Enhanced Fenton catalytic degradation of methylene blue by the synergistic effect of Fe and Ce in chitosan-supported mixed-metal MOFs (Fe/Ce-BDC@CS).

Methylene blue (MB) is a refractory organic pollutant that poses a potential threat to the aquatic environment. Fenton reaction is considered a primrose strategy to treat MB. However, the traditional Fenton process is plagued by narrow pH application range, poor stability, and secondary pollution. To solve these problems, many Fenton-like catalysts including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been prepared. Herein, a novel bimetallic MOF (Fe/Ce-BDC@CS) was prepared through simple adsorption for the effective removal of MB, where chitosan (CS) was used as the carrier. The degradation performance of Fe/Ce-BDC@CS (100 % within 20 min) was better than that of most reported monometallic MOFs. Moreover, Fe/Ce-BDC@CS exhibited good repeatability and its anti-interference performance of some inorganic ions was also remarkable. Column loading experiments showed that the removal efficiency of MB was still about 50 % over 155 h with a flowing speed of 0.30 L/h. Comparative analysis indicated that such excellent performances could be attributed to the synergistic effect between Fe and Ce. Furthermore, the results of quenching tests indicate that OH, O2-, and 1O2 contributed to MB degradation. In brief, Fe/Ce-BDC@CS has promising prospects in MB treatment, which can provide scientific references for the design and application of bimetallic MOFs.

Preparation of chitosan resin by two-step crosslinking method and its adsorption for palladium in wastewater.

To preserve the activity of amine groups on chitosan, chitosan resin (CR) was synthesized using the reversed-phase suspension two-step crosslinking method for the adsorption of palladium from wastewater. The effects of varying the amounts of chitosan, liquid paraffin, ethyl acetate, formaldehyde solution, and epichlorohydrin on the adsorption capacity of CR were investigated using both single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The preparation conditions for the chitosan resin were optimized, and its adsorption properties were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that CR exhibited a high saturated adsorption capacity for palladium, reaching 195.22 mg·g-1. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, while the adsorption isotherms were well described by the Sips model. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. Furthermore, CR maintained exceptional stability, with a palladium removal efficiency exceeding 99.8 % even after eight adsorption-desorption cycles. The primary adsorption mechanism is attributed to the interaction between palladium ions and the protonated amino groups of the chitosan resin.

The combination of allicin with domiphen is effective against microbial biofilm formation.

Background: Microorganisms in biofilms are particularly difficult to control because of their increased survival and antibiotic resistance. Allicin and domiphen were employed to inhibit the microbial growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans strains. Methods: Broth microdilution method and checkerboard assay were conducted to determine the efficacy of allicin combined with domiphen against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Microbial biofilm formation was measured using the crystal violet staining method and fluorescence microscopy. And the total viable count of the biofilm cells on material surface after the treatment with antimicrobial reagents was calculated with the plate count technique. Results: The two drugs showed synergistic effects against the pathogens with a fractional bactericidal concentration of less than 0.38. The combination of 64 µg/mL allicin with 1 µg/mL domiphen dispersed over 50% of the biofilm mass of S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. In addition, the drug combination reduced the total viable counts of E. coli and C. albicans biofilm cells on stainless steel and polyethylene surfaces by more than 102 CFU/mL. Conclusion: The combination of allicin and domiphen is an effective strategy for efficiently decreasing biofilms formation on various industrial materials surfaces.

An eco-friendly self-assembled catalyst preparation and study of tetracycline degradation: Performance, mechanism to application.

