The Asian rock-dwelling antlions Gatzara Navás, 1915 and Nepsalus Navás, 1914 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae): new advancements in systematics, biogeography and life history.

The antlion genera Gatzara and Nepsalus (Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae) inhabit mountain forests and are characterised by camouflaging larvae. Both genera remain poorly known despite recent findings on systematics and distribution. We report the discovery of new specimens and the previously unknown larvae of the rare species Gatzara jubilaea Navás, 1915, Nepsalus insolitus (Walker, 1860) and N. decorosus (Yang, 1988). These provide new evidence regarding the affinities of these species, and updated knowledge of the distribution, larval morphology and biology. Moreover, a new species of Nepsalus , N. maclachlani Badano, Zheng & Liu, sp. nov. is described from Sri Lanka based on historical museum collections. The discovery of the immature stages of Gatzara shows that the larvae of this genus share the same specialised ecological characteristics and habits as those of Nepsalus but are less morphologically derived. We also reconstruct a molecular phylogeny of this lineage, estimating the divergence time and biogeographical history by adding the new samples. The evolution of the Gatzara + Nepsalus lineage is associated with two major mountain ranges on the southern Tibetan Plateau, i.e. the Himalayas and the Hengduan Mountains. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:68E68211-DFC1-4D98-997B-8A23BA8F9B69.

Taxonomic notes on two antlion genera Holzezus Krivokhatsky, 1992 and Subgulina Krivokhatsky, 1996 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Myrmecaelurini) from China.

A little-known antlion genus, i.e., Holzezus Krivokhatsky, 1992, with its type species H. compactus Krivokhatsky, 1992, is first recorded from China based on newly collected specimens from Turpan-Hami region of Xinjiang. In this region, another rare genus Subgulina Krivokhatsky, 1996, with its type species S. kerzhneri Krivokhatsky, 1996, in which the males possess a sac-like structure from the gula, is rediscovered from China. In addition, we briefly discuss the complicated phylogenetic relationships among the genera of Myrmecaelurini and other related lineages with similar habitat preference to the arid areas.

Early energy performance analysis of smart buildings by consolidated artificial neural network paradigms.

The assessment of energy performance in smart buildings has emerged as a prominent area of research driven by the increasing energy consumption trends worldwide. Analyzing the attributes of buildings using optimized machine learning models has been a highly effective approach for estimating the cooling load (CL) and heating load (HL) of the buildings. In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used as the basic predictor that undergoes optimization using five metaheuristic algorithms, namely coati optimization algorithm (COA), gazelle optimization algorithm (GOA), incomprehensible but intelligible-in-time logics (IbIL), osprey optimization algorithm (OOA), and sooty tern optimization algorithm (STOA) to predict the CL and HL of a residential building. The models are trained and tested via an Energy Efficiency dataset (downloaded from UCI Repository). A score-based ranking system is built upon three accuracy evaluators including mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and percentage-Pearson correlation coefficient (PPCC) to compare the prediction accuracy of the models. Referring to the results, all models demonstrated high accuracy (e.g., PPCCs >89%) for predicting both CL and HL. However, the calculated final scores of the models (43, 20, 39, 38, and 10 in HL prediction and 36, 20, 42, 42, and 10 in CL prediction for the STOA, OOA, IbIL, GOA, and COA, respectively) indicated that the GOA, IbIL, and STOA perform better than COA and OOA. Moreover, a comparison with various algorithms used in earlier literature showed that the GOA, IbIL, and STOA provide a more accurate solution. Therefore, the use of ANN optimized by these three algorithms is recommended for practical early forecast of energy performance in buildings and optimizing the design of energy systems.

Capture of regulatory factors via CRISPR-dCas9 for mechanistic analysis of fine-tuned SERRATE expression in Arabidopsis.

SERRATE (SE) plays an important role in many biological processes and under biotic stress resistance. However, little about the control of SE has been clarified. Here we present a method named native chromatin-associated proteome affinity by CRISPR-dCas9 (CASPA-dCas9) to holistically capture native regulators of the SE locus. Several key regulatory factors including PHYTOCHROME RAPIDLY REGULATED 2 (PAR2), WRKY DNA-binding protein 19 (WRKY19) and the MYB-family protein MYB27 of SE are identified. MYB27 recruits the long non-coding RNA-PRC2 (SEAIR-PRC2) complex for H3K27me3 deposition on exon 1 of SE and subsequently represses SE expression, while PAR2-MYB27 interaction inhibits both the binding of MYB27 on the SE promoter and the recruitment of SEAIR-PRC2 by MYB27. The interaction between PAR2 and MYB27 fine-tunes the SE expression level at different developmental stages. In addition, PAR2 and WRKY19 synergistically promote SE expression for pathogen resistance. Collectively, our results demonstrate an efficient method to capture key regulators of target genes and uncover the precise regulatory mechanism for SE.

