[Photodegradation of Plastic Blends in Seawater and Its Risk to the Marine Environment].

The production and use of plastic blends have been gradually increasing owing to their versatility and low cost. However, the photodegradation of plastic blends in seawater and the potential risk to the marine environment are still not well understood. In this study, plastic blends including polypropylene/thermoplastic starch blends(PP/TPS) and polylactic acid/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch blends(PLA/PBAT/TPS) were investigated. The corresponding neat polymers, namely polypropylene(PP) and polylactic acid(PLA), were set as control groups. We investigated the formation of MPs and the changes in the physicochemical properties of plastic blends after photodegradation in seawater. The size distribution of MPs indicated that PP/TPS and PLA/PBAT/TPS were more likely to produce small-sized particles after photodegradation than PP and PLA owing to their poorer mechanical properties and lower resistance to UV irradiation. Noticeable surface morphology alterations, including cracks and wrinkles, were observed for plastic blends following photodegradation, whereas PP and PLA were relatively resistant. After photodegradation, the ATR-FTIR spectrum of PP/TPS and PLA/PBAT/TPS showed a significant decrease in the characteristic bands of thermoplastic starch(TPS), indicating the degradation of their starch fractions. The C 1s spectra demonstrated that aged plastic blends contained fewer -OH groups than the pristine MPs did, further confirming the photodegradation of TPS. These results indicate that PP/TPS and PLA/PBAT/TPS had a higher degree of photodegradation than PP and PLA and thereby generated more small-sized MPs. In summary, plastic blends may pose a higher risk to the marine environment than neat polymers, and caution should be taken in the production and use of plastic blends.

[Relationship Between the Changes of Regulatory T Cells and Th17 Cells and the Prognosis of Children with Aplastic Anemia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the of regulatory T cells, Th17 cells and the prognosis of children with aplastic anemia. METHODS: The clinical data 13 children with aplastic anemia (AA) treated by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) combined with Cyclosporine in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2017 to January 2018 were analyized retrospectively. The changes of T cell and Th17 cell expression level in peripheral blood of AA children before and after IST for 6 and 12 month were compared and analyzed. The SPSS 19.0 statistical package was used for data analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the pre-IST, the expression level of Treg cells decreased at 6 months of IST, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05); however the expression level of Th17 cells did not show significant difference as compared with that pre-IST. The expression level of Treg and Th17 cells at 12 months of IST was lower than that pre-IST (P＜0.01), compared with the level pre-IST, the ratio of Treg cells/Th17 cell at 6 months and 12 months of IST did not show a singificand difference. CONCLUSION: Treg cells and Th17 cells in peripheral blood of AA children decrease after IST, which suggests that the change of regulatory T cells and Th17 cells correlate with the clinical outcome of children with aplastic anemia.

Better efficacy in differentiating WHO grade II from III oligodendrogliomas with machine-learning than radiologist's reading from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced and fluid attenuated inversion recovery images.

BACKGROUND: The medical imaging to differentiate World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (ODG2) from III (ODG3) oligodendrogliomas still remains a challenge. We investigated whether combination of machine leaning with radiomics from conventional T1 contrast-enhanced (T1 CE) and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offered superior efficacy. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with histologically confirmed ODGs underwent T1 CE and 33 of them underwent FLAIR MR examination before any intervention from January 2015 to July 2017 were retrospectively recruited in the current study. The volume of interest (VOI) covering the whole tumor enhancement were manually drawn on the T1 CE and FLAIR slice by slice using ITK-SNAP and a total of 1072 features were extracted from the VOI using 3-D slicer software. Random forest (RF) algorithm was applied to differentiate ODG2 from ODG3 and the efficacy was tested with 5-fold cross validation. The diagnostic efficacy of radiomics-based machine learning and radiologist's assessment were also compared. RESULTS: Nineteen ODG2 and 17 ODG3 were included in this study and ODG3 tended to present with prominent necrosis and nodular/ring-like enhancement (P < 0.05). The AUC, ACC, sensitivity, and specificity of radiomics were 0.798, 0.735, 0.672, 0.789 for T1 CE, 0.774, 0.689, 0.700, 0.683 for FLAIR, as well as 0.861, 0.781, 0.778, 0.783 for the combination, respectively. The AUCs of radiologists 1, 2 and 3 were 0.700, 0.687, and 0.714, respectively. The efficacy of machine learning based on radiomics was superior to the radiologists' assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Machine-learning based on radiomics of T1 CE and FLAIR offered superior efficacy to that of radiologists in differentiating ODG2 from ODG3.

