Risk factors for postoperative recovery in oral cancer surgery: A retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Effective management of oral cancer necessitates a multidisciplinary approach, with surgery playing a pivotal role in treatment. However, there are many risk factors during the perioperative period that affect postoperative recovery. PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the risk factors influencing postoperative recovery in patients undergoing oral cancer surgery, thereby optimizing perioperative management. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: A retrospective cohort study was carried out in patients who underwent surgery for oral cancer at The Second Affiliated Hospital Of Zhejiang University School Of Medicine from Jan. to Dec. in 2023. Based on the median length of stay (LOS) of 20.42 days, we divided the study population into DL3W and DM3W groups (DL3W/DM3W: Discharged less/>3 weeks). PREDICTOR VARIABLE: The Predictor variables included sex, age, BMI, smoke, drink, education, settlement, surgery history, tumor history, intra-operative situation, flap details, pathologic stage, treatment and laboratory examination. MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The primary outcome was length of stay (LOS) defined as the days from the start of preoperative preparation to discharge from the hospital. ANALYSES: Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using the χ2 test, Fisher's exact test and t-test. A P value of 0.05 was deemed as an acceptable statistical significance level. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 103 subjects with a mean age of 59.45 (14.20) and 71 (68.9 %) were male. The median LOS was 20.42 ((range, 10-69) days. The baseline characteristics between the DL3W and DM3W groups were generally balanced. Factors associated with LOS were BMI (95 %CI 1.01-1.15, P = 0.046), intraoperative blood loss (95 %CI 0.;99-1.00, P = 0.002), flap source (P < 0.001), and postoperative fasting time (95 %CI 0.88-0.95, P < 0.001). In the regression model, more intraoperative blood loss and longer postoperative fasting time were associated with increased. LOS and factors BMI and the use of forearm flap were associated with decreased LOS after adjusting the confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In the perioperative period for oral cancer patients, optimizing postoperative recovery may be achieved by carefully managing BMI, intraoperative blood loss, flap source, and postoperative fasting time.

Sidelobes and sideband minimization in time-modulated array antenna based on chaotic exchange nonlinear dandelion optimization algorithm.

Time-modulated array antenna (TMAA) is a new type of array antenna based on time modulation technology. By introducing "time" as the fourth dimensional design freedom into the design of conventional array antennas in three-dimensional space, the array antenna has time modulation characteristics, which better controls the radiation characteristics of the array antenna and achieves the best far-field radiation pattern synthesis. This paper designs a Time-modulated linear array (TMLA) with low sidelobe level (SLL) and low sideband level (SBL) based on the chaotic exchange nonlinear dandelion optimization (CENDO) algorithm. Three optimization methods are studied: firstly, determining the optimal on-time (τnn) for each array element; The second is to determine the optimal on-time (τnn) and optimal uniform array element spacing (d) for each array element; The third is to determine the optimal opening time (ton), closing time (toff), and optimal uniform array element spacing (d) for each array element. To achieve simultaneous reduction of sidelobe level and suppression of harmonic interference. The same array model contains different harmonic frequency radiation. In this article, we only considered two harmonic frequencies, namely the first sideband frequency and the second sideband frequency. Because the harmonic of other sideband frequencies has a very small impact on the radiation of the fundamental wave, it can be ignored. To demonstrate the stronger ability of the CENDO algorithm in optimizing Time-modulated array antennas, and in line with the principle of fairness and impartiality, this paper also simulates different Time-modulated array models and compares the results of the CENDO algorithm with other published literature. It is concluded that this study shows lower SLL and lower SBL in different models. This provides a more scientific and accurate explanation of the superiority of the CENDO algorithm compared to other algorithms in the field of antenna optimization in electromagnetics. At the same time, this also provides great research value and fundamental support for designing high-performance Time-modulated array antennas in subsequent engineering applications.

A Wild Horse Optimization algorithm with chaotic inertia weights and its application in linear antenna array synthesis.

