Oncogenic potential of macrophage­capping protein in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.

Macrophage­capping protein (CapG) is a newly characterized oncogene involved in several types of cancer. However, the expression patterns and biological mechanisms of CapG in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of CapG in the prognosis, proliferation and metastasis of ccRCC. In the present study, the expression of CapG was analyzed by western blotting in 24 paired ccRCC and adjacent normal tissue samples. Another 152 tissue samples from 152 patients with ccRCC were examined by immunohistochemistry. Compared with normal tissue, CapG expression was significantly increased in ccRCC tissue, and high CapG expression was associated with advanced tumor stage, histological grade, lymph node metastasis, and poor overall survival. Moreover, CapG was an independent predictor of survival. Lentivirus­mediated CapG knockdown significantly inhibited 786­O cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, induced cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, and increased apoptosis in vitro. Microarray analysis indicated that RAC, CDC42 and ERK/MAPK signaling were disrupted by CapG knockdown in 786­O cells. In conclusion, the present findings indicate that CapG plays an oncogenic role in ccRCC and may represent a potential therapeutic target for this disease.

[Quantitative and comparative proteomics analysis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and adjacent noncancerous tissues by 2-D DIGE].

OBJECTIVE: To identify specific protein markers for renal cell carcinoma detection and diagnosis, as well as develop new potential therapeutic targets of the disease. METHODS: We used two-dimensional difference in-gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) technique conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of significant differentially expressed proteins between 15cases of paired clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and adjacent normal renal tissues. The protein spots were considered as differentially expressed if a 1.5-fold altered expression level was observed (Student's t test, P value<0.05). RESULTS: Of the 27 differentially expressed protein spots, 26 proteins were successfully identified. 11 proteins up-regulated in renal cell carcinoma,15 proteins down-regulated. Among them Short/branched chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, mitochondrial (ACDSB), Aldose 1-epimerase (GALM), Peroxiredoxin-4 (PRDX4), Macrophage-capping protein (CAPG), Beta-defensin 107 (D107A), Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) were first time screening as new differential expressed proteins by protomic study in renal cell carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: 2-D DIGE is a useful technique for screening and analysis differential expressed proteins in renal cell carcinoma. These new differently expressed proteins may be useful for development new molecular markers for the tumor.

Saikosaponin-d: A potential chemotherapeutics in castration resistant prostate cancer by suppressing cancer metastases and cancer stem cell phenotypes.

Androgen deprivation therapy is the gold standard regimen for advanced Prostate cancer (PCa) patients, nevertheless, patients eventually develop into castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Currently only a few chemotherapeutics are available for CRPC. Therefore, it is critical for identifying a new drug. In this study, we will explore a new agent, Saikosaponin-d (SSd), for CRPC therapy based on its mechanism of action. DU145 and CWR22Rv1 cells representing CRPC were employed in this study. A series of cell, biochemical, and molecular biologic assays such as Immunofluorescence, Zymography, Sphere formation, Colony formation, and MTT were used. Finally, we find SSd can significantly inhibit the growth of PCa cells in both dose- and time-dependent and suppress the colony formation during a long-term drug administration, it also can inhibit their migration and invasion abilities, which was accompanied by reverse the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and suppress MMP2/9 expression as well as activities. Furthermore, SSd can suppress cancer stem cell (CSC) phenotypes such as self-renewal ability. Mechanistically, SSd blocks Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway by decreasing GSK3ß phosphorylation to affect EMT and CSC. These findings demonstrate the mechanism of anti-cancer activity of SSd in targeting EMT and CSC, suggesting SSd can be a potent agent for CRPC therapy.

Associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Considerable controversy exists regarding the associations of dietary patterns with the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Therefore, a meta-analysis was conducted to elucidate the potential associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. The PubMed database was searched for prospective cohort studies on the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality published until February 2014. Random-effects models were used to calculate the summary relative risk estimates (SRRE) based on the highest v. the lowest category of dietary pattern scores. Stratified analyses were conducted based on sex, geographical region, follow-up duration, and adjustment/non-adjustment for energy intake. A total of thirteen prospective cohort studies involving 338 787 participants were included in the meta-analysis. There was evidence of inverse associations between the prudent/healthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 0·76, 95% CI 0·68, 0·86) and CVD (SRRE = 0·81, 95% CI 0·75, 0·87) mortality and an absence of association between this dietary pattern and stroke mortality (SRRE = 0·89, 95% CI 0·77, 1·02). However, no significant associations were observed between the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern and the risk of all-cause (SRRE = 1·07, 95% CI 0·96, 1·20), CVD (SRRE = 0·99, 95% CI 0·91, 1·08) and stroke (SRRE = 0·94, 95% CI 0·81, 1·10) mortality. In conclusion, the findings provide evidence that greater adherence to a prudent/healthy dietary pattern is associated with a lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality and not significantly associated with stroke mortality and that the Western/unhealthy dietary pattern is not associated with all-cause, CVD and stroke mortality. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

Intravenous misplacement of nephrostomy tube following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Three new cases and review of seven cases in the literature.