Chloromethyl styrene resin can undergo specific chemical modifications and is an excellent adsorbent material for treating difficult-to-degrade substances in wastewater. In this study, chloromethyl styrene resin will be used as a carrier, and polystyrene chloromethyl resin (PS-Cl) was converted into PS-NH2 by amino modification. The self-assembly of cobalt-based metal-organic framework (CoMOF) was induced on the surface of PS-NH2 by using a novel preparation technique. The performance of the prepared PS-NH2@CoMOF self-assembled catalysts with core-shell-like structures in degrading the target pollutant, tetracycline (TC), was evaluated. The catalysts effectively induced rapid OH radical production from H2O2, had a degradation rate of as high as 88.3 % for 20 mg/L TC solution, and were highly stable and adaptable to aqueous environments. Free radicals and intermediates in the catalytic degradation process were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and possible catalytic degradation pathways were analyzed. The catalytic dissociation behavior of H2O2 in the presence of different catalysts was studied in depth and compared with that of similar metal-organic framework materials through density-functional theory calculations. Results demonstrated the excellent performance of the PS-NH2@CoMOF catalysts. Finally, the catalysts' potential for use in practical engineering applications was evaluated with a flow column experimental model, and the results were more than satisfactory. Therefore, the use of the catalysts to degrade TC has great potential.

Piperacillin­tazobactam­induced myocardial injury with heart failure: A case report.

Piperacillin-tazobactam is a clinically used antibiotic consisting of the semisynthetic penicillin piperacillin and the ß-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Piperacillin-tazobactam is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used clinically to treat infections caused by gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The most common adverse reactions are gastrointestinal symptoms and skin reactions. There have been a few reported cases of possible drug hypersensitivity, with thrombocytopenia as the most commonly observed adverse event. The present article reported a rare case of myocardial injury with heart failure following treatment of pneumonia with piperacillin-tazobactam in a 75-year-old female patient. Specifically, this patient presented with fever, chills, flushing and tachypnea, in addition to elevated leukocyte, neutrophil, cardiac enzyme and brain natriuretic peptide levels. This patient also presented with a mild ST-segment elevation on the electrocardiogram following piperacillin-tazobactam treatment. Improvements in the aforementioned adverse reactions were observed and the underlying infection didn't come back following the discontinuation of piperacillin-tazobactam treatment. Therefore, the present observations suggest that piperacillin-tazobactam may have induced myocardial injury and heart failure. Possible occurrence of similar adverse reactions in the heart should be considered before choosing piperacillin-tazobactam as treatment in clinical practice.

Preparation and study of straw porous biochar with aromatic ring structure for adsorption performance and mechanism toward TNT red water.

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) production processes generate a substantial amount of toxic wastewater. Therefore, it is crucial to identify efficient and sustainable methods for treating this wastewater. This paper explores the application of sustainable biomass-derived carbon produced from rice straw for the adsorption of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water. The rice straw-derived biochar (SBC) materials were synthesized by two-step reactions through hydrothermal carbonization and chemical activation with KOH. Characterization of the fabricated biochar was conducted using various techniques. Here, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was used as an evaluation index for adsorption efficiency. The adsorption kinetics showed a good fit with the pseudo-second-order model, and the adsorption equilibrium was achieved in 30 min. The biochar's high surface area (1319 m2/g) and large pore volume (1.058 cm3/g) gave it a large adsorption capacity. The Langmuir model exhibited better correlation for equilibrium data analysis, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 173.9 mg/g at 298 K. The SBC was found to have a high removal effect over a wide pH range (from 1 to 13) and showed remarkable stability after undergoing five desorption-adsorption cycles using ethanol and acetone as eluent. The results provide a simple and low-cost method for the efficient treatment of TNT red water.

Evaluating the inhibitory effects of Nitrobenzene short-term stress on denitrification performance: Electron behaviors, bacterial and fungal community.

Denitrifying system is a feasible way to remove nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) in wastewater. However, the toxicity and mechanisms of NACs to denitrification remain unknown. This study investigated effects of nitrobenzene (NB, a typical NAC) on denitrification in short term. Results showed that NB in 10-50 mg/L groups decreased NO3--N removal efficiency by 9%-24%, but increased nitrous oxide (N2O) generation by 6-17fold. Mechanistic research indicated that NB could deteriorate electron behaviors and disturbed enzyme activities of microbial metabolism and denitrification, leading to a decline in denitrification performance. Structural equation modeling revealed that N2O reductase activity was the core factor in predicting denitrification performance at exposure of NB, with the indirect effects of NADH and electron transport system activity. High-throughput sequencing analysis demonstrated that NB had made an alteration on both bacterial and fungal community structure, as well as their interactions.