Antennas play a crucial role in designing an efficient communication system. However, reducing the maximum sidelobe level (SLL) of the beam pattern is a crucial challenge in antenna arrays. Pattern synthesis in smart antennas is a major area of research because of its widespread application across various radar and communication systems. This paper presents an effective technique to minimize the SLL and thus improve the radiation pattern of the linear antenna array (LAA) using the chaotic inertia-weighted Wild Horse optimization (IERWHO) algorithm. The wild horse optimizer (WHO) is a new metaheuristic algorithm based on the social behavior of wild horses. The IERWHO algorithm is an improved Wild Horse optimization (WHO) algorithm that combines the concepts of chaotic sequence factor, nonlinear factor, and inertia weights factor. In this paper, the method is applied for the first time in antenna array synthesis by optimizing parameters such as inter-element spacing and excitation to minimize the SLL while keeping other constraints within the boundary limits, while ensuring that the performance is not affected. For performance evaluation, the simulation tests include 12 benchmark test functions and 12 test functions to verify the effectiveness of the improvement strategies. According to the encouraging research results in this paper, the IERWHO algorithm proposed has a place in the field of optimization.

Multicomponent Nanoparticles Synergistic One-Dimensional Nanofibers as Heterostructure Absorbers for Tunable and Efficient Microwave Absorption.

Application of novel radio technologies and equipment inevitably leads to electromagnetic pollution. One-dimensional polymer-based composite membrane structures have been shown to be an effective strategy to obtain high-performance microwave absorbers. Herein, we reported a one-dimensional N-doped carbon nanofibers material which encapsulated the hollow Co3SnC0.7 nanocubes in the fiber lumen by electrospinning. Space charge stacking formed between nanoparticles can be channeled by longitudinal fibrous structures. The dielectric constant of the fibers is highly related to the carbonization temperature, and the great impedance matching can be achieved by synergetic effect between Co3SnC0.7 and carbon network. At 800 °C, the necklace-like Co3SnC0.7/CNF with 5% low load achieves an excellent RL value of - 51.2 dB at 2.3 mm and the effective absorption bandwidth of 7.44 GHz with matching thickness of 2.5 mm. The multiple electromagnetic wave (EMW) reflections and interfacial polarization between the fibers and the fibers internal contribute a major effect to attenuating the EMW. These strategies for regulating electromagnetic performance can be expanded to other electromagnetic functional materials which facilitate the development of emerging absorbers.

Enhanced Light Emission due to Formation of Semi-polar InGaN/GaN Multi-quantum Wells.

InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) are grown on (0001) sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) with special growth parameters to form V-shaped pits simultaneously. Measurements by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) demonstrate the formation of MQWs on both (0001) and ([Formula: see text]) side surface of the V-shaped pits. The latter is known to be a semi-polar surface. Optical characterizations together with theoretical calculation enable us to identify the optical transitions from these MQWs. The layer thickness on ([Formula: see text]) surface is smaller than that on (0001) surface, and the energy level in the ([Formula: see text]) semi-polar quantum well (QW) is higher than in the (0001) QW. As the sample temperature is increased from 15 K, the integrated cathodoluminescence (CL) intensity of (0001) MQWs increases first and then decreases while that of the ([Formula: see text]) MQWs decreases monotonically. The integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity of (0001) MQWs increases significantly from 15 to 70 K. These results are explained by carrier injection from ([Formula: see text]) to (0001) MQWs due to thermal excitation. It is therefore concluded that the emission efficiency of (0001) MQWs at high temperatures can be greatly improved due to the formation of semi-polar MQWs.

Strong localization effect and carrier relaxation dynamics in self-assembled InGaN quantum dots emitting in the green.

Strong localization effect in self-assembled InGaN quantum dots (QDs) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition has been evidenced by temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) at different excitation power. The integrated emission intensity increases gradually in the range from 30 to 160 K and then decreases with a further increase in temperature at high excitation intensity, while this phenomenon disappeared at low excitation intensity. Under high excitation, about 40% emission enhancement at 160 K compared to that at low temperature, as well as a higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of 41.1%, was observed. A strong localization model is proposed to describe the possible processes of carrier transport, relaxation, and recombination. Using this model, the evolution of excitation-power-dependent emission intensity, shift of peak energy, and linewidth variation with elevating temperature is well explained. Finally, two-component decays of time-resolved PL (TRPL) with various excitation intensities are observed and analyzed with the biexponential model, which enables us to further understand the carrier relaxation dynamics in the InGaN QDs.