PURPOSE: We investigated the characteristics and management of patients with intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between July 2007 and July 2013, 4148 patients with urolithiasis underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in our hospital. Intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube occurred in two of these patients. Another patient with intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube, who underwent PCNL in another hospital, was transferred to our hospital. The data of the three patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube following PCNL was 0.5% (2/4148) at our hospital. A solitary kidney was present in one of the three patients. The tip of tube was located into the inferior vena cava (IVC) in two patients and into the renal vein in one patient. All three patients were successfully managed with strict bed rest, intravenous antibiotics and one-step (one patient) or two-step (two patients) tube withdrawal under close monitoring. None of the patients underwent antithrombotic therapy. The original operations were performed successfully under close observation in two patients and changed to another operation in one patient. All patients were discharged uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube following PCNL is 0.5% at our hospital. Intravenous nephrostomy tube misplacement is an uncommon complication of PCNL. A solitary kidney may render patients susceptible to this complication. Most patients may be managed conservatively with strict bed rest, intravenous antibiotics and one-step or two-step tube withdrawal under close monitoring.

Intravenous misplacement of nephrostomy tube following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Three new cases and review of seven cases in the literature

Purpose We investigated the characteristics and management of patients with intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube. Materials and Methods Between July 2007 and July 2013, 4148 patients with urolithiasis underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in our hospital. Intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube occurred in two of these patients. Another patient with intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube, who underwent PCNL in another hospital, was transferred to our hospital. The data of the three patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results The incidence of intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube following PCNL was 0.5% (2/4148) at our hospital. A solitary kidney was present in one of the three patients. The tip of tube was located into the inferior vena cava (IVC) in two patients and into the renal vein in one patient. All three patients were successfully managed with strict bed rest, intravenous antibiotics and one-step (one patient) or two-step (two patients) tube withdrawal under close monitoring. None of the patients underwent antithrombotic therapy. The original operations were performed successfully under close observation in two patients and changed to another operation in one patient. All patients were discharged uneventfully. Conclusions The incidence of intravenous misplacement of a nephrostomy tube following PCNL is 0.5% at our hospital. Intravenous nephrostomy tube misplacement is an uncommon complication of PCNL. A solitary kidney may render patients susceptible to this complication. Most patients may be managed conservatively with strict bed rest, intravenous antibiotics and one-step or two-step tube withdrawal under close monitoring. .

[Value of MN/CAIX in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of MN/CAIX in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and assess the value of MN/CAIX in the diagnosis of RCC. METHODS: RT-PCR was employed to detect MN/CAIX mRNA in the carcinoma tissue and peripheral blood of 62 patients with RCC, using normal renal tissue and peripheral blood sample from 32 patients without RCC as control. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect MN/CAIX protein in the tissue specimens of clear cell RCC (n=36), non-clear cell renal neoplasm (n=17) and normal kidney (n=16). RESULTS: The positivity rate of MN/CAIX mRNA was 82.3% (51/62) in renal carcinoma tissues and 54.8% (34/62) in the peripheral blood from patients with RCC, significantly higher than the rates in the control cases (P<0.05). In cases of clear cell renal cell carcinoma, the positivity rate of MN/CAIX mRNA was 98% (49/50) in the carcinoma tissues and 66% (33/50) in the peripheral blood, significantly higher than the rates in cases of non-clear cell type of RCC (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed a significantly higher positivity rate of MN/CAIX protein in clear cell RCC tissues [97.2% (35/36)] than in non-clear cell renal neoplasm and normal renal tissues (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: MN/CAIX is specifically overexpressed in RCC, especially in clear cell RCC, suggesting its potential in the diagnosis and prognostic and therapeutic evaluation of RCC.