Comparative safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

The safety of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors in elderly patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is still controversial. This study aimed to analyze the safety of SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and DKD. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library from inception to March 2023. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Data including patient characteristics and interesting outcomes were extracted, and the dichotomous data and continuous variables were evaluated using risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and mean difference (MD) with 95% CIs, respectively. A total of 14 RCTs with 59874 participants were finally included. There were 38,252 males (63.9%) and 21,622 females (36.1%). The patients' mean age was > 64.6 years. SGLT2 inhibitors could delay the further decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) when eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (MD: 2.36; 95%CI [1.15-3.57]). SGLT2 inhibitors in elderly patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2 (RR: 0.86; 95%CI [0.67-1.11]) may have a relatively increased risk of acute kidney injury compared to eGFR ≥ 60 ml/min/1.73m2. SGLT2 inhibitors increased the incidence of genital mycotic infections (RR: 3.47; 95%CI [2.97-4.04]) and diabetic ketoacidosis (RR: 2.25; 95%CI [1.57-3.24]). Except for genital mycotic infections and diabetic ketoacidosis, other adverse reactions were few, indicating that SGLT2 inhibitors are relatively safe for elderly patients with T2DM and DKD. Safety and renoprotection may be diminished when SGLT2 inhibitors are used in elderly patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m2.

Activated sludge process enabling highly efficient removal of heavy metal in wastewater.

Activated sludge process was a low-cost alternative method compared to the conventional physicochemical process for the treatment of heavy metal-containing wastewater. In the present study, the removal efficiency of Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ from wastewater by a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) activated sludge system was investigated, and the mechanism was revealed by static adsorption experiment of activated sludge. The results showed that the activated sludge in the SBR system was effective in removing Pb2+ and Cu2+ from wastewater at 10 mg·L-1 initial concentration, with a removal efficiency of 83.1 ~ 90.0% for Pb2+ and 74.3 ~ 80.6% for Cu2+, respectively. However, the removal efficiency for Ni2+ was only 0 ~ 6.2%. Static adsorption experiments showed that the adsorption capacity of activated sludge for three heavy metals was shown as Pb2+ > Cu2+ > Ni2+. When the initial concentration was 20 mg·L-1, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of activated sludge for Pb2+, Cu2+, and Ni2+ was 18.35 mg·g-1, 17.06 mg·g-1, and 8.37 mg·g-1, respectively. The main adsorption mechanisms for Pb2+ and Cu2+ were ligand exchange, electrostatic adsorption, and surface organic complexation processes, but Ni2+ removal mechanism mainly included electrostatic adsorption and surface organic complexation processes, showing that Ni2+ removal was inhibited in the presence of Pb2+ and Cu2+. The physicochemical properties and microbial diversity of activated sludge were greatly affected by the heavy metals in the SBR system, and genus Rhodobacter was found to be dominant bacteria enabling resistance to heavy metal ions.

The efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine treating diabetic cardiomyopathy: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, secondary to diabetes, is the main cause of death in patients with diabetes. In China, traditional Chinese medicine has achieved good performance in treating diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, to date, no systematic review or meta-analysis has been published on the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy by traditional Chinese medicine. METHODS: This study strictly followed the preferred guidelines for systematic review. Two researchers searched seven databases: EMbase, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and WANFANG Database. The retrieval time limit ranged from the establishment of the database to August 2022. All clinical randomized controlled trials that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in this study. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3. RESULTS: This study analyzed the clinical efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence-based medical evidence for the clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of diabetic heart disease in the future.

The Construction and Analysis of a ceRNA Network Related to Salt-Sensitivity Hypertensives.

