016 to March 2017. The patients were grouped according to the diagnostic criteria of hypertension. Ambulatory blood pressure of the patients within 24 hours after admission were measured with bedside monitors and baseline data were collected. The patients were scored by NIHSS at discharge. The relationships between the maximum values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and the prognosis at discharge were analyzed. Results: A total of 521 patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled. They were divided into normal blood pressure group (82 cases) and hypertension group(439 cases). In normal blood pressure group, the maximum values of SBP and DBP were all in normal distribution (P>0.05). The maximum value of SBP fluctuation was set at 146.6 mmHg. After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR for poor prognosis at discharge in patients with SBP fluctuation ≥146.6 mmHg was 2.669 (95%CI: 0.594-11.992) compared with those with SBP fluctuation <146.6 mmHg. The maximum value of DBP fluctuation was set at 90.0 mmHg, and the adjusted OR for poor prognosis at discharge in patients with DBP fluctuation ≥90.0 mmHg was 0.416 (95%CI: 0.087-1.992) compared with those with DBP fluctuation <90.0 mmHg. In hypertension group, the maximum values of SBP and DBP were not in normal distribution (P<0.05). The maximum value of SBP fluctuation was set at median 171.0 mmHg. After adjustment for the confounders, the greater the maximum of SBP, the greater the risk of poor prognosis at discharge was, the OR was 1.636 (95%CI: 1.014-2.641). The maximum value of DBP fluctuation was set at median 98.0 mmHg. After adjustment for the confounders, the greater the maximum of DBP, the greater the risk of poor prognosis at discharge was, the OR was 1.645 (95%CI: 1.003-2.697). Conclusion: In acute ischemic stroke patients with normal blood pressure at admission, the maximum values of SBP and DBP within 24 hours after admission had no relationship with prognosis at discharge. In acute ischemic stroke patients with hypertension at admission, the maximum values of SBP and DBP within 24 hours after admission were associated with poor prognosis at discharge.

The mechanism of exogenous adiponectin in the prevention of no-reflow phenomenon in type 2 diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction during PCI treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanism of exogenous adiponectin in the prevention of no-reflow phenomenon in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 66 patients were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 33 cases in each group. According to the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) emergency treatment principle, patients from the control group were treated with an intracoronary injection of adenosine combined with a micro-pump intravenous infusion of tirofiban. Patients from the observation group were injected with exogenous adiponectin in addition to the adenosine and tirofiban treatments. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in gender, age, location of the target lesion, degree of stenosis, stent implantation number, length and the inner diameter between control and observation group (p > 0.05). Lower frequent of slow blood flow and no-reflow and shorter interventional procedures were observed in observation group compared with those of control group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the increase of plasma creatine kinase (CK-MB) in patients of observation group was lower than that of the patients in control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of troponin-I (cTnI), IL-6, TNF- α, endothelin-1 (ET-1), vascular endothelial adhesion molecular I (VCAM-1) and bax/Bcl-2 were significantly lower in observation group than those in control (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during a 12-month follow-up was significantly lower in the observation group than that of control (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous adiponectin further reduced the no-reflow phenomenon during PCI treatment of the patients with T2DM combined with AMI. The function of exogenous adiponectin is associated with the reduced myocardial and endothelial cell injury and the inhibited inflammation and apoptosis. The application of exogenous adiponectin can significantly improve the clinical outcomes.

Effects of lipid form and source on digestibility of fat and fatty acids in growing pigs.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect of source (corn DDGS, rice bran, or soybean) or form of oil (extracted or intact) on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and true total tract digestibility (TTTD) of acid-hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) and fatty acids. The study determined and compared the ATTD or TTTD of AEE and fatty acids in extracted corn oil, rice oil, and soybean oil with intact oil in corn DDGS, full-fat rice bran, and full-fat soybean. Seventy-eight barrows (initial BW = 47.2 ± 3.9 kg; Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) were allotted to 1 of 13 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 6 barrows in each dietary treatment. The 13 experimental diets included 1 cornstarch-soybean meal basal diet (AEE, 0.56%) and 3 diets containing 6% extracted oils (corn oil, rice oil, and soybean oil) and 9 diets supplemented with 3 levels of corn DDGS (17%, 34%, and 51%), full-fat rice bran (14%, 28%, and 42%), and full-fat soybean (12%, 24%, and 36%). These diets provided about 2%, 4%, and 6% intact oil, respectively. The barrows were housed in individual metabolism crates and were fed the assigned test diets at 4% of initial BW per day. A 5-d total collection of feces followed a 7-d diet adaptation period. The ATTD of AEE were calculated for each diet. The endogenous flow of AEE associated with each ingredient and values for TTTD were calculated using regression methods. The ATTD of AEE were greater ( < 0.05) for extracted oil than for intact oil. Compared to extracted oil, intact oil had lower ( < 0.01) ATTD of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and linolenic acid (C18:3). However, a source by form interaction ( < 0.01) was observed for ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3. The ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3 in extracted corn and rice oil were greater compared with intact corn DDGS and rice oil ( < 0.05), while there was no significant difference for the ATTD of C18:0, C18:2, and C18:3 between extracted soybean oil and intact oil in full-fat soybean. In conclusion, lipids that are extracted have a greater digestibility compared with intact lipids, and this is especially true regarding saturated fatty acids. The ATTD of AEE in 2 forms of rice oil (intact oil and extracted oil) was less than the values in corn oil and soybean oil. The TTTD of AEE in corn DDGS and full-fat soybeans were greater than in full-fat rice bran.

Effects of Vitamin B12 on postoperative cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane anesthesia in rats.