Intracellular Protein Adsorption Behavior and Biological Effects of Polystyrene Nanoplastics in THP-1 Cells.

Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) are emerging pollutants that can adsorb pollutants in the environment and biological molecules and ultimately affect human health. However, the aspects of adsorption of intracellular proteins onto MNPs and its biological effects in cells have not been investigated to date. The present study revealed that 100 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (NPs) could be internalized by THP-1 cells and specifically adsorbed intracellular proteins. In total, 773 proteins adsorbed onto NPs with high reliability were identified using the proteomics approach and analyzed via bioinformatics to predict the route and distribution of NPs following cellular internalization. The representative proteins identified via the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were further investigated to characterize protein adsorption onto NPs and its biological effects. The analysis revealed that NPs affect glycolysis through pyruvate kinase M (PKM) adsorption, trigger the unfolded protein response through the adsorption of ribophorin 1 (RPN1) and heat shock 70 protein 8 (HSPA8), and are chiefly internalized into cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis with concomitant clathrin heavy chain (CLTC) adsorption. Therefore, this work provides new insights and research strategies for the study of the biological effects caused by NPs.

Transcriptomic Analysis of THP-1 Cells Exposed by Monosodium Urate Reveals Key Genes Involved in Gout.

BACKGROUND: Gout is a common inflammatory arthritis, which is mainly caused by the deposition of monosodium urate (MSU) in tissues. Transcriptomics was used to explore the pathogenesis and treatment of gout in our work. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze and validate potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in THP-1 cells that were exposed to MSU. METHODS: THP-1 cells were exposed to MSU. The inflammatory effect was characterized, and RNA-Seq analysis was then carried out. The differential genes obtained by RNA-Seq were analyzed with gene expression omnibus (GEO) series 160170 (GSE160170) gout-related clinical samples in the GEO database and gout-related genes in the GeneCards database. From the three analysis approaches, the genes with significant differences were verified by the differential genes' transcription levels. The interaction relationship of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) was proposed by ceRNA network analysis. RESULTS: MSU significantly promoted the release of IL-1ß and IL-18 in THP-1 cells, which aggravated their inflammatory effect. Through RNA-Seq, 698 differential genes were obtained, including 606 differential mRNA and 92 differential `LncRNA. Cross-analysis of the RNA-Seq differential genes, the GSE160170 differential genes, and the gout-related genes in GeneCards revealed a total of 17 genes coexisting in the tripartite data. Furthermore, seven differential genes-C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CXCL2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), C-C motif chemokine ligand 3 (CCL3), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), oncostatin M (OSM), and MIR22 host gene (MIR22HG)-were verified as key genes that analyzed the weight of genes in pathways, the enrichment of inflammationrelated pathways, and protein-protein interaction (PPI)nodes combined with the expression of genes in RNA-Seq and GSE160170. It is suggested that MIR22HG may regulate OSM and SOCS3 through microRNA 4271 (miR-4271), OSM, and SOCS3m; CCL3 through microRNA 149-3p (miR-149-3p); and CXCL2 through microRNA 4652-3p (miR-4652-3p). CONCLUSION: The potential of CXCL8, CXCL2, TNF, CCL3, SOCS3, and OSM as gout biomarkers and MIR22HG as a therapeutic target for gout are proposed, which provide new insights into the mechanisms of gout biomarkers and therapeutic methods.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the association between tongue position and upper airway morphology in adults: A cross-sectional study.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between low tongue position (LTP) and the volume and dimensions of the nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal, and hypopharyngeal segments of the upper airway. Methods: A total of 194 subjects, including 91 males and 103 females were divided into a resting tongue position (RTP) group and a LTP group according to their tongue position. Subjects in the LTP group were divided into four subgroups (Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4) according to the intraoral space volume. The 3D slicer software was used to measure the volume and minimum and average cross-sectional areas of each group. Airway differences between the RTP and LTP groups were analyzed to explore the association between tongue position and the upper airway. Results: No significant differences were found in the airway dimensions between the RTP and LTP groups. For both retropalatal and retroglossal segments, the volume and average cross-sectional area were significantly greater in the patients with extremely low tongue position. Regression analysis showed that the retroglossal airway dimensions were positively correlated with the intraoral space volume and negatively correlated with A point-nasion-B point and palatal plane to mandibular plane. Males generally had larger retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airways than females. Conclusions: Tongue position did not significantly influence upper airway volume or dimensions, except in the extremely LTP subgroup.

