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Objective:To systematically evaluate the distribution characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in adult influenza patients and to provide a basis for the TCM syndrome differentiation of influenza.Methods:The CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, VIP, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases were searched to collect cross -sectional studies on the distribution pattern of TCM syndromes in adult patients with influenza. The risk of bias assessment tool for cross -sectional studies developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) evidence -based health care center was used to evaluate the literature quality, and the Stata 15.1 software was used to conduct a Meta -analysis of the pooled effect sizes of the included studies. Results:A total of 11 studies with 4 367 influenza patients were included. Quality assessment results of JBI showed that the risk bias was higher in the sample size calculation, and the description of sampling modalities and response rate was unclear. There were 17 influenza syndromes after specification, and a single group rate Meta -analysis was performed of the syndromes with ≥ 50 incident cases showed that there were 9 syndromes with an incidence ≥ 10% and statistical significance, the top 5 syndromes were syndrome of wind and heat invading the defense [ n = 1 583, RATE = 34.3%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 22.2%-46.3%], syndrome of exterior cold and interior heat ( n = 1 122, RATE = 36.1%, 95% CI was 21.2%-51.1%), syndrome of wind -cold fettering the exterior ( n = 860, RATE = 19.4%, 95% CI was 10.7%-28.0%), syndrome of heat and toxin in the lung ( n = 217, RATE = 17.1%, 95% CI was 9.1%-25.0%), and syndrome of disease involving both defense phase and qi phase ( n = 184, RATE = 38.8%, 95% CI was 14.2%-63.5%). The results of the subgroup analysis in different geographical regions showed that the frequency of distribution of syndrome of wind and heat invading the defense and heat and toxin in the lung was higher in the South (RATE: 36.5%, 18.6%) than in the North (RATE: 30.9%, 15.4%), and the frequency of distribution of syndrome of wind -cold fettering the exterior and exterior cold and interior heat in the North (RATE: 23.8%, 40.1%) was higher than that in the South (RATE: 15.7%, 32.3%). Conclusions:There are 9 common TCM syndromes of influenza, including wind and heat invading the defense syndrome, exterior cold and interior heat syndrome, wind -cold fettering the exterior syndrome, heat and toxin in the lung syndrome, disease involving both defense phase and qi phase syndrome, wind and heat complicated by dampnessinvading the surface syndrome, wind and cold complicated by dampnessinvading the surface syndrome, defense phase syndrome and dampness and heatinvading the surface syndrome, which can provide a reference for the TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of influenza.
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After systematically reviewing the syndrome distribution， evolution， diagnostic criteria， effectiveness evaluation and genomics study on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （AECOPD） in the past decade， we found that there are problems such as inconsistency in the nomenclature of syndrome， lack of quantitative diagnostic tools for syndrome， less developed evaluation tools for syndrome efficacy， and singularity of genomics technique. Based on this， it was proposed that we should pay attention to the standardisation of syndrome naming， strengthen the research on quantitative diagnostic methods， establish standardised and quantitative diagnostic tools， further improve the existing assessment tools of syndrome effectiveness， and integrate the existing genomics techniques to conduct research， so as to support the further research on AECOPD syndromes.
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Objective:To explore the correlation between symptoms and their contribution to syndrome based on syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus to provide methodological basis for the syndrome diagnosis.Methods:Based on 654 clinical investigation questionnaires data of COVID-19 patients, a model based on syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation was set. Using SPSS Modeler 14.1 software, association rules and Bayesian network were applied to explore the correlation between symptoms and their contribution to syndrome.Results:There were 121 questionnaires referring to syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation in total 654 questionnaires. The symptoms with frequency > 40% were fever (53.72%), cough (47.93%), red tongue (45.45%), rapid pulse (43.80%), greasy fur (42.15%), yellow tongue (41.32%), fatigue (40.50%) and anorexia (40.50%). Association rule analysis showed that the symptom groups with strong binomial correlation included fever, thirst, chest tightness, shortness of breath, cough, yellow phlegm, etc. The symptom groups with strong trinomial correlation included cough, yellow phlegm, phlegm sticky, anorexia, vomiting, heavy head and body, fever, thirst, fatigue, etc. Based on SPSS Modeler 14.1 software, with syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation (yes = 1, no = 0) as target variable, and the selected symptoms with frequency > 15.0% as input variables, the Bayesian network model was established to obtain the probability distribution table of symptoms (groups), in which there was only one parent node (the upper node of each input variable) of fever, and the conditional probability was 0.54. The parent node of cough had yellow phlegm and syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation, indicating that there was a direct causal relationship between cough and yellow phlegm in syndrome of lung damp-heat accumulation, and the conditional probability of cough was 0.99 under the condition of yellow phlegm. The common symptom groups and their contribution to syndrome were as follows: fever and thirsty (0.47), cough and yellow phlegm (0.49), chest tightness and polypnea (0.46), anorexia and heavy cumbersome head and body (0.61), yellow greasy fur and slippery rapid pulse (0.95).Conclusions:It is feasible and objective to analyze the correlation between symptoms and their contribution to syndromes by association rules combined with Bayesian network. It could provide methodological basis for the syndrome diagnosis.