OBJECTIVE: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a clinical syndrome associated with cognitive decline in patients after anesthesia. This study aimed to investigate the effect of VB12 (Vitamin B12), a kind of necessary micronutrients promoting the growth and development of the nervous system, on cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane anesthesia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen-month-old rats were exposed to or were not exposed to 1.4% isoflurane for 2 h. Two hours before isoflurane exposure, rats in groups with VB12 were injected intramuscularly with VB12 at 10 or 20 µg. Two weeks later, rats were subjected to Barnes maze and Morris water maze. RESULTS: Rats exposed to isoflurane had significant impairments in long-term spatial memory assessed by Barnes maze. There was no statistical significance in the percentage of swimming time and path length in the Morris water maze tests among five groups, suggesting that isoflurane may not impair the recall of learned information in rats. Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1ß (IL-1ß) and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus, but not cortex of the rats. The increase of IL-1ß and activated caspase 3 was attenuated by VB12. However, isoflurane did not change the amount of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and ß-amyloid peptide in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. CONCLUSIONS: VB12 can attenuate cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane anesthesia. At the same time, IL-1ß may play an important role in this isoflurane effect.

[Analysis for the breast cancer screening among urban populations in China, 2012-2013].

Objective: To analyze results of breast cancer screenings in the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China(CanSPUC)during 2012-2013. Methods: In 14 cities of 9 provinces(Eastern Region: Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Shandong and Guangdong; Central Region: Heilongjiang and Hunan; Western Region: Chongqing and Gansu), 198 097 women aged 40-69 years who had lived in their cities for ≥3 years were surveyed through a cancer risk assessment questionnaire during 2012-2013. The questionnaires identified women considered to be at high risk for breast cancer, of whom 17 104 received screening examinations, for whom complete records of breast cancer screening and other data were available for 12 440 subjects altogether, including breast ultrasound exams for subjects 40-44 years old. Subjects older than 45 years or in whom breast imaging reporting and data system(BI-RADS)ultrasound had found ≥ 3 lesions also underwent mammography. In this cohort, BI-RADS 3 class was defined as suspicious and BI-RADS ≥4 class as positive. Chi-square tests were used to compare breast cancer screening results by groups. Results: As of October 2013, breast cancer screening percentages for the 12 440 subjects for whom full data were available were, by region, Eastern: 55.43%(6 895); Central: 21.45%(2 669); and Western: 23.12%(2 876); by age, 40-44 years: 5.50%(684); ≥45 years: 94.50%(11 756). Using BI-RADS, 2018 subjects were found to have 3 lesions(detection rate: 16.22%), which were distributed regionally as Eastern: 19.00%(1 310 women), Central: 13.75%(367)and Western; 11.86%(341); χ2=91.45, P<0.001; and 289 were found to have ≥4 lesions(detection rate: 2.32%), which were distributed regionally as Eastern: 2.41%(166), Central: 1.54%(41)and Western; 2.85%(82); χ2=11.04, P=0.004. Women aged 50-54 years had the highest detection rate of BI-RADS 3 lesions at 18.74%(561/2 994), and those aged 40-44 years had the highest detection rate of BI-RADS ≥4 at 2.92%(20/684). Conclusion: Detection rates of BI-RADS ≥4 lesions were highest in the Western region and in women aged 40-44 years, and lowest in the Central region and in women aged 60-64 years. Detection rates of BI-RADS 3 lesions were highest in the Eastern region and in women aged 50-54 years and the lowest in the Western region and in women aged 60-64 years.

Hsp90 modulates the stability of MLKL and is required for TNF-induced necroptosis.

The pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) is a key component of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced necroptosis and plays a crucial role in necroptosis execution. However, the mechanisms that control MLKL activity are not completely understood. Here, we identify the molecular chaperone Hsp90 as a novel MLKL-interacting protein. We show that Hsp90 associates with MLKL and is required for MLKL stability. Moreover, we find that Hsp90 also regulates the stability of the upstream RIP3 kinase. Interference with Hsp90 function with the 17AAG inhibitor destabilizes MLKL and RIP3, resulting in their degradation by the proteasome pathway. Furthermore, we find that Hsp90 is required for TNF-stimulated necrosome assembly. Disruption of Hsp90 function prevents necrosome formation and strongly reduces MLKL phosphorylation and inhibits TNF-induced necroptosis. Consistent with a positive role of Hsp90 in necroptosis, coexpression of Hsp90 increases MLKL oligomerization and plasma membrane translocation and enhances MLKL-mediated necroptosis. Our findings demonstrate that an efficient necrotic response requires a functional Hsp90.

Effect of supplementation of organic manganese on reproductive performance of female Ussuri raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) during the breeding season.

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary manganese (Mn) on reproductive performance of female Ussuri raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) during the breeding season. Healthy female Ussuri raccoon dogs (n=72) were randomly divided into six groups of twelve each. The six experimental diets were formulated to contain graded amounts of Mn (0, 40, 80, 120, 200 and 400mg/kg of diet; Groups A through F, respectively). Litter size of Group D was greater than that of Groups A, B, C and E (P<0.05), with Group E having the smallest litter size. Values of number born alive were affected by different amounts of organic Mn. Number of pups born alive in Group D was greater than that of Groups B, C, E and F (P<0.05). Number of pups weaned alive for Group D was greater than that of Groups A, B, C and E (P<0.05). Mn supplementation of the control diet (containing 24.32 mg/kg from raw materials) with 120 mg/kg of Mn was adequate for female Ussuri raccoon dogs during the breeding season, based on positive effects of reproduction performance.