Perfusion, Diffusion, Or Brain Tumor Barrier Integrity: Which Represents The Glioma Features Best?

PURPOSE: This study aims to incorporate informative histogram indicator analyses and advanced multimodal MRI parameters to differentiate low-grade gliomas (LGGs) from high-grade gliomas (HGGs) and to explore the features associated with patients' survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 120 patients with pathologically confirmed LGGs or HGGs receiving conventional and advanced MRI such as three-dimensional arterial spin labeling (3D-ASL), intravoxel incoherent motion-diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI), and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) were included. The mean and histogram indicators from advanced MRI were calculated from the entire tumor. The efficacies of a single indicator or multiple parameters were tested in distinguishing HGGs from LGGs and predicting patients' survival. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and multivariable stepwise logistic regression were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacies. Leave-one-out cross-validation was further used to validate the accuracy of the parameter sets in glioma grading. Log-rank test using the Kaplan-Meier curve was utilized to predict patients' survival. RESULTS: Overall, parameters from DCE-MRI performed better than those from 3D-ASL or IVIM-DWI in both glioma grading and survival prediction. The histogram metrics of Ve were demonstrated to have higher accuracies (the accuracies for Extended Tofts_Ve mean and Extended Tofts_Ve median were 68.33% and 71.67%, respectively, while those for the Incremental_Ve mean and Incremental_Ve 75th were 68.33% and 72.50%, respectively) in grading LGGs from HGGs. The combination of Tofts_Ve histogram metrics was the one with the highest accuracy (81.67%) and area under ROC curve (AUC = 0.840). On the other hand, Patlak_Ktrans 95th (AUC = 0.9265) and Extended Tofts_Ve 95th (AUC = 0.9154) performed better than their corresponding means (Patlak_Ktrans mean: AUC = 0.9118 and Extended Tofts_Ve mean: AUC = 0.9044) in predicting patients' overall survival (OS) at 18-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: DCE-MRI-derived histogram features from the entire tumor were promising metrics for glioma grading and OS prediction. Combining single modal histogram features improved glioma grading. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02622620.

Mycoplasma contamination-mediated attenuation of plasmid DNA transfection efficiency is augmented via L-arginine deprivation in HEK-293 cells.

Mycoplasma infection is the most prevalent contamination in cell culture. Analysis of cell culture in laboratories from different countries shows that mycoplasma contamination ranges from 15% to 80% and, in some cases, even reaches 100% (Chernov et al., 2014). Whilst mycoplasma infection is not visible to the naked eye in cell culture, the consequences of mycoplasma contamination have been shown to induce a number of cellular changes, for example, increased resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, any results obtained from tissue culture studies, in the presence of mycoplasma contamination, potentially render the data invalid (Kim et al., 2015; Gedye et al., 2016). As such, mycoplasmas are not harmless bystanders and cannot be ignored in in vitro studies.

[Analysis of Clinical Pathological Features and Prognosis in Young Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical pathological features of the patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their prognostic factors. METHODS: The prognosis of the clinical pathological features and their influence on prognosis of 177 patients diagnosed as DLBCL at the first visit from January 2013 to May 2017 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: The univariate analysis showed that overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were associated with later Ann Arbor stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) ( P＜0.01, P＜0.05), high performance status (ECOG score 2-4) (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), extranodal involvement ＞1 (P＜0.01, P＜0.05), elevated LDH level (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). B symptom (P＜0.05) and elevated ß2-MG level (P＜0.05) also influenced OS. COX multivariate analysis showed that the elevated ß2-MG level (P＜0.05) and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) have an independent influence on OS, later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) (P＜0.05) also independently influenced PFS. The patients with high aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment had poor OS (P＜0.01, P＜0.01) and PFS (P＜0.05, P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Elevated ß2-MG level can independently influence OS, and later stage (Ⅲ-Ⅳ) can independently influence both OS and PFS. High aaIPI score (2-3) and bone marrow involvement before treatment have an inferior influence on OS and PFS.

