Oxidative MnO2 Template Assisted Electrochemical Fabrication of Graphene/Polypyrrole Supercapacitor Electrodes.

Improving the morphological structure of active materials is a reliable strategy for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. In this study, we introduce a feasible approach to constructing the graphene/polypyrrole (PPy) composite film implanted onto the current collector through a two-step electrochemical deposition method utilizing MnO2 as an intermediary template. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO) hydrogel film is first hydrothermally grown on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate to obtain a porous rGO@CC electrode on which MnO2 is electrodeposited. Then the as-prepared rGO/MnO2@CC electrode is subjected to the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole, with MnO2 acting as an oxidizing template to facilitate the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole, ultimately yielding an rGO/PPy composite film on CC. The PPy synthesized via this methodology exhibits a distinctive interconnected structure, resulting in superior electrochemical performance compared with the electrode with PPy directly electrodeposited on rGO@CC. The optimized electrode achieves an impressive specific capacitance of 583.6 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 and retains 83% of its capacitance at 20 A g-1, with a capacitance loss of only 9.5% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. The corresponding all-solid-state supercapacitor could provide a high energy density of 22.5 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 4.6 kW kg-1, with a capacitance retention of 82.7% after 5000 charge-discharge cycles. Furthermore, the device also demonstrates good flexibility performance upon bending at 90 and 180°. This work presents an innovative method for the preparation of carbon material/conducting polymer electrodes with specific structural characteristics and superior performance.

One-Step Fabrication of Integrated Graphene/Polypyrrole/Carbon Cloth Films for Supercapacitor Electrodes.

The facile and cost-effective preparation of supercapacitor electrodes is significant for the application of this kind of electrochemical energy-storing module. In this work, we designed a feasible strategy to fabricate a binary active material onto a current collector in one step. A colloidal mixture of graphene oxide and pyrrole layered on a carbon cloth could undergo a redox reaction through a mild hydrothermal process to yield a reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole hydrogel film anchored onto the carbon cloth. The integrated electrode with the porous graphene/polypyrrole active material could be directly utilized as a freestanding working electrode for electrochemical measurements and the assembly of supercapacitor devices. The as-prepared electrode could achieve a high capacitance of 1221 mF cm-2 at 1 mA cm-2 (531 F g-1) with satisfactory cycling stability. The constructed symmetric supercapacitor with two optimal electrodes could provide an energy density of 70.4 µWh cm-2 (15.3 Wh kg-1). This work offers a feasible pathway toward the integration of graphene/conducting polymer composites as electrochemical electrodes.

Covalent Organic Framework Fiber-Constructed Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase Layer: Facilitated Uniform Deposition of Li+ and Encapsulated Li Dendrite.

Due to ultrahigh theoretical capacity and ultralow redox poteneial, lithium metal is considered as a promising anode material. However, uneven lithium deposition, uncontrollable lithium dendrite formation, and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) lead to low lithium utilization, rapid capacity decay, and poor cycle performance. Herein, a robust artificial SEI film by coating the lithium surface with fibrous covalent organic framework (Fib-COF) was constructed, which effectively prevented dendrite penetration and battery short-circuits. Experimental results demonstrated that the Fib-COF-decorated batteries showcased higher Coulombic efficiency (CE), extended cycling stability, and superior electrolyte compatibility. The strong affinity of the carbonyl group in Fib-COF towards Li+ contributes to facilitating the Li+ uniform transfer and nucleation. In situ optical microscopy dynamically revealed the formation process of dendrite-free interphase under the function of Fib-COF layer. As a result, the modified Li anode demonstrated remarkable cycle stability for more than 650 h at 20 mA cm-2 and 5 mAh cm-2 in ether-based electrolyte and 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm-2 and 0.5 mAh cm-2 in carbonate-based electrolyte. The dendrite-free Fib-COF@Li electrodes endowed higher specific capacities of 650 mAh g-1 for Fib-COF@Li|S full cell after 250 cycles and 120 mAh g-1 for Fib-COF @Li|LiFePO4 full cells after 300 cycles.

Synthesis of Trifluoromethylated Dibenzoxepines via Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem C-O Bond Formation/C-H Arylation.