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Objective:To investigate traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) common syndrome characteristic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), thus providing evidence for clinical differentiation.Methods:The COVID-19 TCM treatment plan and syndrome related literature published before February 24, 2020 was searched and a database was established. TCM common syndrome characteristics of COVID-19 were analyzed by the method of latent structure and system clustering combined with frequency and constituent ratio, which were conducted by Lantern 5.0 and SPSS 20.0.Results:Forty-two literatures about treatment plans, and 212 syndromes records were enrolled. Latent structure model was established based on 53 symptoms with frequency over 10, and 14 latent variables and 7 syndromes were concluded by comprehensive clustering, including syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency, syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung and syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen. Factor analysis was conducted for 53 symptoms, which were reported more than 10 times, and 14 common factors were obtained. Symptoms with load coefficient over 0.3 were clustered and 6 syndromes were obtained, including syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung, and syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung. The literatures included 25 syndromes, and the syndromes with constituent ratio over 5% were internal block and outward desertion (14.62%), syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung (13.68%), syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung (12.74%), syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung (10.85%), spleen and syndrome of cold dampness closing lung (8.50%), syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency (8.50%), syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung (8.02%) and syndrome of dampness repressing defensive Qi of lung (5.66%). Eighty-seven symptoms whose cumulative frequency was 2 838 were referred, including greasy fur (5.25%), fever (4.83%), red tongue (4.37%), rapid pulse (3.74%) and fatigue (3.46%). According to the results above, the common syndromes and their symptoms of COVID-19 were: ① syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung: fever, cough, throat-drying, headache, all of the body distressed and constipation, etc.; ② syndrome of cold dampness closing lung: aversion to cold, all of the body distressed, nausea and vomiting, abdominal distention and loose stool, etc.; ③ syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung: cough, sticky phlegm, anorexia, thirst without desire to drink and constipation, etc.; ④ syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung: fever, cough, yellow phlegm, wheezing, suffocation and purple lips, etc.; ⑤ internal block and outward desertion: coma, feel fidgety, suffocation, sweating and feel cold and purple lips, etc.; ⑥ syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency: dry cough, sweating, fatigue, thirsty, feverish feeling in palms and soles and loose stool, etc.; ⑦ syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen: cough, wheezing, sweating, fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and loose stool, et al.Conclusions:The common syndromes of COVID-19 were syndrome of pathogenic heat invading lung, syndrome of cold dampness closing lung, syndrome of dampness heat accumulating lung, syndrome of epidemic virus closing lung, internal block and outward desertion, syndrome of Qi and Yin deficiency and syndrome of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen. This study could provide reference for clinical differentiation.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum sFas and sLOX-1 with occurrence and development of acute coronary syndrome (ACS).Methods A total of 52 patients definitely diagnosed ACS (ACS group) by coronary artery angiography (CAG) were enrolled,including 23 cases of unstable angina (UA group) and 29 cases of acute myocardial infarction (AMI group),and contemporaneous 58 cases of non-coronary arterial stenosis confirmed by CAG were selected as the control group (NC group).The serum levels of sFas and sLOX-1 were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Compared with the NC group,the serum levels of sFas and sLOX-1 in the ACS group were increased,the serum levels of sFas and sLOX-1 in the AMI group and UA group were higher than those in the NC group,moreover which in the AMI group were higher than those in the UA group (P＜0.01).The serum sFas level in the ACS group was positively correlated with the sLOX-1 level (r=0.825,P=0.001),but both had no obvious correlation with the serum levels of CK-MB and cTnⅠ (P＞0.05).Conclusion High levels of serum sFas and sLOX-1 may be the risk factors of ACS.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Improve the electronic application appointment and scheduling methods in hospital to optimize patients appointment and improve utilization of hospital inspection equipment.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Analyze the workflow of existing electronic application and put forward the improvement scheme.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Developed a set of efficient appointment scheduling system, thus optimize the workflow of hospital exam.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This system not only optimizes the patient's examination time, but also improves the utilization of hospital inspection equipment.</p>