Background: Salt-sensitivity hypertensives (SSH) are an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, the mechanism of SSH is not clear. This study is aimed at constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network related to SSH. Methods: Data sets were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO) to extract data on salt sensitivity RNA of patients with or without hypertensives in GSE135111. Firstly, we analyzed differentially expressed genes (DEGs, log2FC ≥ 0.5 and P < 0.05) and differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs, log2FC ≥1 and P<0.05) between SSH and salt-sensitive normotension (SSN). Then, the gene ontology (GO), KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and PPI network construction of DEGs were performed, and the hub genes in the PPI network by cytoHubba (12 methods) were screened out. Finally, a ceRNA network was constructed based on lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA pairs and hub genes. Results: 163 DEGs and 65 DELs were screened out. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses of DEGs were mainly enriched in metabolism (e.g., insulin secretion and cellular response to glucagon stimulus and peptidyl-tyrosine dephosphorylation,) and plasma membrane signaling (e.g., cell adhesion and chemical synaptic transmission and integral component of membrane). Additionally, a ceRNA network, including 1 mRNA (EGLN3), 2 miRNAs (hsa-miR-17-5p and hsa-miR-20b-5p), and 1 lncRNA (C1orf143) was successfully constructed. Conclusions: In conclusion, the proposed ceRNA network may help elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which lncRNAs function as ceRNAs and contribute to the pathogenesis of SSH. Importantly, candidate lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs can be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic targets for SSH.

The mechanism of efficient photoreduction nitrate over anatase TiO2 in simulated sunlight.

Revealing the activation mechanism of nitrate (NO3-) reduction is crucially important to design high-efficiency photocatalysts for NO3- removal. In this work, the performance of photoreduction NO3- has been thoroughly studied over different crystalline phases TiO2. Photodegradation rate of NO3- over anatase TiO2 is found to be higher than that of rutile TiO2 at simulated sunlight, which can achieve high NO3- conversion of 94% and 100% nitrogen selectivity (original concentration of 50 mg/L NO3--N) at reaction time of 4 h. With the aid of in situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the possible reaction paths of photoreduction NO3- over anatase TiO2 was verified from theory and practice sides. NO3- was adsorbed on surface Ti site to form bridging nitrate (M - O)2NO model. Then, monodentate nitrite (M-O-N-O) model was the dominant intermediate in the reduction process of NO3-. This study presents a new opinion of photoreduction NO3- reaction paths.

Pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor (DPP-4i) is a common hypoglycemic medication in treating type 2 diabetes millitus. It has become widely utilized in clinical practice due to its ability to effectively manage blood glucose while posing a low risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. However, there is no consensus on DPP-4i's pancreatic safety due to a paucity of clinical evidence. The safe event appears to be easily overlooked. This review aims to evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4i in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the standard pairwise and network meta-analysis methods. METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials will be used to search for published literature on the pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus, and clinical trial registries will be used to look for unpublished trials. Two independent reviewers will screen literature for eligibility, extract available data, and assess the risk of bias. All divergences will be resolved after rechecking the source papers and further discussion among the reviewers with a complete consensus before inclusion. The risk of bias will be assessed by the Cochrane bias risk tool, and the quality of evidence will be interpreted by the GRADE Working Group approach. We will use STATA16.0 and WinBUGS1.4.3 for paired meta-analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis. RESULTS: This study will evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes millitus. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and network meta-analysis will evaluate the pancreatic safety of DPP-4i in patients with type 2 diabetes millitus. The findings of this study may supplement the evidence-based information on DPP-4i, improve existing understanding of this issue, and assist patients and clinicians in making better treatment decisions by raising their awareness of the problem. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202230014.

Heavy metal-contained wastewater in China: Discharge, management and treatment.

A large amount of heavy metal-contained wastewater (HMW) was discharged during Chinese industry development, which has caused many environmental problems. This study reviewed discharge, management and treatment of HMW in China through collecting and analyzing data from China's official statistical yearbook, standards, technical specifications, government reports, case reports, and research paper. Results showed that industry wastewater discharged by an amount of about 221.6 × 108 t (in 2012), where emission of heavy metals including Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr(VI), T-Cr was around 388.4 t (in 2012). Heavy metal emission with wastewater in east China and central south China was observed to be graver than that in other areas. However, control of heavy metals in Pb and Cd in northwest China was more difficult compared with other areas. In terms of management, China's government has issued many wastewater discharge standards, strict management policies for controlling HMW discharge in recent years, resulting in reduced HMW discharge. In addition, main HMW treatment technology in China was chemical precipitation, and other technologies such as membrane separation, adsorption, ion exchange, electrochemical and biological methods were also occasionally applied. In the future, chemical industries will be concentrated in northwest China, therefore control of HMW discharge should be paid much more attention in those areas. In addition, more effective and environment-friendly heavy metal removal and regeneration technologies should be developed, such as biomaterials adsorbent.