A palladium-catalyzed cyclization reaction of phenols with trifluoromethyl-containing ortho-bromo-ß-chlorostyrenes has been developed. In the presence of palladium(II) acetate, tricyclohexylphosphine, and cesium carbonate, a variety of 6-trifluoromethyldibenzo[b,d]oxepines were prepared in moderate to good yields through the tandem O-alkenylation of general phenols and subsequent C-H arylation.

Rapid imaging and product screening with low-cost line-field Fourier domain optical coherence tomography.

Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) is a well-established imaging technique that provides high-resolution internal structure images of an object at a fast speed. Modern FD-OCT systems typically operate at speeds of 40,000-100,000 A-scans/s, but are priced at least tens of thousands of pounds. In this study, we demonstrate a line-field FD-OCT (LF-FD-OCT) system that achieves an OCT imaging speed of 100,000 A-scan/s at a hardware cost of thousands of pounds. We demonstrate the potential of LF-FD-OCT for biomedical and industrial imaging applications such as corneas, 3D printed electronics, and printed circuit boards.

Maintaining her image: A social comparative evaluation of the particularity of mothers in the Chinese cultural context.

In Chinese culture, the mother holds a special meaning in one's self-concept, and is perceived as being stablyincorporated into and consistent with the self. However, it is unclear whether the evaluation of mothers by individuals is affected following the initiation of upward and downward social comparisons (USC and DSC). This experiment manipulated USC and DSC by evaluating positive and negative public figures and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to record changes in brain activity during the evaluation. It was found that participants' evaluations of their mothers and their brain activity did not differ from the self during USC, verifying the equivalence of the mother and the self. In DSC, participants made significantly more positive social judgments about their mothers, accompanied by greater activation of the left temporal lobe. These results suggest that the mother was not only stably incorporated into the self but was in a position of even greater importance than the self. In DSC in particular, individuals are more likely to maintain a positive image of their mother.

[Advances in poly(ethylene terephthalate) hydrolases].

Plastics have brought invaluable convenience to human life since it was firstly synthesized in the last century. However, the stable polymer structure of plastics led to the continuous accumulation of plastic wastes, which poses serious threats to the ecological environment and human health. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is the most widely produced polyester plastics. Recent researches on PET hydrolases have shown great potential of enzymatic degradation and recycling of plastics. Meanwhile, the biodegradation pathway of PET has become a reference model for the biodegradation of other plastics. This review summarizes the sources of PET hydrolases and their degradation capacity, degradation mechanism of PET by the most representative PET hydrolase-IsPETase, and recently reported highly efficient degrading enzymes through enzyme engineering. The advances of PET hydrolases may facilitate the research on the degradation mechanism of PET and further exploration and engineering of efficient PET degradation enzymes.

Insights into autotrophic carbon fixation strategies through metagonomics in the sediments of seagrass beds.

Seagrass beds contributes up to 10% ocean carbon storage. Carbon fixation in seagrass bed greatly affect global carbon cycle. Currently, six carbon fixation pathways are widely studied: Calvin, reductive tricarboxylic acid (rTCA), Wood-Ljungdahl (WL), 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP), 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (3HP/4HB) and dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate (DC/4-HB). Despite the knowledges about carbon fixation increase, the carbon fixation strategies in seagrass bed sediment remain unexplored. We collected seagrass bed sediment samples from three sites with different characteristics in Weihai, a city in Shandong, China. The carbon fixation strategies were investigated through metagenomics. The results exhibited that five pathways were present, of which Calvin and WL were the most dominant. The community structure of microorganisms containing the key genes of these pathways were further analyzed, and those dominant microorganisms with carbon fixing potential were revealed. Phosphorus significantly negatively corelated with those microorganisms. This study provides an insight into the strategies of carbon fixation in seagrass bed sediments.

Role of apigenin in high glucose-induced retinal microvascular endothelial cell dysfunction via regulating NOX4/p38 MAPK pathway in vitro.