Incidence and radiological pattern of eosinophilic granuloma: a retrospective study in a Chinese tertiary hospital.

BACKGROUND: The incidence and radiological patterns of eosinophilic granuloma (EG) in China is not clear. We described the incidence, presentation, and imaging characteristics of Chinese EG patients in a tertiary hospital. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed from January 2004 to October 2017 at a single tertiary general hospital. Seventy-six patients were pathologically identified as EG. Besides, 60 patients with preoperative imaging diagnosis of "EG" were analyzed to reveal the radiological patterns and their diagnostic power. RESULTS: Fifty-three male and 23 female EG patients with a mean age of 18.1 ± 16.7 years (range 1-58 years) were retrospectively included. Significant differences were observed in gender (male to female = 2.3:1) and age (the highest incidence at the age of 0~5 years) for EG. EG predominantly involved the skeletal system: flat bones (31.43%) > irregular bones (24.76%) > long bones (22.86%) > other organs (20.95%). No obvious relationships between season, biochemical markers, and EG incidence were observed. The common presenting symptoms were pain followed with local mass, and most patients underwent surgical resection. Among 60 imagingly diagnosed "EG" patients from April 2009 to October 2017, only 22 were with histological confirmation. The correct diagnosis rates were 37.1% (13 out of 35), 16.7% (5 out of 30), and 22.2% (8 out of 36) for plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese EG has a varied presentation, age distribution, and gender difference. EG diagnosis is still based on biopsy or histopathology instead of imaging techniques.

Outcome of Rituximab-Based Treatment for Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience.

BACKGROUND Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a rare complication following solid organ transplantation and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT), which gives rise to high mortality rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a single-center retrospective analysis based on 27 patients who were diagnosed with PTLD following Allo-HSCT between January 1, 2007 and June 2018 at the Chinese PLA General Hospital. The purpose of this analysis was to investigate responses and prognostic factors of rituximab-based treatment. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients were treated with rituximab. Among them, 20 of 27 patients (74.07%) had a complete response, 2 of 27 patients (7.41%) had a partial response, 5 of 27 patients (18.52%) had no response, and 22 of 27 patients (81.48%) cleared Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) copies. There were no obvious side effects. The 1-year overall survival (OS) estimate was 46.8% (95% CI, 23.1-65.5%). Univariate analysis revealed that lower OS was correlated with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score standard (3-4), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load (≥106 copies/mL), bacteria or fungal infection, and EBV reactivation were positive after treatment with 1 or 2 doses of rituximab (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that each of the following were independently associated with lower OS (P<0.05): female, ECOG score standard (3-4), and EBV reactivation were positive after treatment with 1 or 2 doses of rituximab. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that rituximab-based treatment was a safe and effective strategy for patients who were diagnosed with PTLD following Allo-HSCT. The identified prognostic factors may help to detect which PTLD patients are at a higher risk of mortality.

Efficacy and Safety of Antigen-specific Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Patients with Non-small-cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the efficacy and safety of antigen-specific immunotherapy (Belagenpumatucel-L, MAGE-A3, L-BLP25, and TG4010) in the treatment of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A comprehensive literature search on PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted. Eligible studies were clinical trials of patients with NSCLC who received the antigenspecific immunotherapy. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated for overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS). Pooled risk ratios (RRs) were calculated for overall response rate (ORR) and the incidence of adverse events. RESULTS: In total, six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 4,806 patients were included. Pooled results showed that, antigen-specific immunotherapy did not significantly prolong OS (HR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.83, 1.01; P=0.087) and PFS (HR=0.93, 95%CI: 0.85, 1.01; P=0.088), but improved ORR (RR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.11, 2.68; P=0.016). Subgroup analysis based on treatment agents showed that, tecemotide was associated with a significant improvement in OS (HR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.74, 0.99; P=0.03) and PFS (HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.49, 0.99, P=0.044); TG4010 was associated with an improvement in PFS (HR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.75, 1.00, P=0.058). In addition, NSCLC patients who were treated with antigen-specific immunotherapy exhibited a significantly higher incidence of adverse events than those treated with other treatments (RR=1.11, 95%CI: 1.00, 1.24; P=0.046). CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated the clinical survival benefits of tecemotide and TG4010 in the treatment of NSCLC. However, these evidence might be limited by potential biases. Therefore, further well-conducted, large-scale RCTs are needed to verify our findings.

[Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Modified NK Cells in Multiple Myeloma].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the killing effect of CAR (CD138-CD28-CD3ζ)-NK cells on myeloma cells through construction of CAR(CD138-CD28-CD3)-NK cells. METHODS: The antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3 zeta plasmid pcDNA3.1 was constructed, which then together with 3 plasmid lentiviral packaging system were transfected into 293T cells, the virus was collected. Furthermore, in order to get the stably transfected cell line, the NK92MI cell line was infected by the virus, then the positive cells were screened by puromycin. The expression of the CARNK cells were verified by RT-PCR and Western blot. At last the ability of secreting cytokine CD107a was detected by flow cytometry, and the statistical analysis was carried out to verify the anti-myeloma effect of CAR-NK cells. RESULTS: Gene fragment of the CAR(antiCD138scFv-CD28-CD3ζ) was constructed successfully by gene engineering technique in vitro, and the gene sequence was verified to be correct by sequencing. By virus packaging technology, the virus expressing the protein of the CAR was obtained. PCR and Western blot verified the expression of CAR fusion protein on the sufurce of NK cells. The cell killing experiment confirmed that the CAR-NK cells possessed the ability to secrete cytokine CD107a superior to control cells and showed the obvious killing effect on multiple myeloma cells. CONCLUSION: The CAR can be constructed in vitro, and express on NK92 cells. The CAR-NK cells can kill the multiple myeloma cells expressing CD138 antigen, thereby plays an antimyeloma effect.

[Ascending input from dorsal nuclei of lateral lemniscus mediates the plasticity of inferior colliculus neurons in mice].

The auditory system has the ability to adjust its structure and function as the environment changes, which is called auditory plasticity. In the auditory system, inferior colliculus (IC) is an important relay station, which accepts the ascending inputs from dorsal nuclei of lateral lemniscus (DNLL). The present study was aimed to investigate the role of the DNLL in the formation of the plasticity of IC neurons. Here, we used extracellular single unit recording and electrical stimulation to investigate the plasticity of IC neurons in Kunming mice. The results showed that after the cessation of 30-minute electrical stimulation on contralateral DNLL, 95% of the inhibited IC neurons and 86% of the facilitated IC neurons showed plastic changes. Moreover, 1 h after the contralateral DNLL stimulation was stopped, the plastic changes in 74% of the inhibited IC neurons vanished, but still were maintained in 26% of the inhibited IC neurons. These results suggest that the contralateral DNLL ascending input can induce plastic changes of IC neurons, and this kind of effect can be maintained for a certain period of time, which is beneficial to enhance the sound intensity sensitivity of IC neurons.

[Establishment of A20 Murine B Lymphoma Transplantation Model Labeled with Luciferase].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the animal model of luciferase-transfected A20 murine B cell lymphoma, so as to provide experimental tools to explore the effect of graft versus tumor. METHODS: Luciferase- labeled A20 cells were cloned with puromycin selection. Transfected A20 cells and C57BL/6 bone marrow were inoculated into the irradiated BALB/c mice by injection in tailvein to establish the transplantation model. The bioluminescent imaging technique was used to monitor the tumor growth, and then the survival, body weight, tumor formation and pathological characteristics of target organs were observed. RESULTS: A20 cell line stably expressing luciferase gene was successfully obtained. The the bioluminicent imaging found that the tumor luminescence could be observed on day 8 of A20 cell inoculation, and the mean fluorescent intensity was increased along with the tumor growth. Compared with the BMT group, the survival rate and body weight of BMT+A20-Luc+ mice were decreased significantly. General anatomy showed the tumor mainly formed in the liver and spleen. CONCLUSION: A mouse transplantation model with luciferase- transfected A20 cells has been successfully established, thus laying a foundation for investigation of graft-versus-tumor.