[Meta-analysis of dapoxetine on demand in the treatment of premature ejaculation].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of dapoxetine on demand for premature ejaculation and provide evidence for clinical decision-making. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, BIOSIS Previews, Cochrane Library, CNKI Database and Wanfang Database for literature on dapoxetine on demand for premature ejaculation. We performed meta-analysis on the identified publications and evaluated its therapeutic efficacy based on the intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), patient-reported global impression of change (PGI), and composite PRO criteria for clinical benefit (CCCB). RESULTS: Four relevant studies were included involving 6 081 cases of premature ejaculation. Compared with the placebo controls, the patients treated with dapoxetine on demand showed significant improvement in IELT (WMD = 1.39, 95% CI [1.23, 1.55], P < 0.000 01), PGI (OR = 2.59, 95% CI [2.21, 3.04], P < 0. 000 01), and CCCB (OR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.98, 3.39], P < 0.000 01). There were significant differences between the 60 mg and 30 mg dapoxetine groups in IELT (WMD = 0.46, 95% CI [0.19, 0.74], P = 0.001 0) and PGI (OR = 1.32, 95% CI [1.06, 1.64], P = 0.01), but not in CCCB (OR = 1.39, 95% CI [0.90, 2.15], P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: Dapoxetine on demand can prolong IELT and improve PGI and CCCB, either at the dose of 60 mg or 30 mg, and has an even better efficacy in prolonging IELT and improving PGI at 60 mg.

[Circumcision anastomat in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce in children].

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the experience in the application of circumcision anastomat in the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce in children. METHODS: A total of 551 children with phimosis or redundant prepuce were treated by circumcision from 2008 to 2010, 342 with circumcision anastomat and the other 209 by traditional circumcision. Their clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Compared with traditional circumcision, circumcision with the anastomat showed the advantages of less operation time (P < 0.05), fewer complications, no need for dressing, and better cosmetic appearance, but it also exhibited the disadvantages of longer healing time (P < 0.05) and more obvious postoperative pain (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Circumcision with the anastomat and traditional circumcision for the treatment of phimosis and redundant prepuce in children each have their own advantages and disadvantages, but the former is more advantageous and more feasible clinically.

Patient outcome and prognostic factors of renal cell carcinoma in clinical stage T(1-3)N(1-2)M(0): a single-institution analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To report our data of patients with clinical stage T(1-3)N(1-2)M(0) renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and explore the biological behavior of this malignancy. METHODS: A total of 531 patients with no distant metastatic RCC underwent open radical nephrectomy at our institution between 1988 and 2008, among whom 42 patients with histological nodal metastases had successful surgical tumor resection. The clinical data and outcomes of the 42 patients were analyzed. RESULTS: Of those 42 patients, 19.0% had T1, 21.4% had T2, and 59.5% had T3 stage tumors; 42.9% had N1 and 57.1% had N2 stage tumors. Tumor recurred in 30 (71.4%) patients after the surgery, and death occurred in 26 (61.9%) cases at the last follow-up; among the recurrent cases, 83.3% (25/30) had multiple metastases at the initial recurrence. The median cancer-specific survival (CSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was 23 and 11 months in these cases, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Fuhrman grade (P=0.005), N stage (P=0.014) and T stage (P=0.037) were the independent predictors of CSS; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (PS) (P=0.002), tumor size (P=0.007), Fuhrman grade (P=0.009) and N stage (P=0.019) were the independent predictors of DFS. CONCLUSION: Patients with T(1-3)N(1-2)M(0) RCC have poor prognosis. N stage is an independent predictor of both CSS and DFS, suggesting that extended lymph node dissection should be performed when suspicious enlarged nodal disease is found during surgery.

[Impact of asymptomatic prostatitis on semen quality].

