[An interferometer design for Fourier transform infrared spectrometer].

A novel interferometer system based on the combinations of cube-corner reflectors and fixed plane mirrors was designed to improve the quality of spectra. It consists of a pair of cube corner reflectors, two fixed perpendicular plane mirrors and one beam splitter. By analyzing the modulation depth and phase error, the tilt and shearing of the cube corner reflectors, the deviation angle of cube corner reflector, the tilt of fixed plane mirrors and the deviation angle of two fixed plane mirrors were analyzed. It was proved that the tilt and shearing of the cube corner reflectors, and the deviation angle of two fixed plane mirrors, have no effects on the modulation depth and phase error of this new interferometer system, and the effect from the vibration, temperature fluctuations and other external environmental factors also can be effectively reduced, which can significantly improve the spectral resolution and quality. Through some experiments, it was found that the instrument has a simple structure, good sealing, high resolution, strong stability and other advantages

[A two-dimensional double dispersed hadamard transform spectrometer].

A kind of two-dimensional hadamard transform spectrometer was developed. A grating was used for chromatic dispersion of orders and a prism was used for spectral dispersion. Quite different from traditional CCD detection method, a digital micromirror device (DMD) was applied for optical modulation, and a simple point detector was used as the sensor. Compared with traditional two-dimensional spectrometer, it has the advantage of high resolution and signal-noise-ratio, which was proved by theoretical calculation and computer simulation.

[Expression of a plant associated human cancer antigen in breast cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of a glycoprotein of plant origin in normal, benign and malignant breast tissues. METHODS: Expression of a plant glycoprotein was examined in 5 samples of normal breast tissues, 20 fibro-adenoma and 136 breast cancer by SABC immunohistochemical staining and the results were analyzed by SPSS statistics software. RESULTS: No positive staining was detected in normal breast tissues (0/5). Weak staining was observed in 4 of 20 (20.0%) breast fibro-adenoma. Positive staining was demonstrated in 116 out of 136 (85.3%) breast cancer specimens. The differences were statistically significant. The expression of plant-associated human cancer antigen was related to pathological grade (P < 0.05), tissue invasiveness (P < 0.01) and recurrence (P < 0.05), but not to patients' age, tumor size and c-erbB-2 expression. CONCLUSION: The plant glycoprotein studied may be a human cancer-associated antigen which might be a potential marker of breast cancer.

Expression of a plant-associated human cancer antigen in normal, premalignant and malignant esophageal tissues.

AIM: To study the relationship between the expression profiles of a plant-associated human cancer antigen and carcinogenesis of esophagus and its significance. METHODS: We analyzed expression of a plant-associated human cancer antigen in biopsy specimens of normal (n=29), mildly hyperplastic (n=29), mildly (n=30), moderately (n=27) and severely dysplastic (n=29) and malignant esophageal (n=30) tissues by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The plant-associated human cancer antigen was mainly confined to the cytoplasm and showed diffuse type of staining. Positive staining was absent or weak in normal (0/30) and mildly hyperplastic tissue samples (2/29), while strong staining was observed in severe dysplasia (23/29) and carcinoma in situ (24/30). There was significant difference of its expression between normal mucosa and severely dysplastic tissues (P<0.001) or carcinoma in situ (P<0.001). Significant difference was also observed between mild dysplasia and severe dysplasia (P<0.001) or carcinoma in situ (P<0.001). An overall trend toward increased staining intensity with increasing grade of dysplasia was found. There was a linear correlation between grade of lesions and staining intensity (r=0.794, P<0.001). Samples from esophageal cancer showed no higher levels of expression than those in severely dysplastic lesions (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal expression of this plant-associated human cancer antigen in esophageal lesions is a frequent and early finding in the normal-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence in esophageal carcinogenesis. It might contribute to the carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer. The abnormal expression of this plant-associated human cancer antigen in esophageal lesion tissues may serve as a potential new biomarker for early identification of esophageal cancer.