[Effect of G-CSF in vitro Stimulation on Distribution of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in the Healthy Persons].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in vitro stimulation on the distribution of lymphocyte subset in healthy human. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) were collected from 8 healthy volunteers by density gradient centrifugation on Ficoll-PaqueTM. In vitro 200 ng/ml G-CSF or 200 ng/ml G-CSF plus 10 µg/ml ConA directly act on PBMNCs, then the colleted cells were cultivated for 3 days. Lymphocyte subsets were stained with the corresponding fluoresce labeled antibodies and detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The levels of T cells in G-CSF group and G-CSF+ConA group were both higher than that in the control group (P<0.001, P<0.05). However, there were not significantly different in B cells and NK cells levels among the 3 groups. Furthermore, analysis of the effect of G-CSF on T cell subsets indicated that the levels of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in G-CSF group were both significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05), Treg cells was not different between G-CSF and control group. Compared with the control group, the level of CD4+T cells, CD8+T cells and Treg cells in G-CSF+ConA group significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01). Analysis of G-CSF receptor (G-CSFR) expression showed that G-CSFR expression on T cells in G-CSF+ConA group dramatically increased, as compared with control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The levels of CD4+T cells and CD8+T cells in healthy human peripheral blood can be increased by G-CSF stimulation. ConA can enhance the level of T cells and induce G-CSFR expression on T cells.

Erratum: MicroRNA-137 inhibits cell migration and invasion by targeting bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP7) in non-small cell lung cancer cells.

[This corrects the article on p. 10847 in vol. 8, PMID: 26617798.].

Incidence and clinical variable inter-relationships of thymic epithelial tumors in northwest China.

BACKGROUND: Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are the most common primary thymus tumors, but neither the possible ethnical/regional differences in the incidence of TETs nor the inter-relationships among the clinical variables has been revealed in northwest China. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed among pathologically confirmed TET patients from January 2004 to December 2015 in a tertiary general hospital of northwest China and the incidence, clinical features and the inter-relationships among clinical variables were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 603 pathologically confirmed TETs patients (age range, 5-78 years; 308 males) were enrolled and the most common lesion location was anterior mediastinum (98.5%), among them, 192 (31.8%) had myasthenia gravis (MG). Twenty-six (5.7%), 112 (24.6%), 83 (18.2%), 137 (30.1%), 74 (16.3%), and 23 (5.1%) patients fell into the World Health Organization (WHO) type A, AB, B1, B2, B3 and thymic carcinoma (TC), respectively. The incidence of TETs was slightly higher in the female population and the age group of 40-60 years old. In addition, MG predominantly coexisted with WHO types A-B3 TETs and the TETs with MG were smaller than those without MG. The correct diagnosis rates were 42.3% (77 out of 182), 61.1% (127 out of 208), 89.3% (250 out of 280) and 75.0% (3 out of 4) for chest X-ray, non-contrast computed tomography (CT), contrast CT scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Distinct gender and age differences exist in the incidence of TETs and the A-B3 TETs are closely related with MG. Contrast CT scan plays more important role in diagnosing TETs.

Effect of hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy on the malignant pleural mesothelioma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surgery-based multimodality therapies have been used to control the malignant effusion and its recurrence in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Hyperthermic intrathoracic chemotherapy (HITHOC) has been used in the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma, but the results were controversial. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effect of HITHOC on MPM therapy. After thorough searching of online databases, total 21 articles were included into qualitative systematic review and 5 of them were used to conduct qualitative meta-analysis. It was found that most of HITHOC was used in combination of surgical resection including extrapleural pneumonectomy or pleurectomy/decortication. Patients who received HITHOC had significantly longer median survival length compared to the patients without HITHOC (Hedges's g = 0.384 ± 0.105, 95% CI: 0.178∼0.591, P < 0.001). In addition, HITHOC as palliative therapy was favored (Hedges's g = 0.591 ± 0.201, 95% CI: 0.196∼0.967, P < 0.001) in terms of recurrence free interval. The findings of the current study suggested that HITHOC is one of the safe and effective therapies in prolonging patients' median survival time and extending recurrence free interval.

In silico insight into EGFR treatment in patients with lung carcinoma and T790M mutations.