OBJECTIVES: To study the impact of asymptomatic prostatitis on semen parameters. METHOD: Based on the count of WBC in EPS, we assigned 152 patients with asymptomatic (type IV) prostatitis to Groups A (WBC + to + +) and B (WBC + + + to + + + +), and included 68 normal healthy men controls in Group C. All the patients were examined for the volume, pH value and liquefaction time of the semen, sperm concentration, sperm survival rate, grade a sperm percentage, morphologically normal sperm percentage, WBC count, and accompanying inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS: The semen liquefaction time, grade a sperm percentage and morphologically normal sperm percentage were (24.5 +/- 5.2) min, 20.0 +/- 4.1 and 10.5 +/- 4.8 in Group A, (30.4 +/- 5.0) min, 10.0 +/- 3.8 and 7.5 +/- 4.2 in Group B, and (18.5 +/- 5.3) min, 32.3 +/- 4.5 and 17.8 +/- 3.6 in Group C, with statistically significant differences between A and B (P < 0.01). The pH value, semen volume, sperm survival rate and sperm concentration were 7.6 +/- 0.3, (3.0 +/- 1.1) ml, 56.0 +/- 6.0 and (65.9 +/- 11.3) x 10(6)/ml in Group A, 7.7 +/- 0.3, (2.8 +/- 1.2) ml, 52.3 +/- 6.3 and (62.5 +/- 10.3) x 10(6)/ml in Group B, and 7.5 +/- 0.2, (2.9 +/- 1.2) ml, 62.1.0 +/- 5.3 and (87.7 +/- 10.1) x 10(6)/ml in Group C, with no significant differences among the three groups (P > 0.05). The contents of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the semen were (58.64 +/- 30.82) pg/ml and (50.57 +/- 27.48) pg/ml in Group B, significantly increased as compared with (17.68 +/- 5.65) pg/ml and (23.50 +/- 4.80) pg/ml in Group C (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic prostatitis effects significant changes in the major parameters of the patient's semen quality.

[Synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and squamous cell carcinoma of the ureter: report of two cases and review of literature].

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter. METHODS: The clinical data of two cases of synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. In case 1, a 68-year-old man with hematuria for a month, imaging modalities revealed a right renal pelvis tumor and a right distal ureter tumor. The patient underwent nephroureterectomy and excision of the bladder cuff. Case 2, a 60-year-old man with the complaint of lower abdominal pain and left flank pain for a month, was diagnosed as left distal ureteral stone in another hospital. Ureterolithotomy was performed and a ureteral tumor was found at the lower site of the stone intraoperatively. The pathological report demonstrated SCC, and the patient was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. We found a left renal mass invading the left hemicolon during surgery, and nephroureterectomy was performed with a bladder cuff excision, left hemicolon resection, and also complete lymph node dissection. Neither of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy. RESULTS: Moderately differentiated SCC was reported in both of renal pelvis and ureter in case 1 and the tumor invaded the subepithelial connective tissue in the renal pelvis and superficial muscle in the ureter. In case 2, moderately differentiated SCC of the left renal pelvis with colon metastasis and poorly differentiated SCC of the ureter was reported with two retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. The two patients died from tumor recurrence and metastasis 5 and 6 months after the surgery, respectively. CONCLUSION: Synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter are rare and has high likeliness of early recurrence and metastasis, often with poor prognosis.

[Expression of P27kip1 in renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 in renal cell carcinoma and its clinical significance. METHODS: The expressions of p27kip1 mRNA and protein were evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting and immunohistochemistry with tissue chip technique in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tissues, adjacent tissues and 786-0 cell line. The relationship between the expression of p27kip1 and the tumor size, the clinical stage, pathological type and stage were evaluated, and the results by the 3 methods were analyzed to evaluate the relationship between the mRNA and protein of p27kip1. RESULTS: The expression of p27kip1 protein (detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting) in RCC tissue was significantly lower than that in the adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05). The expression of p27kip1 mRNA (by RT-PCR) showed no significant difference between the two groups. p27kip1 protein expression was found to be inversely correlated to the tumor grade and clinical stage (P<0.05). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed a high coincidence rate in the detection of P27kip1 protein expression in RCC samples (P<0.001, K=0.828). CONCLUSION: p27kip1 mRNA expression shows no difference between RCC and normal tissues, while the protein expression is significantly lower in the cancer tissues, suggesting a regulatory mechanism of p27kip1 expression at the transcriptional level. Low expression of p27kip1 protein may promote the development and progression of RCC. p27kip1 protein may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of RCC.

[Predictive value of fluorescence in situ hybridization in patients with bladder cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in the diagnosis of bladder cancer. METHODS: Urine samples from 100 patients suspected of having bladder cancer were collected before cystoscopy for immediate urine cytology and FISH analysis. The criteria for FISH abnormality were determined by evaluating the urine specimens from 20 subjects without urogenital neoplasm. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of cytology and FISH was 43.2% and 82.4%, and their specificity was 92.3% and 88.5%, with diagnostic concordance rate of 56.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The differences between FISH and cytology showed statistical significance in the sensitivity, diagnostic concordance rate, non-muscle-invasive cancer and primary cancer. CONCLUSION: The sensitivity and efficiency of FISH in the detection of bladder cancer are superior to those of cytology, especially for prophase cancer.