Cyclin-G-associated kinase GAK/dAux regulates autophagy initiation via ULK1/Atg1 in glia.

Autophagy is a major means for the elimination of protein inclusions in neurons in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Yet, the mechanism of autophagy in the other brain cell type, glia, is less well characterized and remains largely unknown. Here, we present evidence that the PD risk factor, Cyclin-G-associated kinase (GAK)/Drosophila homolog Auxilin (dAux), is a component in glial autophagy. The lack of GAK/dAux increases the autophagosome number and size in adult fly glia and mouse microglia, and generally up-regulates levels of components in the initiation and PI3K class III complexes. GAK/dAux interacts with the master initiation regulator UNC-51like autophagy activating kinase 1/Atg1 via its uncoating domain and regulates the trafficking of Atg1 and Atg9 to autophagosomes, hence controlling the onset of glial autophagy. On the other hand, lack of GAK/dAux impairs the autophagic flux and blocks substrate degradation, suggesting that GAK/dAux might play additional roles. Importantly, dAux contributes to PD-like symptoms including dopaminergic neurodegeneration and locomotor function in flies. Our findings identify an autophagy factor in glia; considering the pivotal role of glia under pathological conditions, targeting glial autophagy is potentially a therapeutic strategy for PD.

HPV18 E6 inhibits α-ketoglutarate-induced pyroptosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells via the P53/MDH1/ROS/GSDMC pathway.

Oncogene E6 plays a critical role in the development and progression of esophageal cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key metabolite in the tricarboxylic acid cycle and has been widely used as a dietary and anti-ageing supplement. In this study, we found that treating esophageal squamous carcinoma cells with a high dose of AKG can induce cell pyroptosis. Furthermore, our research confirms that HPV18 E6 inhibits AKG-induced pyroptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells by lowering P53 expression. P53 downregulates malate dehydrogenase 1 (MDH1) expression; however, MDH1 downregulates L-2-hydroxyglutarate (L-2HG) expression, which inhibits a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels-as L-2HG is responsible for excessive ROS. This study reveals the actuating mechanism behind cell pyroptosis of esophageal squamous carcinoma cells induced by high concentrations of AKG, and we posit the molecular pathway via which the HPV E6 oncoprotein inhibits cell pyroptosis.

Taxonomic notes on the antlion tribe Palparini Banks (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae) from Pakistan.

The antlion tribe Palparini Banks, 1911 (Myrmeleontidae: Ascalaphinae) currently comprises five genera and seven species in Pakistan. The taxonomic status of three genera, namely Indopalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988, Palpares Rambur, 1842, and Parapalpares Insom & Carfi, 1988, are revised herein. Indopalpares pardus (Rambur, 1842), Palpares zebratus Rambur, 1842, and Parapalpares solidus (Gerstaecker, 1894) are redescribed based on the material from the northern areas of Pakistan. The following taxonomic and nomenclatural changes are proposed: Palpares patiens is re-established as valid species, and P. infimus is transferred to senior synonym of P. patiens from P. zebratus; Palpares trichogaster syn. nov. is considered a new synonym of Palpares zebratus. The re-find of the rarely known endemic species Palpares zebratus from northern areas in Pakistan reveals its wider distribution far from its type localities in the southern Indian state (Tamil Nadu) and the southern province in Pakistan (Sindh). Taxonomic remarks, distribution maps, and detailed photographs of three species are provided based on both external morphological and genital characters.

A revision of the Oriental antlion genera Indoleon Banks, 1913, Indophanes Banks, 1940 and Yunleon Yang, 1986 (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae: Nemoleontinae).