Treatment of dairy wastewater by immobilized microbial technology using polyurethane foam as carrier.

The development of dairy industry is accompanied by large volumes of wastewater production, which is threaten to human's health and the biosphere. In this study, synthetic dairy wastewater was treated by immobilized microbial technology using polyurethane foam as carrier. Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different operational parameters, and an up-flow immobilized microbial reactor was built to investigate long-term performance of the system. Batch experiments showed that COD, TN and NH3-N dropped from 1932, 51.33 and 51.42 mg·L-1 to 75.3, 5.17 and 4.54 mg·L-1 after 48 h, respectively, at the optimum conditions (25 °C, pH 6.0). Besides, the reactor can remove 97.33% of COD, 96.46% of TN and 99.55% of NH3-N with HRT of 24 h, which the average volume load was 1.93 kg COD·(m3·d)-1. The analysis of microbial community determined that dominant bacteria at genus level were Acinetobacter, Fusibacter, Nannocystis and norank _f_NS9_marine_group.

Network pharmacology-based investigation of potential targets of astragalus membranaceous-angelica sinensis compound acting on diabetic nephropathy.

To explore the mechanism of the Astragalus membranaceous (AM)-Angelica sinensis (AS) compound in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN) we used network pharmacology and molecular docking. Screen the components and targets of the AM-AS compound in the TCMSP and the BATMAN-TCM, and establish a component-target interaction network by Cytoscape 3.7.2. After searching relevant targets of DN in related databases, the common targets of the AM-AS compound and DN were obtained by comparison. Gene ontology (GO) analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed through David database. Molecular docking was performed by PyMoL2.3.0 and AutoDock Vina software. After screening, 142 main targets of the AM-AS compound in the treatment of DN have been identified. Target network was established and the topology of PPI network was analyzed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis shows that these targets are related to apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, insulin resistance, etc. Molecular docking shows that the target proteins have good combinations with the main active components of the AM-AS compound. AM-AS compound may treat DN by acting on VEGFA, TP53, IL-6, TNF, MARK1, etc., and regulate apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, glucose, and lipid metabolism processes. The in vivo study results suggest that AM-AS compound can significantly reduce the FBG level of diabetic rats, increase the level of INS, improve renal functions, reduce urinary proteins, inhibit glycogen deposition, granulocyte infiltration and collagen fiber proliferation in renal tissue, and restrain the progress of DN. In vivo study combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking methods provides new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatments of DN.

Insight into the role of extracellular polymeric substances in denitrifying biofilms under nitrobenzene exposure.

Denitrifying biofilm promises to be very useful for remediation of nitro-aromatic compounds (NACs) and nitrates in wastewater. Little is known about the role of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in nitrobenzene (NB, a typical NAC) remediation, despite the indispensability of EPS for biofilm formation. Herein, the significance of the mechanistic role of EPS in the response of denitrifying biofilms to various levels of NB was investigated. The removal of NB was predominantly controlled via absorption, with little biodegradation during the short-term exposure. Specifically, NB was adsorbed by EPS, as shown by a total adsorption of 40.06% at the initial step, which declined to around 10.52% in the equilibrium stage, while sorption via cells gradually increased from 59.93% to 89.47% over the same period. The results suggested that EPS might act as an important reservoir for NB, which endows inner cells with increased adsorption ability. The presence of EPS might also alleviate the negative impacts of NB toxicity on inner cells, thus protecting microorganisms. This was indicated by the difference in denitrification performance and cell integrity between intact and EPS-free biofilms. High-throughput sequencing data demonstrated that EPS could maintain the stability of microbial communities under NB stress. The fluorescence quenching analysis further indicated that EPS formed stable complexes with NB mainly through hydrophobic interactions with protein-like fractions (tryptophan and tyrosine). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy identified that the hydroxyl, amino, carboxyl, and phosphate groups of EPS were the candidate functional groups binding with NB. Protein secondary structures were also significantly affected, resulting in a loose structure and enhanced hydrophobic performance for EPS. These results provide insights into the role of EPS in alleviating NB-caused cellular stress and the underlying binding mechanisms between NB and EPS.

