[POLYPEPTIDES INFLUENCE ON TISSUE CELL CULTURES REGENERATION OF VARIOUS AGE RATS].

A comparative study of polypeptides extracted from the tissues of calves: Cortexin (from brain cortex), Epinorm (from pineal gland), Ventvil (from liver), Prostatilen (from prostate), Thymalin (from thymus), Chelohart (from heart), Chondrolux (from cartilage) on the relevant organotypic tissue cultures of young and old rats, in concentration 0,01-100 ng/ml was performed. Polypeptides specifically stimulated "young" and "old" cell cultures growth in concentration 20-50 ng/ml. This effect correlates with increasing of PCNA and decreasing of p53 expression in brain cortex, pineal gland, liver, prostate, heart, cartilage. Moreover, Thymalin activated CD5, CD20 expression--markers of B-cells differentiation. These data show that polypeptides isolated from different tissues have selective molecular activity on the regeneration of suitable tissues in aging.

[Organization and delivery of therapeutic care in modern local wars and armed conflicts].

The system of providing therapeutic care within a united system of staged treatment of wounded and sick and evacuation was established during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 and helped to return 90,6% of casualties to duty. In terms of local wars and armed conflicts the most important task of military field therapy is to improve the provision of therapeutic support through regional and territorial principles, echeloning of forces and facilities, optimization of allocation of medical institutions in accordance with their capabilities, evacuation routes, etc. The organization of therapeutic assistance should be guided primarily by the size and structure of sanitary losses. In modern local wars cannot exclude the occurrence of massive sanitary losses with limited use of weapons of mass destruction, as a result of failure (with a conventional weapon or as a result of sabotage) of nuclear power plants, chemical plants, and transport containers containing toxic chemicals.

[Short peptides stimulate skin cell regeneration during ageing].

The actual goal of gerontocosmetology is deal with the research of new effective and harmless low- molecular substances. The influence of LK and AEDG peptides in concentrations 0.05-2.00 ng/ml on organotypic skin cell cultures proliferation in young and old animals were investigated. Peptides stimulated skin fibroblasts proliferation on 29-45% in skin cell cultures of young and old rats. This effect was observed in smaller concentration diapason and level during skin ageing in old cell cultures as compared to young cell cultures. These data open new approach for creation cosmetology substances in the base of LKand AEDG peptides.

[The effect of leucine and lysine dipeptides on the proliferation of the myocardium and spleen from young and old rats in organotypic culture].

The effect of new dipeptides consisting from leucine and lysine was investigated in organotypic tissue culture on the cell proliferation development in spleen and myocardium explants in 3- and 24-months old rats. Dipeptide L-Leu-Lys stimulated the cell proliferation in the young and old rats at concentrations 0,001-10 ng/ml and 0,01-1 ng/ml accordingly. Dipeptide L-Lys-Leu stimulated as well the cell proliferation in the young and old rats at some deviation of diapason of stimulating concentrations. The data obtained aboutthe new dipeptides with high biological activity create a basis for future research at the organism level for their application in geriatrics to enhance regenerative processes in lymphoid and myocard tissue.

[The effect of the amino acid combinations on cell proliferation in tissue cultures in old rats].

In organotypic tissue culture, the effect of the 20 coded amino acids combinations, in the effective concentration of 0.05 ng/ml, on the cell proliferation development in the spleen, myocardium, pancreas and brain cortex explants in 24 months rats was investigated. The combinations of two amino acids (stimulating and inhibiting proliferation) produced in the tissue culture the stimulating effect, exceeding by 8-10% as compared to the isolating effect of the stimulating amino acid. The results obtained form the base for the further synthesis of new effective dipeptides to be used to increase the regeneration of tissues when aging.

[Formation of therapeutic group of casualties in local wars and armed conflicts].

The necessity of improvement of the therapeutic care organization in the RF Armed Forces is dictated by the existing military threats. Conflicts between states or within a single country along with inefficiency of diplomatic, social and political efforts may lead to armed conflicts or local wars. Analysis of medical support results shows the consistent prevalence of therapeutic group of casualties in the overall structure of medical losses. 35-50% of all sanitary losses is accounted for by somatic diseases. Moreover, their structure is similar to the structure of the army's peacetime morbidity rate. Respiratory diseases head the list of somatic diseases in military personnel. Next--diseases of the digestive and circulatory systems. One of the most important tasks for physicians in wartime is early diagnosis and treatment of visceral pathology in the wounded. An additional point is that the use of tactical nuclear weapons during the armed conflict or local war cannot be completely excluded. There is also a real risk of nuclear and chemical facilities damage, with consequences that are comparable to the use of nuclear or chemical weapons. Thus, in the course of armed conflict or local war, military physicians can meet all possible therapeutic spectrum of pathology: from visceral pathology of peace and wartime to combat related therapeutic pathology.

[The protective effect of the amino acids in the action of cytostatic in culture of the lymphoid tissue of young and aged rats].

The effect of the cyclophosphane and amino acids with side charge radicales (basic--lysine, arginine, acid--asparagine and glutamic acid) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis development in lymphoide tissue explants in young rats (at age 3 months old) and old rats (at age 24 months old) was investigated in organotypic tissue culture. All amino acids in concentration of 10(-12) M stimulated proliferation in explants' growth zone of young rats and two amino acids (arginine, glutamic acid)--of old rats. Cyclophosphane in concentration of 1 mg/ml inhibited the explant cell proliferation. A delay of the cyclophosphane inhibitory effect was observed under the combined administration into the culture of cyclophosphane with each of the amino acids having a stimulated effect. Thus, the amino acids can possess a protective effect by action of DNA synthesis inhibitors both in young and old rats.

[The modulating effect of the horn extract from the saiga of different age on the organothypic lymphoid tissue culture].