AIM: To investigate the retinoprotective role of Apigenin (Api) against high glucose (HG)-induced human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs), and to explore its regulatory mechanism. METHODS: HRMECs were stimulated by HG for 48h to establish the in vitro cell model. Different concentrations of Api (2.5, 5, and 10 µmol/L) were applied for treatment. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, and tube formation assays were performed to examine the effects of Api on the viability, migration, and angiogenesis in HG-induced HRMECs. Vascular permeability was evaluated by Evans blue dye. The inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress-related factors were measured using their commercial kits. Protein expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was measured by Western blot. RESULTS: Api prevented HG-induced HRMECs viability, migration, angiogenesis, and vascular permeability in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile, Api also concentration-dependently inhibited inflammation and oxidative stress in HRMECs exposed to HG. In addition, HG caused an elevated expression of NOX4, which was retarded by Api treatment. HG stimulation facilitated the activation of p38 MAPK signaling in HRMECs, and Api could weaken this activation partly via downregulating NOX4 expression. Furthermore, overexpression of NOX4 or activation of p38 MAPK signaling greatly weakened the protective role of Api against HG-stimulated HRMECs. CONCLUSION: Api might exert a beneficial role in HG-stimulated HRMECs through regulating NOX4/p38 MAPK pathway.

A Dual Fluorescence Assay Enables High-Throughput Screening for Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Hydrolases.

The drastically increasing consumption of petroleum-derived plastics hasserious environmental impacts and raises public concerns. Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is amongst the most extensively produced synthetic polymers. Enzymatic hydrolysis of PET recently emerged as an enticing path for plastic degradation and recycling. In-lab directed evolution has revealed the great potential of PET hydrolases (PETases). However, the time-consuming and laborious PETase assays hinder the identification of effective variants in large mutant libraries. Herein, we devise and validate a dual fluorescence-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assay for a representative IsPETase. The two-round HTS of a pilot library consisting of 2850 IsPETase variants yields six mutant IsPETases with 1.3-4.9 folds improved activities. Compared to the currently used structure- or computational redesign-based PETase engineering, this HTS approach provides a new strategy for discovery of new beneficial mutation patterns of PETases.

Nondestructive in situ monitoring of pea seeds germination using optical coherence tomography.

Seed germination and uniform plant stand in the field are the most critical crop growth stages determining the final yield. Pea (Pisum sativum L.) seeds production is often hampered due to the seed dormancy caused by the hard seed coat. Such effect is mainly attributed to poor or uneven germination and unsynchronised seedling emergence. Understanding the time course of water intake and several critical germination indicators can reveal many features of seed germination such as rate and uniformity. This paper used optical coherence tomography (OCT), a noninvasive and cross-sectional imaging technique, to monitor the inner structural changes throughout the germination process. A sequence of cross-sectional OCT images of pea (P. sativum L.) seeds, together with additional microscopic optical images, was recorded continuously and in situ for over 40 h. OCT and microscopic images revealed the changes in the internal structure and the external shape of the pea seeds during germination, respectively. It was found that the cross-sectional OCT images helped to identify the critical indicators distinguishing the different phases of germination pea seeds. Therefore, the presented OCT approach offers a fast and nondestructive way to precisely measure the structural indicators in different germination phases.

Mode of action of nanochitin whisker against Fusarium pseudograminearum.

Nanochitin whisker (NC) is an advanced nanobiomaterial with novel physicochemical and biological properties. Fusarium pseudograminearum (Fpg) is an important pathogenic fungus causing wheat crown rot disease. This study explored the mode of action of NC against Fpg as a target microorganism. The effects of different treatments and concentrations of NC on the fungal growth and conidial germination were investigated by in vitro bioassay. The impacts of NC on cell structure integrity, membrane permeability, pathogenesis related key enzymes activity, and the mycotoxin production were examined by electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, conductometry, and spectrophotometry, respectively. The results showed that NC significantly reduced hyphal growth, and the spore germination rate of Fpg declined by 33.0 % and 23.2 % when Fpg was treated with 30 and 300 µg/mL of NC, respectively. NC vigorously influenced structural stability of cell wall by destroying dextran structure, and strongly stimulated ergosterol production altering membrane integrity of the fungus. It reduced the activities of enzymes related to energy-supply like nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase remarkably. The production of fungal mycotoxin deoxynivalenol was also decreased by NC. These findings provide an important basis for fully understanding the mechanism of nanobiomaterial in plant fungal disease control.