The T790M mutational basis of treatment failure, following treatment via alteration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway, is a well-known anomaly in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The T790M mutation activates the kinase domain, causing tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib, to elicit little or no response. To overcome this acquired resistance in NSCLC cells, the present study utilized a structure-based drug designing method to identify a novel lead compound. An in-house traditional Chinese medicinal compound database was used and following initial virtual screening, pre-absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion/Tox and automated docking analyses, nardosinon was selected as the most appropriate candidate for further analysis. Two NSCLC cell lines, PC9GR4 and H2347, were used to test nardosinon and the results were compared with gefitinib. Results from an initial cell death assay revealed that nardosinon was able to induce cell death in NSCLC cells with and without the T790M mutation. These findings suggest that nardosinon may be an effective pharmacological compound for NSCLC treatment, including T790M EGFR mutant NSCLC cells.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin-10 in cerebrospinal fluid for central nervous system lymphoma: a meta-analysis.

Central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) presents diagnostic and prognostic challenges. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of interleukin (IL)-10 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for CNSL comprehensively. PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched through September 2016. Four studies with 212 CNSL patients and 262 control patients were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of CSF IL-10 for diagnosing CNSL were 81% (95% CI: 66-91%) and 97% (95% CI: 83-100%), respectively. The summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve indicated that the area under the curve was 0.95 (0.93-0.97). The ROC curve based on extracted individual data showed that the optimal cutoff value was 6.88 pg/ml. Moreover, elevated CSF IL-10 was found to be associated with shorter progression-free survival (hazard ratio: 2.89, 95% CI: 1.13-7.41, p = .027). In conclusion, our meta-analysis showed that CSF IL-10 is an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for CNSL.

Efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased platelet destruction and impaired platelet production. In this study, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy and safety of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) in primary ITP patients. Thirteen randomized controlled trials were included in this study, the pooled results of which demonstrated that TPO-RAs significantly increased platelet response (R) and durable response (DR) rates [risk ratio (RR): 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.01-3.82, P = 5.9 × 10-10; RR: 7.52, 95% CI: 3.94-14.35, P = 9.2 × 10-10; respectively] and that TPO-RAs significantly reduced the incidences of any or severe bleeding events (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.67-0.95, P = 0.013; RR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.27-0.99, P = 0.048; respectively). Moreover, our results indicated that there was a significant reduction in the proportion of patients needing rescue medications in the TPO-RA groups compared with the control groups (RR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.42-0.59, P = 2.0 × 10-15) and that the rates of any or severe adverse events were similar between the TPO-RA and control regimens (RR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.92-1.10; RR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.54-1.01; respectively). These findings demonstrate that TPO-RAs are an effective and safe second-line treatment option for primary ITP patients.

[Effect of rhG-CSF Mobilization on S1P5 Expression in T Lymphocyte Subsets of Allo-HSCT Donors].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) mobilization on S1P5 expression in T lymphocyte subsets of allo-HSCT donors. METHODS: The peripheral blood was collected from 10 allo-hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) donors before and after mobilization with rhG-CSF for 4 days. The flow cytometry was used to detect S1P5 expression in T lymphocyte subsets. RESULTS: There was no S1P5 expression on the surface of T-lymphocytes both before and after rhG-CSF mobilization. After fixation with permeabilization agent, S1P5 expression could be detected in lymphocytes after rhG-CSF mobilization, which indicates S1P5 may be located in cells. Compared with level before rhG-CSF mobilization, S1P5 expression was significantly increased in T lymphocyte subsets after rhG-CSF mobilization, CD3(+)T cells (57.92±2.32)% vs (7.94±1.47)%(P<0.05）, CD4(+)T cells (72.58±1.73)% vs （5.48±0.82）%(P<0.05）, CD8(+)T cells（51.79±3.57）% vs （6.46±1.01）%（P<0.05）,CD3-/CD56(+)NK cells（40.00±1.47）% vs（4.97±0.74）%（P<0.05）. The up-regulated level of S1P5 expression in CD4(+)T cells was most high(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: S1P5 expression significantly increases in T lymphocyte subsets after rhG-CSF mobilization, and the up-regulated level of S1P5 expression in CD4(+)T cells is the most high.