A novel approach has been developed to produce pure plant-based gel soy yogurt by combining soy proteins (7S/11S), high pressure homogenization, and glycation reaction.

This research sought to examine how the physicochemical characteristics of soy globulins and different processing techniques influence the gel properties of soy yogurt. The goal was to improve these gel properties and rectify any texture issues in soy yogurt, ultimately aiming to produce premium-quality plant-based soy yogurt. In this research study, the investigation focused on examining the impact of 7S/11S, homogenization pressure, and glycation modified with glucose on the gel properties of soy yogurt. A plant-based soy yogurt with superior gel and texture properties was successfully developed using a 7S/11S globulin-glucose conjugate at a 1:3 ratio and a homogenization pressure of 110 MPa. Compared to soy yogurt supplemented with pectin or gelatin, this yogurt demonstrated enhanced characteristics. These findings provide valuable insights into advancing plant protein gels and serve as a reference for cultivating new soybean varieties by soybean breeding experts.

Influence of shrub root combinations and spacing on slope stability: study case at the Yongding River flooding regime, Langfang, China.

Research on the mechanism of plant root-soil consolidation is a current focus in research into the ecological restoration of banks. The stability of ecological banks is central to this research, and bank stability is closely related to plant combinations and spacing. Recent research on reinforced anchorage of plant roots has mainly focused on root length and angle, and on other parts of the root system, and only a few studies have examined the combination of different types of roots. In this study, a coupled slope stability assessment system is created, composed of root morphological parameters and involving calculations using the finite element model ABACUS. This paper selects the two banks of the lower reaches of the Tiantang River in the flood zone of Yongding River as the research area, and examines slope surface plants. And then the reinforcement effect of different shrub roots combinations and plant spacing are evaluated for determining the optimal shrub layout, with the aim of solving the instability problem of collapsible silty clay bank slopes and associated risks. The results indicated that when the shrub plant spacing is 0.65 m, the optimal shrub combination is Tamarix chinensis + Philadelphus incanus, and when the shrub plant spacing is 0.75 m, the optimal shrub combination is Tamarix chinensis + Euonymus alatus. The study found that the root system morphology and the fibrous roots amount at the foot of the slope can have different degrees of influence on the shallow soil stability of the silty clay slope under different shrubs plant spacing conditions.

[Spatial Differences in Water Quality and Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis of Eutrophication in Songhua Lake].

To identify the spatial differences in the water quality and eutrophication characteristics of Songhua Lake, the largest artificial lake in northeast China, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and factor analysis were used to analyze the water quality sampling and testing results in 2017 in three regions, namely the main reservoir area of the Fengman Reservoir (MRAFR), the experimental area of the Songhua River Three Lakes Protection Zone (EASRTLPZ), and the Jiaohe River backwater area (JRBA). The nutrient status of the lake was evaluated by the trophic state index method, and the spatial correlation and aggregation status of the eutrophication level in Songhua Lake were studied using spatial autocorrelation analysis. The main results were as follows: ① the ANOVA showed that, except for dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), there were significant differences (P<0.05) in the total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), water temperature (WT), and pH in the three areas of Songhua Lake, with the clearest difference between TN and TP. ② The factor analysis showed that the changes in the climatic condition factor (WT), nutrient salt factors (TN and TP), and algal biomass factor (Chl-a) dominated the water quality in the lake. ③ The results of the trophic state index showed that the nutrient status of Songhua Lake as a whole is mildly eutrophic, and the eutrophication levels of the three regions from strong to weak are JRBA > MRAFR > EASRTLPZ. ④ The global spatial autocorrelation showed that the eutrophication level of the lake as a whole has significant positive spatial autocorrelation owing to the influence of regional eutrophication levels. The spatial heterogeneity of the eutrophication level of Songhua Lake is low. ⑤ The results of the local spatial autocorrelation showed that the central and northern areas of JRBA are the hot spots (high/high concentration) of eutrophication in the lake (P<0.01), and the central part of EASRTLPZ is the cold spot (low/low concentration) of eutrophication in the lake (P<0.05). Therefore, when conducting water environmental management of Songhua Lake, the key areas for eutrophication control should be the JRBA and MRAFR.