Uptake and detection rate of colorectal cancer screening with colonoscopy in China: A population-based, prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Colonoscopy is widely used as a screening test for detecting colorectal cancer in many countries. However, there is little evidence regarding the uptake and diagnostic yields of colonoscopy in population-based screening programs in countries with limited medical resources. OBJECTIVE: We reported the uptake of colonoscopy and the detection of colorectal lesions and explored related factors based on a colorectal cancer screening program in China. DESIGN: Individuals aged 45-74 years who were asymptomatic for colorectal cancer and had no history of colorectal cancer were recruited. An established risk score system was used to identify individuals at high risk for colorectal cancer, and they were subsequently recommended for colonoscopy. SETTING: A population-based, prospective cohort study was implemented in 169 communities, 14 districts of Chongqing, Southwest China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 288,150 eligible participants were recruited from November 2013 to June 2021, and 41,315 participants were identified to be at high risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS: Generalized linear mixed model was used to explore the individual and community structural characteristics associated with uptake of colonoscopy. Additionally, the detection rate of colorectal lesions under colonoscopy screening was also reported, and their associated factors were explored. RESULTS: 7859 subjects underwent colonoscopy, with an uptake rate of 19.02 % (95 % CI 18.64 %-19.40 %). Lower uptake rates were associated with older age, lower education, more physical activity, and structural characteristics, including residing in developing areas (OR 0.73, 95 % CI 0.69-0.78), residing more than 5 km from screening hospital (5-10 km: OR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.79-0.91; >10 km: OR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.80-0.91), and not being exposed to social media publicity (OR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.53-0.75). Overall, 8 colorectal cancers (0.10 %), 423 advanced adenomas (5.38 %), 820 nonadvanced adenomas (10.43 %), and 684 hyperplastic polyps (8.70 %) were detected, with an adenoma detection rate of 15.92 %. Several factors, including older age, male, current smoking and a family history of colorectal cancer, were positively related to colorectal neoplasms. CONCLUSIONS: The uptake of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening was not optimal among a socioeconomically diverse high-risk population. The screening strategy should attempt to ensure equitable access to screening according to regional characteristics, and enhance the uptake of colonoscopy by recommended multifaceted interventions, which focus on individuals with poor compliance, select a closer screening hospital, and strengthen social media publicity at the structural level.

Hand Gesture Recognition on a Resource-Limited Interactive Wristband.

Most of the reported hand gesture recognition algorithms require high computational resources, i.e., fast MCU frequency and significant memory, which are highly inapplicable to the cost-effectiveness of consumer electronics products. This paper proposes a hand gesture recognition algorithm running on an interactive wristband, with computational resource requirements as low as Flash < 5 KB, RAM < 1 KB. Firstly, we calculated the three-axis linear acceleration by fusing accelerometer and gyroscope data with a complementary filter. Then, by recording the order of acceleration vectors crossing axes in the world coordinate frame, we defined a new feature code named axis-crossing code. Finally, we set templates for eight hand gestures to recognize new samples. We compared this algorithm's performance with the widely used dynamic time warping (DTW) algorithm and recurrent neural network (BiLSTM and GRU). The results show that the accuracies of the proposed algorithm and RNNs are higher than DTW and that the time cost of the proposed algorithm is much less than those of DTW and RNNs. The average recognition accuracy is 99.8% on the collected dataset and 97.1% in the actual user-independent case. In general, the proposed algorithm is suitable and competitive in consumer electronics. This work has been volume-produced and patent-granted.

The associations between coping strategies, psychological health, and career indecision among medical students: a cross-sectional study in China.

BACKGROUND: Medical students experience difficulties in the process of making decisions about their careers, which is referred to as career indecision. This study aimed to examine the difficulties in the career decision-making processes of medical students and to explore the association of coping strategies and psychological health with career indecision. The findings may provide a reference for designing interventions to advance satisfying career decisions for medical students. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of 359 medical students was conducted in 5 Chinese medical schools. Students completed an anonymous self-administered questionnaire measuring their career indecision, coping strategies, and psychological health. Independent t-test, F-test, bivariate Pearson's correlation analysis, and linear regression analysis were applied to test the relation between career indecision and the associated factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS V.22 for Windows. A p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. RESULTS: Difficulties regarding lack of readiness frequently occurred in medical students when making career decisions, with the highest score of 2.48 ± 0.58. Among all the associated factors in this study, career indecision was positively associated with psychological distress problem (ß = 0.20, p < 0.05). This study also proved that being at a higher level of career indecision is negatively associated with using problem-focused coping strategies (ß = - 0.14, p < 0.05). For the maladaptive coping strategies, applying dysfunctional coping strategies showed a significantly positive association with career indecision among medical students (ß = 0.25, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Medical students experienced difficulties regarding lack of readiness frequently when making career decisions. Both coping strategies and psychological health were associated with career indecision among medical students. To prevent career indecision, it is necessary to promote earlier career awareness to medical students. Specifically, psychological health should be addressed in career intervention programs for medical students. Additionally, when helping medical students to cope with career indecision, cognitive techniques that reduce the use of maladaptive coping strategies and enhance the use of adaptive coping strategies should be adopted.

Effective Data-Aware Covariance Estimator From Compressed Data.

Estimating covariance matrix from massive high-dimensional and distributed data is significant for various real-world applications. In this paper, we propose a data-aware weighted sampling-based covariance matrix estimator, namely DACE, which can provide an unbiased covariance matrix estimation and attain more accurate estimation under the same compression ratio. Moreover, we extend our proposed DACE to tackle multiclass classification problems with theoretical justification and conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic and real-world data sets to demonstrate the superior performance of our DACE.