The horn extracts from the saiga of different age were used to investigate its effect on organotypic tissue culture of explants from the rat spleen. From 4 to 10 amino acids were detected in the different extract fractions. The horn extracts from the young saiga, at the effective concentration 1 ng/ml, showed stimulating effect in spleen tissue cultures as compared to the control explants. No effect of extracts from the old saiga was observed in tissue culture. Possibly, a stimulation of the cellular proliferation is due to the great amino acid content in saiga horn; however this phenomenon is decreased by the aging.

Effects of hydrophobic amino acids and antibodies to nerve growth factor receptors on the development of splenic tissue culture from young and old rats.

The effects of hydrophobic L-amino acids alone and in the presence of monoclonal antibodies to nerve growth factor receptors NGFRp75 (apoptosis inductors) were studied on organotypic culture of splenic lymphoid tissue from young (3 months) and old (24 months) rats. Nine amino acids inhibited cell proliferation in splenic explants from young rats. This was paralleled by hyperexpression of p53 proapoptotic protein. Only two amino acids stimulated apoptosis in explants from old rats. The inhibitory effects on the development of splenic explants from young and old rats were abolished in the presence of antibodies to NGFRp75. Hence, the group of hydrophobic amino acids mediates the proapoptotic effect in the lymphoid tissue of old and young rats through nerve growth factor low affinity receptors.

[Cycloferon, as an agent in the therapy and urgent prophylaxis of influenza and acute respiratory tract viral infection (multicentre randomized controlled comparative study)].

Data on the study of the efficacy of the tablets of cycloferon, an early inductor of types 1 and 2 interferon, in the treatment of influenza and acute respiratory tract viral infections in adults are presented. The study enrolled 522 patients with moderate influenza of type A (H1N1) verified in 61% of the patients and type A (H3N2) verified in 7.5% of the cases. The patients were randomized with the envelope procedure. In the patients treated with cycloferon the intensity and period of the fever were stopped earlier and averaged from 1.8 to 3 days vs. 5 days in the reference group (symptomatic therapy). The improvement signs in the general state of the patients treated with cycloferon were noted on the 2nd day. The influenza complication as pneumonia was recorded in 2.2% of the patients treated with cycloferon, whereas in the patients under the symptomatic therapy the complications as bronchitis, pneumonia, angina were stated in 21.4% of the cases. For urgent prophylaxis of the influenza and respiratory tract viral infections (epidemiologic study) a group of 3717 subjects randomized with the table of random numbers was observed. 2080 patients were treated with cycloferon and 1637 patients were under the symptomatic therapy. The results were evaluated by the efficacy index and the protection estimate (T. A. Semenenko, 1991). The total efficacy index and the protection estimate in all the patients of the group were 4.9 and 79.8% respectively. The complicated forms of the disease were recorded in 1.5% of the patients treated with cycloferon and in 10.5 and 11.3% of the patients not treated with cycloferon.

[The effect of the amino acids and cardiogen on the development of myocard tissue culture from young and old rats].

The effect of 20 amino acids and the synthetic tetrapeptide cardiogen in concentration 10(-12) M was investigated in organotypic tissue culture on the cell proliferation and apoptosis development in myocard tissue explant in 3- and 24-months old rats. 7 of 20 amino acids stimulated the cell proliferation in the young rats. In the same time, only 2 amino acids were active in myocard culture from the old rats. The tetrapeptide cardiogen demonstrated the great stimulating effect on the proliferation both in tissues from young and old rats. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated a decrease of the p53 protein expression by cardiogen action. This fact can testify that cardiogen inhibits the apoptosis process in the myocard tissue.

[Cycloferon--a new domestic preparation for the prophylaxis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections]. / Tsikloferon--novyi otechestvennyi preparat dlia profilaktiki grippa i drugikh ORVI.

The results of the placebo-controlled multicenter study of the epidemiological efficiency of the preparation Cycloferon for the prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections in children and adolescents are presented. A total of 16,000 children and adolescents were selected for the study. The epidemiological efficiency of the preparation manifested in 1.5- 2.9-fold decreased morbidity level with a protection index equal to 41 - 90%, was demonstrated.

[Mechanisms of human adaptation to hypoxia]. / O mekhanizmakh adaptatsii cheloveka k gipoksicheskomu vozdeistviiu.

The effects of adaptation to cold-and-hypoxic exposure on the cardiovascular system, lipid peroxidation and concentrations of adaptogenesis involved hormones were studied in male students. The two weeks cold- and hypoxic training was shown to be accompanied by a significant increase of apnea duration, reduced velocity of bradycardia development and a more rapid ECG post-cold and- hypoxic exposure normalization, as well as by inhibition of activation of adrenal cortex and thyroid gland after stress of different nature. The changes of the character of influences between the indices under study, were demonstrated. The correlation analysis showed an increase of the human's adaptive potential and a decrease of its dependence on the adrenal cortex hormones.

[Activation of the antioxidant system as a factor in increasing the body resistance during combined adaptation]. / Aktivatsiia antioksidantnoi sistemy kak faktor povysheniia rezistentnosti organizma pri kombinirovannoi adaptatsii.

In semi-aquatic mammals (minks and muskrats) significant changes were found to occur in the leukocyte formula during adaptation to hypoxia, as compared with non-adapted rats and mice, although no increase in lipid peroxidation was found in any of their organs. This latter finding seems to be due to simultaneously enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In humans under professional stress, treatment with combined technology of adaptation: cold-and-hypoxic exposure, yields a positive therapeutic result accompanied by a decrease in lipid peroxidation and increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the blood. The data obtained suggest that the strategy of formation of protection against hypoxia and toxic free radical oxidation is common for the animals and humans.