Influence of atmospheric teleconnections on interannual variability of Arctic-boreal fires.

Fires across the Arctic-boreal zone (ABZ) play an important role in the boreal forest succession, permafrost thaw, and the regional and global carbon cycle and climate. These fires occur mainly in summer with large interannual variability. Previous studies primarily focused on the impacts of local surface climate and tropical El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This study, for the first time, comprehensively investigates the influence of summer leading large-scale atmospheric teleconnection patterns in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics on interannual variability of ABZ fires. We use correlation and regression analysis of 1997-2019 multiple satellite-based products of burned area and observed/reanalyzed climate data. Results show that eight leading teleconnection patterns significantly affect 63 ± 2 % of burned areas across the ABZ. Western North America is affected by the East Pacific/North Pacific pattern (EP/NP) and the West Pacific pattern (WP); boreal Europe by the Scandinavia pattern (SCA); eastern North America, western and central Siberia, and southeastern Siberia by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO); and eastern Siberia /Russian Far East by the East Atlantic pattern (EA). NAO/EA induces lower-tropospheric drier northwesterly/northerly airflow passing through the east of boreal North America/Eurasia, which decreases surface relative humidity. Other teleconnections trigger a high-pressure anomaly, forcing downward motion that suppresses cloud formation and increases solar radiation reaching the ground to warm the surface air as well as brings drier air downward to reduce surface relative humidity. The drier and/or warmer surface air can decrease fuel wetness and thus increase burned area. Our study highlights the important role of the extra-tropical teleconnection patterns on ABZ fires, which is much stronger than ENSO that was thought to control interannual variability of global fires. It also establishes a theoretical foundation for ABZ fire prediction based on extra-tropical teleconnections, and has the potential to facilitate ABZ fire prediction and management.

Atorvastatin regulates the migration and invasion of prostate cancer through the epithelial-mesenchymal transformation and matrix metalloproteinase pathways.

PURPOSE: Our purpose was to verify the effects of atorvastatin (ATO) on prostate cancer (PCa) proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis and to further explore the drug's mechanism of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and clone formation experiments to study the effect of ATO on the proliferation of PC3 cells. Flow cytometry and Hoechst 33342 staining were used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell migration and invasion were detected through wound healing experiments and transwell experiments. Western blotting was applied to detect apoptosis-related proteins (BAX, Bcl-2, PARP, and Caspase-3), epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) proteins, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. A mouse xenograft tumor model was established, and tumor volume and weight were determined. The expression levels of the above-mentioned proteins were determined through western blot. RESULTS: ATO inhibited PC-3 cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. ATO significantly up-regulated the expression of BAX, PARP, and Caspase-3 and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2. Wound healing and transwell experiments showed that ATO inhibited invasion and metastasis in PC-3 cells, possibly because ATO could inhibit the EMT and the expression of MMPs in PC-3 cells. Studies in nude mice showed that ATO significantly reduced tumor volume and weight; the expression levels of related proteins were consistent with the in vitro results. CONCLUSIONS: ATO inhibits the occurrence and development of PCa and regulates the migration and invasion of PCa cells by inhibiting the EMT and MMPs.

Effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on natural Enterobacteriaceae reduction and seed germination in the production of alfalfa sprouts.

Microbial contamination of sprouts commonly occurs because of the pathogens present on and in the seeds and the optimal conditions for bacteria growth provided during the germination and sprouting processes. This study examined the decontamination effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW), a 'generally recognized as safe' (GRAS) disinfectant, in the production process of alfalfa sprouts. SAEW with various available chlorine concentrations (ACC, 25, 35, 45 mg/L) and different pH levels (5.0, 5.7 and 6.4) was used to soak seeds for different length of time (0.5 and 6 h), after which the variations in natural Enterobacteriaceae, water absorption and seed germination (germination rate, weight and length of sprouts) were determined. The results showed that when the seeds were soaked with SAEW, albeit with different ACC (25, 35 and 45 mg/L) and pH levels (5.0, 5.7 and 6.4), a significant reduction of Enterobacteriaceae and no negative effect on sprout quality was observed. The water absorption and germination rates were also not significantly adversely affected by SAEW soaking. These findings suggest that SAEW could be used to decontaminate natural Enterobacteriaceae in the production of alfalfa sprouts, with no negative side effects on the alfalfa seeds.