Preparation of EDTA-modified magnetic attapulgite chitosan gel bead adsorbent for the removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II).

Attapulgite (ATP) has a unique porous layered chain structure and is an excellent environment-friendly decolorizer. However, its high viscosity makes it difficult to separate. First, it was combined with magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles to obtain Fe3O4-ATP that is easy to recycle and reuse. Then, Fe3O4-ATP nanoparticles were embedded in chitosan (CS) gel beads, and glutaraldehyde was used for cross-linking and curing. Lastly, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was successfully connected to Fe3O4-ATP/CS gel beads through amidation reaction, which further increased the capability of the adsorbent to adsorb heavy metal ions. The prepared magnetic composite adsorbent is a sphere with a rough surface and porous structure. The maximum adsorption capacity of the prepared Fe3O4-ATP/EDTA/CS adsorbent for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Ni(II) is 368.32, 267.94, and 220.31 mg g-1, respectively. After 5 times of repeated use, Fe3O4-ATP/EDTA/CS still showed good adsorption capacity for Cu(II), Pb(II), and Ni(II). Fe3O4-ATP/EDTA/CS has a large adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions, a wide pH applicability, good reuse, and rapid magnetic separation. In addition, Cu(II) loaded Fe3O4-ATP/EDTA/CS also showed good catalytic degradation performance for bisphenol A. This study prepared a new type of adsorbent with good adsorption performance and provided a promising method for the treatment of wastewater.

Domestic wastewater infiltration process in desert sandy soil and its irrigation prospect analysis.

Although domestic wastewater and its reclaimed water are alternative water resources in arid region, investigation of their negative effect must be done to prevent environmental pollution. In this paper, a short-term column experiment was conducted to simulate the infiltration process of wastewater in desert soil. Alfalfa was planted and irrigated with fresh water for control (CK), tertiary treated domestic wastewater (TTW), secondary treated domestic wastewater (STW) and raw domestic wastewater untreated (RW). The effect of wastewater application on desert soil, drainage and plant properties was evaluated. Experimental results demonstrated that the tested desert soil has no soil structure, organic matter, nor microbial community while possess high infiltration rate. The use of wastewater significantly improved plant growth, and the biomass of TTW, RW, STW were 5.5, 4.3, 2.9 times of CK. The infiltration rate of water in bare soil was high (high to low: TTW, CK, RW, STW), while plant growth reduced infiltration rate (ca. 40% with TTW and RW). Wastewater irrigation and plant growth decreased soil zeta potential, while increased formation of aggregates and bacterial abundance and diversity in soil. Top soil (0-30 cm) accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), organic matter and E. coli was evidenced and all could go down to deep soil and drainage with constant wastewater use. It was concluded that domestic wastewater had big potential in desert soil vegetation recovering and function restoration. Nevertheless, the N, salt, P and organic matter and E. coli in wastewater could give rise to desert soil and groundwater contamination if improper treatment was used.

Application of Ti/IrO2 electrode in the electrochemical oxidation of the TNT red water.

Via the thermal sintering, a nanocrystalline IrO2 coating was formed on the Ti substrate to successfully prepare a Ti/IrO2 electrode. Based on the electrochemical analysis, the prepared Ti/IrO2 electrode was found to have powerful oxidation effect on the organics in the TNT red water, where the nitro compound was oxidized through an irreversible electrochemical process at 0.6 V vs. SCE. According to the analysis of the nitro compound content, the UV-vis spectra, and the FTIR spectra of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water with electrolytic periods, the degradation mechanism of the dinitrotoluene sulfonate (DNTS) was developed. And the intermediates were characterized by UPLC-HRMS. The DNTS mainly occurred one electron transfer reaction on the Ti/IrO2 electrode. At the early stage of the electrolysis, the polymerization of DNTS was mainly dominated. The generated polymer did not form a polymer film on the electrode surface, but instead it promoted a further reduction. After electrolyzing for 30 h, all NO2 function group in the TNT red water was degraded completely.