This paper deals with three Oriental genera of the antlion subfamily Nemoleontinae. The validity of two junior synonyms of Indoleon Banks, 1913, i.e., Indophanes Banks, 1940 and Yunleon Yang, 1986, are formally restored. Indoleon is treated as a monotypic genus represented by Indol. tacitus (Walker, 1860). Indophanes comprises eight species, including five known species: Indop. audax (Walker, 1853), Indop. barbarus (Walker, 1853), Indop. infestus (Walker, 1853), Indop. sinensis Banks, 1940, and Indop. vartianorum Hölzel, 1972; two new species: Indop. amicus sp. nov. and Indop. nanliae sp. nov.; and a new combination: Indop. fuscilomus (Yang, 1986) comb. nov. Yunleon comprises two species: Y. fluctosus Yang, 1988 and Y. longicorpus Yang, 1986. We also restore the validity of a junior synonym of Indop. audax (Walker, 1853), i.e., Myrmeleon gravis Walker, 1853, and transfer it to Distoleon Banks, 1910, i.e., D. gravis stat. rev. et comb. nov. Besides, we describe the larval morphology and biology of Indop. nanliae sp. nov. and Indop. sinensis Banks, 1940. It is the first record of the immature stage of Indophanes. A key to species of these three genera is provided. Meanwhile, we discuss the taxonomic position of the aforementioned three genera and their related genera, i.e., Paraglenurus van der Weele, 1909 and Thaumatoleon Esben-Petersen, 1923, and we consider that they should be placed into Megistopini rather than Nemoleontini.

Bioinformatics Analysis and Verification of Metabolic Abnormalities in Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Although esophageal carcinoma (EC) is one of the most common cancers in the world, details of its pathogenesis remain unclear. Metabolic reprogramming is a main feature of EC. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially the decrease in mitochondrial complex I (MTCI), plays an important role in the occurrence and development of EC. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to analyze and validate the metabolic abnormalities and the role of MTCI in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. METHODS: In this work, we collected transcriptomic data from 160 esophageal squamous carcinoma samples and 11 normal tissue samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The OmicsBean and GEPIA2 were used to conduct an analysis of differential gene expression and survival in clinical samples. Rotenone was used to inhibit the MTCI activity. Subsequently, we detected lactate production, glucose uptake, and ATP production. RESULTS: A total of 1710 genes were identified as being significantly differentially expressed. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis suggested that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in various pathways related to carcinoma tumorigenesis and progression. Moreover, we further identified abnormalities in metabolic pathways, in particular, the significantly low expression of multiple subunits of MTCI genes (ND1, ND2, ND3, ND4, ND4L, ND5, and ND6). Rotenone was used to inhibit the MTCI activity of EC109 cells, and it was found that the decrease in MTCI activity promoted HIF1A expression, glucose consumption, lactate production, ATP production, and cell migration. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated the occurrence of abnormal metabolism involving decreased mitochondrial complex I activity and increased glycolysis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which might be related to its development and degree of malignancy.

Transcriptomic analysis of the effects of the HPV18 E6E7 gene on the cell death mode in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the main causes of esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), and its carcinogenic mechanisms in ESCA require further investigation. E6 and E7 are HPV oncogenes, and their genomic integration is a crucial reason for the transformation of host cells into cancer cells. In order to reveal the role of oncogenes E6 and E7 in ESCA cells, the RNA-Seq raw data for HPV18-positive and -negative esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) samples derived from the NCBI BioProject database were analyzed, and the differentially expressed genes were identified. Moreover, differentially expressed genes were enriched significantly in multiple cell death pathways, including apoptosis (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, plakophilin 1 and desmoglein 3), pyroptosis (gasdermin A, gasdermin C, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3, absent in melanoma 2, NLR family pyrin domain containing 1 and Toll like receptor 1) and autophagy (Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, adrenoceptor beta 2). Consequently, the effects of cisplatin-induced apoptosis and Hank's balanced salt solution-induced autophagy, and α-ketoglutarate-induced pyroptosis in the ESCC-expressing E6 and E7 cells were verified. Therefore, the expression of E6E7 may culminate in the inhibition of multiple cell death modes, which may also be one of the mechanisms of oncogene-induced carcinogenesis.

Ultrastrong coupling in Super Yellow polymer microcavities and development of highly efficient polariton light-emitting diodes and light-emitting transistors.