[Extracorpreal shockwave lithotripsy in treatment of bilateral ureteral calculi with renal colic during emergency].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) for bilateral ureteral stones with renal colic in emergency. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 86 patients suffered with sudden renal colic due to bilateral ureteral stones and treated with ESWL between January 2005 and January 2009. RESULTS: The success rate was 74.4% after a single ESWL session, and the overall success rate was 82.6%. Significant difference in stone length was observed between successful group and failed group (P<0.01). The stone position did not produce significant impact on the outcome of the treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: ESWL is an effective treatment modality in emergency for small-length and short-term obstruction bilateral ureteral stones with remal colic.

[Correlation of aging with psychological and organic ED: nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment of 83 cases].

OBJECTIVE: The ratio of psychological to organic ED changes with aging. This study aimed to analyze the results of nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA) for ED patients of different age groups and their significance in the diagnosis of ED. METHODS: A total of 83 ED patients were divided into 4 age groups (< or = 29 yr, 30 -39 yr, 40 -49 yr and > or = 50 yr) and detected for nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) by NEVA. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the cases were diagnosed as organic ED, and the other 49 as psychological ED. With the increase of age, the former was increased from 30.3% in the < or = 29 yr group to 60.0% in the > or = 50 yr group, while the latter decreased from 69.7% to 40.0%. CONCLUSION: The percentage of organic ED tends to grow with the increase of age, while that of psychological ED is just the opposite.

[Efficacy of low-dose tadalafil on ED assessed by Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of low-dose oral tadalafil on self-esteem, confidence and sexual relationship in ED patients. METHODS: We treated 17 ED patients with oral tadalafil at the low dose of 5 mg once daily for 12 weeks, and used the paired t test to compare their scores on The Self-Esteem and Relationship Questionnaire (SEAR) and IIEF-5 and the results of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) obtained by nocturnal electrobioimpedance volumetric assessment (NEVA) before and after the medication. RESULTS: The scores on SEAR and IIEF-5 were significantly increased (P < 0.01) and NPT markedly improved (P < 0.05) after tadalafil treatment as compared with the baseline. CONCLUSION: Low-dose oral tadalafil once daily can significantly improve the self-esteem, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction and NPT of ED patients.

[Identification of human testicular embryonal carcinoma proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry].

OBJECTIVE: To separate and identify human testicular embryonal carcinoma proteomics using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry. METHODS: Immobilized pH gradient two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to separate the total proteins of the samples. After silver staining, PDQuest 7.30 image analysis software was applied to analyze the 2-DE images. Three of the proteins highly expressed in human testicular embryonal carcinoma were identified by matrix-assisted laser adsorption/ionization-time of flight-tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS/MS). RESULTS: 2-DE effectively screened the differentially expressed proteins in the carcinoma tissues. Three proteins highly expressed in the carcinoma were successfully identified. CONCLUSION: The proteins of human testicular embryonal carcinoma can be effectively separated and analyzed using 2-DE and mass spectrometry. Proteomic analysis offers a new means for further study of this carcinoma.

[Diagnosis and treatment of transverse testicular ectopia: a case report and literature review].

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of transverse testicular ectopia (TTE). METHODS: A case of TTE was treated with orchidopexy. RESULTS: Six months after the operation, both of the two testes were in proper positions with normal vascular supply. CONCLUSION: TTE is a rare congenital abnormality of the male reproductive system with unknown etiology, and surgical correction remains the best option for treatment.

Reduced expression of programmed cell death 5 protein in tissue of human prostate cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) in tissues of normal human prostate (NP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa) in order to assess the clinical role of PDCD5 in PCa. METHODS: PDCD5 expression was determined by EnVision immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimens obtained from 12 subjects with NP, 22 with BPH, and 22 with PCa. In addition, PCa cases were classified as low/middle-risk (Gleason sum < or = 7) and high-risk (Gleason sum >7) on the basis of Gleason grade. Positive expression rates and intensity of PDCD5 protein were observed under light microscope and analyzed with computer imaging technique. Expression of PDCD5 was compared among different prostatic tissues. RESULTS: The expression of PDCD5 was significantly lower in tissue of PCa than in tissues of NP and BPH (P<0.01). However, there was no significant difference in PDCD5 expression between tissues of NP and BPH. In addition, the expression of PDCD5 was further downregulated with the increase of Gleason sum in PCa. CONCLUSIONS: By downregulating apoptosis, low PDCD5 expression may play an important role in the occurrence and development of PCa. PDCD5 is supposed to have a potential clinical value to be a new predictor of progression and target of gene therapy in PCa.