Comparison of Inactivation Effect of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water and Sodium Hypochlorite on Bacillus cereus Spores.

Bacillus cereus spores are concerns for food spoilage and foodborne disease in food industry due to their high resistance to heat and various disinfectants. The aim of this study was to investigate the inactivation of B. cereus spores by slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) in comparison to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) with same available chlorine content (ACC). In this study, the efficacy of SAEW with different concentrations of ACC (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mg/L) on the inactivation of B. cereus spores, and the effect of SAEW combined with mild heat treatment (60°C), was examined in pure culture suspensions. Heat resistance and pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (DPA) release of the spores were also determined. The results showed that the sporicidal effect of the SAEW was significantly higher compared with the NaClO with the same concentration of ACC. Furthermore, the inactivation efficacy was largely dependent on ACC and treatment time. Moreover, the sporicidal activity of the SAEW was significantly improved when combined with a mild heat treatment (60°C). The majority of the DPA was released from spores, and the spores exhibited less resistance to heat after SAEW treatment for 30 min. These findings indicate that SAEW could effectively inactivate B. cereus spores, making it a promising and environmentally friendly decontamination technology for application in the food industry.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Neurotoxicity.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have recently been used as a promising treatment for cancer, while their toxicity and immune-related side effects can be seen in any organ, including the nervous system. In contrast to other immune-related adverse events (irAEs), neurological irAEs (nAEs) are rare, with varying incidence and symptom complexity. Although nAEs are uncommon, they can sometimes be severe and even lead to death. However, little attention has been paid to nAEs, and the literature is mostly clinical reports with only a few cases. We, therefore, conducted the present review with the aim of providing a comprehensive introduction of nAEs. In this review, we summarized various nAEs, including meningitis, encephalitis, and hypophysitis in the central nervous system, and myositis, myasthenia gravis, and peripheral neuropathies in the peripheral system. We also reviewed the current diagnosis and treatment methods for nAEs commonly used in clinical practice. In addition, we discussed potential mechanisms regarding nAEs and proposed the possible approaches to prevent the risk of nAEs in patients treated with ICIs. There is still a lot to learn, such as whether and why patients with nAEs respond better to ICI-therapy. The mechanisms and significance of nAEs need to be fully clarified to address these issues and optimize the treatment strategy.

Mutation of MDM2 gene in Chinese Han women with idiopathic premature ovarian insufficiency.

OBJECTIVE: Recent animal studies have demonstrated that the deletion of mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) in mice leads to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mutations in the MDM2 gene contribute to POI in Chinese Han women. METHODS: The coding region of the MDM2 gene was examined in 54 Chinese Han women with idiopathic POI and 54 Han healthy controls. Two known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), rs937283 in 5'-UTR and rs2870820 in intron 1, were compared between both POI and control groups. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the genotype distributions or allelic frequencies between the POI and control groups. No plausible causative mutations were identified. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that mutations in the coding region of the MDM2 gene may not represent a risk factor in the pathogenesis of idiopathic POI among Chinese Han women. Although we fail to confirm that MDM2 is a disease-causing gene, our study is the first to investigate the role of MDM2 in POI patients. Further studies with larger sample size from different ethnic populations are warranted.