We present detailed studies on exciton-photon coupling and polariton emission based on a poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) copolymer, Super Yellow (SY), in a series of optical microcavities and optoelectronic devices, including light-emitting diode (LED) and light-emitting transistor (LET). We show that sufficiently thick SY microcavities can generate ultrastrong coupling with Rabi splitting energies exceeding 1 eV and exhibit spectrally narrow, nearly angle-independent photoluminescence following lower polariton (LP) mode dispersion. When the microcavity is designed with matched LP low-energy state and exciton emission peak for radiative pumping, the conversion efficiency from exciton to polariton emission can reach up to 80%. By introducing appropriate injection layers in a SY microcavity and optimizing the cavity design, we further demonstrate a high-performance ultrastrongly coupled SY LED with weakly dispersive electroluminescence along LP mode and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 2.8%. Finally, we realize an ultrastrongly coupled LET based on vertical integration of a high-mobility ZnO transistor and a SY LED in a microcavity, which enables a large switching ratio, uniform emission in the ZnO pattern, and LP mode emission with a maximum EQE of 2.4%. This vertical LET addresses the difficulties of achieving high emission performance and precisely defining the emission area in typical planar LETs, and opens up the possibility of applying various strongly coupled emitters for advanced polariton devices and high-resolution applications.

Swin Unet3D: a three-dimensional medical image segmentation network combining vision transformer and convolution.

BACKGROUND: Semantic segmentation of brain tumors plays a critical role in clinical treatment, especially for three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging, which is often used in clinical practice. Automatic segmentation of the 3D structure of brain tumors can quickly help physicians understand the properties of tumors, such as the shape and size, thus improving the efficiency of preoperative planning and the odds of successful surgery. In past decades, 3D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have dominated automatic segmentation methods for 3D medical images, and these network structures have achieved good results. However, to reduce the number of neural network parameters, practitioners ensure that the size of convolutional kernels in 3D convolutional operations generally does not exceed [Formula: see text], which also leads to CNNs showing limitations in learning long-distance dependent information. Vision Transformer (ViT) is very good at learning long-distance dependent information in images, but it suffers from the problems of many parameters. What's worse, the ViT cannot learn local dependency information in the previous layers under the condition of insufficient data. However, in the image segmentation task, being able to learn this local dependency information in the previous layers makes a big impact on the performance of the model. METHODS: This paper proposes the Swin Unet3D model, which represents voxel segmentation on medical images as a sequence-to-sequence prediction. The feature extraction sub-module in the model is designed as a parallel structure of Convolution and ViT so that all layers of the model are able to adequately learn both global and local dependency information in the image. RESULTS: On the validation dataset of Brats2021, our proposed model achieves dice coefficients of 0.840, 0.874, and 0.911 on the ET channel, TC channel, and WT channel, respectively. On the validation dataset of Brats2018, our model achieves dice coefficients of 0.716, 0.761, and 0.874 on the corresponding channels, respectively. CONCLUSION: We propose a new segmentation model that combines the advantages of Vision Transformer and Convolution and achieves a better balance between the number of model parameters and segmentation accuracy. The code can be found at https://github.com/1152545264/SwinUnet3D .

SbNAC9 Improves Drought Tolerance by Enhancing Scavenging Ability of Reactive Oxygen Species and Activating Stress-Responsive Genes of Sorghum.

Drought stress severely threatens the yield of cereal crops. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of drought stress response of plants is crucial for developing drought-tolerant cultivars. NAC transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in abiotic stress of plants, but the functions of NAC TFs in sorghum are largely unknown. Here, we characterized a sorghum NAC gene, SbNAC9, and found that SbNAC9 can be highly induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated dehydration treatments. We therefore investigated the function of SbNAC9 in drought stress response. Sorghum seedlings overexpressing SbNAC9 showed enhanced drought-stress tolerance with higher chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency of PSII, stronger root systems, and higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capability than wild-type. In contrast, sorghum seedlings with silenced SbNAC9 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) showed weakened drought stress tolerance. Furthermore, SbNAC9 can directly activate a putative peroxidase gene SbC5YQ75 and a putative ABA biosynthesis gene SbNCED3. Silencing SbC5YQ75 and SbNCED3 led to compromised drought tolerance and reduced ABA content of sorghum seedlings, respectively. Therefore, our findings revealed the important role of SbNAC9 in response to drought stress in sorghum and may shed light on genetic improvement of other crop species under drought-stress conditions.

Ethylene-responsive SbWRKY50 suppresses leaf senescence by inhibition of chlorophyll degradation in sorghum.

