[Gene Polymorphism 24 Rare Blood Group Antigens of 11 RBC Blood Group Systems in Manchu Population of Harbin Area in China].

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the 24 kinds of antigen gene polymorphism chara-cteristics in 11 RBC blood group systems of Manchu population blood donor in Harbin Area of China, so as to better perform the clinical blood transfusion and to avoid adverse transfusion reactions. METHODS: Twenty-four antigen genes (GYPB (S/S), Duffy, Kell, Dombrock, Diego, Kidd, Scianna, Colton, Lutheran, Yt, Mur) were assessed by the polymerase chain reaction sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) in 11 blood type systems, including Fya, Fyb; K, K; Doa, Dob; Dia, Dib; JKa, JKb; Sc1,Sc2; Coa, Cob; Lua, Lub; Yta, Ytb; Kpa, Kpb; Mur, Mur2 among 200 Manchus in Harbin. RESULTS: The gene frequency of blood type system in Harbin Manchu GYPB (S/S) was as follows: S=0.0625, s=0.9325; the gene frequency of duffy blood type system: Fya=0.0525, Fyb=0.9475; Gene frequency of Dombrock type system was as follows: Doa=0.1250, Dob=0.8750; Gene frequency of Diego type system: Dia=0.0275, Dib=0.9725; the gene frequency of Kidd blood type system: JKa=0.5650, JKb=0.4350; the gene frequency of Mur blood type system: Mur1 = 0.0050, Mur2 = 0.9950; the Kell, Scianna, Colton, Lutheran and Yt type blood type system displayed a monomorph distribution and the genotype was kkKpbKpb,Sc1Sc1,CoaCoa, LubLub, YtaYta, respectively. CONCLUSION: The distribution of GYPB(S/s),Duffy,Dombrock, Diego, Kidd and Mur blood type system in Harbin Manchu has been found to be characterized by polymorphism, and the distribution of kell, scianna, colton, lutheran and ye blood type system has been found to be characterized by oligomorphism. The gene destribution of dombrock and Kidd blood group systems is unique in Harbin Manchu.

[Genetic Polymorphism of HPA 1-17 Alloantigen System in Heilongjiang Menggu Population].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the polymorphisms of the human platelet antigen (HPA) gene of Han and Menggu population of Heilongjiang province in China, to determine platelet antigen system with clinical significance by judging the rate of incompatibility of HPA, as well as to establish a database of donors HPA including the Han nationality and the minority nationality. METHODS: The samples of unrelated healthy Menggu population (100 cases) people were selected from Heilongjiang province in China, and 123 cases in healthy Han population in Heilongjiang as control were collected. The technique of PCR-sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) was used for genotyping of 34 alleles in HPA1-17 gene. The gene frequency and genotype frequency were separately calculated, and the allele frequency distribution in Menggu population was compared with the results from Han population. RESULTS: In the Han population, monomorphic HPA-4,HPA-7-14,HPA-16, 17 were found in the samples, none of HPA-b was found in these samples. For HPA-1, 2, 4, 5 and 6, aa homozygosity was predominant. In the Menggu population, monomorphic HPA 1, HPA 5, 6, HPA 7-14, HPA 16,17 were found in the samples, none of HPA-b was found in these samples. For HPA 2, 4 aa homozygosity was predominant. HPA-3, 15 had the greatest heterozygosity in 2 population. HPA-1a and HPA-3a frequency of Menggu population were significantly different from that of Han population in Heilongjiang. CONCLUSION: Distribution of the allele polymorphism of HPA 1-17 in Heilongjiang Han population is similar to that in Menggu population, and it shows its own characteristics. When the local HPA genotyped database of platelet donors in Heilongjiang is established, the count of Menggu donor should be increased.

Monitoring of Gas Emboli During Hysteroscopic Surgery: A Prospective Study.

OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have demonstrated a high frequency of gas emboli during hysteroscopy, but guidelines for the prevention, early detection, and intervention of gas embolism during hysteroscopic procedures are still lacking. This study aimed to gain a clearer understanding of risk factors and specific signs and symptoms associated with gas emboli. METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 120 women scheduled for hysteroscopy using 5% glucose as distension medium. The gas bubbles were monitored sequentially in internal iliac vein, common iliac vein, inferior vena cava, superior vena cava, heart, and pulmonary artery under the gray-scale imaging of Doppler ultrasound. The frequency, extent, and the hemodynamic and respiratory effects of gas emboli were evaluated. The interventions and outcomes were recorded. The risk factors associated with gas emboli, and their relationship with the frequency and extent of gas emboli, were assessed. RESULTS: In our study, evidence of gas emboli under Doppler ultrasound monitoring was observed in 44 (36.7%) patients. The operation was continued and finished as soon as possible for patients presenting with stable vital signs or transient hemodynamic and respiratory changes, which resolved spontaneously without intervention. The operation was paused for patients presenting with significant hemodynamic changes or loss of consciousness, and the operation was resumed shortly after resumption of stable vital signs following symptomatic treatment. All patients in our study finished the operation and recovered without developing serious complications. Data analysis showed prolonged procedure duration and increased bleeding volume were both positively correlated with the frequency and extent of gas emboli. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated a high frequency of gas emboli during hysteroscopy. Doppler ultrasonic monitoring combined with a clearer understanding of specific signs, symptoms, and risk factors will facilitate early detection and intervention of gas emboli during hysteroscopy.