Identification of Prognostic Biomarkers Associated with Cancer Stem Cell Features in Prostate Adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second most common malignancy in males and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in the occurrence and development of PRAD, however, the prognostic biomarkers associated with CSC features have not been identified in PRAD. MATERIAL AND METHODS In order to identify the prognostic stemness-related genes (SRGs) of PRAD, the RNA sequencing data of patients with PRAD were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) and the differential expressed genes (DEGs) were evaluated and identified. The associations between the mRNAsi and tumorigenesis, overall survival (OS), prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, and Gleason score were also established by nonparametric test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. The SRGs were identified as the overlapped DEGs of PRAD-associated DEGs and the mRNAsi-associated DEGs. Based on the prognostic SRGs, the predict model was constructed. Its accuracy was tested by the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve and the risk score. RESULTS A total of 6005 PRAD-associated DEGs and 2462 mRNAsi-associated DEGs were identified. The mRNAsi was significantly upregulated in PRAD and associated with the PSA value and Gleason score. A total of 1631 SRGs were identified, with 36 prognostic SRGs screened by the univariate Cox analysis. Based on the prognostic SRGs, the predict model was constructed with the AUC of 0.986. Moreover, the risk score of the model was proved to be an independent prognostic factor, indicating its significant applicability. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the mRNAsi as a reliable index for the tumorigenesis, PSA value, and Gleason score of PRAD. Additionally, this study provides a well-applied model for predicting the OS for patients with PRAD based on prognostic SRGs.

[Qualitative determination of chiral compounds using capillary electrophoresis].

As a well-established analytical separation technique, capillary electrophoresis (CE) is widely used in the separation of chiral substances because of its numerous advantages such as high separation efficiency, short analysis time, small sample dosage, and flexible separation modes. In the previous studies, the CE separation mode, selection of the chiral dispersant and improvement of the separation degree of chiral compounds have been reported in detail. Moreover, it is important to determine the quality of chiral substances and confirm the order of enantiomer peaks after successful separation. This paper summarizes the qualitative detection methods for CE chiral compounds, based on whether the separation analysis of chiral compounds depends on the classification of standard materials. There are two common methods for the qualitative determination of chiral substances in CE. One method compares the difference in the peak migration time, while the other compares the change in peak area before and after the addition of a single enantiomer standard. Both methods are accurate and simple to operate. A diverse range of detectors are used in CE. Based on the type of detector, CE analysis based on standard products is divided into optical, mass spectrometric and electrochemical detection modes. Optical detection involves the use of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), laser-induced fluorescence (LIF), chemiluminescence (CL) and other detectors. Among these, the UV detector has the advantages of stable performance, simple structure, and high cost performance and it is most widely used in CE detection as one of the fixed commercial detectors. The LIF detector is a kind of fluorescence detector with a laser as an excitation source. It has the advantages of low background and high signal-to-noise ratio, which make it the most sensitive CE detector. However, this detector is expensive and the sample must be able to provide a fluorescence signal. Otherwise, it is necessary to use a derivatization reagent for sample pretreatment, which renders the analysis complicated. The type of detector leads to a difference in the sample pretreatment, and the resulting spectra and qualitative methods for chiral compounds are also widely different. Therefore, we must choose the most suitable detector to be combined with CE depending on the sample properties and experimental requirements. The above mentioned methods require at least one chiral molecular standard of one configuration. However, for many chiral enantiomers, especially some novel chiral drugs, there is no single commercially available standard enantiomer, and even if there is one, it is very expensive. In this case, the available CE chiral separation methods include enzyme digestion, addition of antibodies, and computational methods. Enzyme digestion entails the addition of refers to adding the corresponding degrading enzyme or oxidase into the tested sample, so that qualitative analysis is possible by observing the change in peak area. In the method based on antibody addition, it is necessary to find antibodies that respond to a single enantiomer. Nevertheless, it is difficult to acquire the corresponding digestion enzymes or specific antibodies for most chiral molecules. Hence, the application scope of these two methods is limited. On the other hand, the computational method is a chiral qualitative method that is rapid, economical, and simple to operate, with a wide range of applications. This technique combines the circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy with theoretical calculations within the premise of CE separation. The underlying principle of this method covers two aspects. On the one hand, all chiral compounds can give CD signals, and a racemic mixture of isomers gives equal signals but with opposite signs. However, in the case of a non-racemic chiral isomer mixture, only the CD signal of the dominant isomers observed. Using the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), the theoretical CD spectrum of a single isomer can be obtained. By comparing the theoretical and experimental spectra, the configuration of the dominant enantiomer is determined. On the other hand, the peak area in electrophoresis is linearly related to the enantiomeric excess in the CE spectrum. By combining CE with CD, accurate separation and qualitative detection of chiral substances can be easily achieved. The method of calculation, independent of the standard, will greatly promote the development of chiral molecular analysis.