The onset of leaf de-greening and senescence is governed by a complex regulatory network including environmental cues and internal factors such as transcription factors (TFs) and phytohormones, in which ethylene (ET) is one key inducer. However, the detailed mechanism of ET signalling for senescence regulation is still largely unknown. Here, we found that the WRKY TF SbWRKY50 from Sorghum bicolor L., a direct target of the key component ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3 in ET signalling, functioned for leaf senescence repression. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein9-edited SbWRKY50 mutant (SbWRKY5O-KO) of sorghum displayed precocious senescent phenotypes, while SbWRKY50 overexpression delayed age-dependent and dark-induced senescence in sorghum. SbWRKY50 negatively regulated chlorophyll degradation through direct binding to the promoters of several chlorophyll catabolic genes. In addition, SbWRKY50 recruited the Polycomb repressive complex 1 through direct interaction with SbBMI1A, to induce histone 2A mono-ubiquitination accumulation on the chlorophyll catabolic genes for epigenetic silencing and thus delayed leaf senescence. Especially, SbWRKY50 can suppress early steps of chlorophyll catabolic pathway via directly repressing SbNYC1 (NON-YELLOW COLORING 1). Other senescence-related hormones could also influence leaf senescence through repression of SbWRKY50. Hence, our work shows that SbWRKY50 is an essential regulator downstream of ET and SbWRKY50 also responds to other phytohormones for senescence regulation in sorghum.

A new species of the alderfly genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 (Megaloptera: Sialidae) from southeastern China.

Here we describe a new species of the alderfly genus Sialis Latreille, 1802 from southeastern China, namely S. kouwenkaii sp. nov. The new species appears to be related to a group of Sialis species once placed in Nipponosialis Kuwayama, 1962. Morphological differences between the new species and its closely related species are discussed.

Status and clinical influencing factors of involuntary admission in chinese patients with schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Though controversial for its various disadvantages, involuntary admission (IA) is necessary in providing mental health care for patients suffering from schizophrenia in China. This article examines the IA rate in a representative sample, and under which circumstances are these patients more likely to be admitted involuntarily. METHODS: Adult patients consecutively admitted to two typical hospitals in Shanghai between 2013 and 2014 with a diagnosis of ICD-10 schizophrenia were included. 2167 patients were included in this study. Sociodemographic and clinical data, as well as personal information of psychiatrists who made risk assessment, were collected. The whole sample was divided into voluntary and involuntary admission groups. Group comparisons were performed with SPSS 17.0, using one-way ANOVA, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Chi-squares and Logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 2167 inpatients, the majority (2003, 92.4%) were involuntarily admitted. Clinical features, including age of patients (p < 0.001, OR = 1.037), lacking of insight (p < 0.001, OR = 3.691), were statistically significant for IA. Psychiatrist's age (p < 0.001, OR = 1.042) was independently associated with IA. However, risk behaviors had dramatically affected patients' admission status, of which the strongest predictor of IA was noncompliance with treatment (p < 0.001, OR = 3.597). The areas under the curve of the ROC and accuracy for the regression model were 0.815 and 0.927, respectively. CONCLUSION: IA patients account for a major proportion of all those hospitalized with schizophrenia in China. Insights and risk behaviors contributed the most reasons for admission status of patients. This research shed light on necessity of further qualitative studies learning detailed evaluation processes of IA and high-quality interventional studies aiming to limit the performance of IA among patients with schizophrenia.

An imConvNet-based deep learning model for Chinese medical named entity recognition.

BACKGROUND: With the development of current medical technology, information management becomes perfect in the medical field. Medical big data analysis is based on a large amount of medical and health data stored in the electronic medical system, such as electronic medical records and medical reports. How to fully exploit the resources of information included in these medical data has always been the subject of research by many scholars. The basis for text mining is named entity recognition (NER), which has its particularities in the medical field, where issues such as inadequate text resources and a large number of professional domain terms continue to face significant challenges in medical NER. METHODS: We improved the convolutional neural network model (imConvNet) to obtain additional text features. Concurrently, we continue to use the classical Bert pre-training model and BiLSTM model for named entity recognition. We use imConvNet model to extract additional word vector features and improve named entity recognition accuracy. The proposed model, named BERT-imConvNet-BiLSTM-CRF, is composed of four layers: BERT embedding layer-getting word embedding vector; imConvNet layer-capturing the context feature of each character; BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) layer-capturing the long-distance dependencies; CRF (Conditional Random Field) layer-labeling characters based on their features and transfer rules. RESULTS: The average F1 score on the public medical data set yidu-s4k reached 91.38% when combined with the classical model; when real electronic medical record text in impacted wisdom teeth is used as the experimental object, the model's F1 score is 93.89%. They all show better results than classical models. CONCLUSIONS: The suggested novel model (imConvNet) significantly improves the recognition accuracy of Chinese medical named entities and applies to various medical corpora.