[Color and morphological characteristics of the skin in people of different racial groups]. / Tsvet i morfologicheskie osobennosti kozhnogo pokrova u liudei razlichnykh rasovykh grupp.

A complex colorimetric, spectrometric and morphological research of race-dependent differences in skin colour and structure has been carried out. Certain regularities in the quantity, distribution and morphological composition of melanin-containing structures and Hb pigment have been revealed in the Russians, Vietnamese, Angolans and Mulattoes. The study has shown that sex differences in skin color depend on hemoglobin concentration--in people of the Caucasian race; both on melanin and hemoglobin concentration--in people of the Mongolian race and only on melanin concentration--in people of the Negroid race.

[Structuro-functional organization of human elastic cartilage]. / Strukturno-funktsional'naia organizatsiia élasticheskogo khriashcha cheloveka.

The light- and electron-microscopic investigation performed in order to study the elastic cartilage ultrastructure in the human concha auriculae has demonstrated that a peculiar feature of the later is abundance of elastic fibers both in its perichondrium and in the cartilagenous tissue. In the perichondrium the fibrillar elements (collagenous and elastic fibers) are oriented in parallel with the cartilagenous plate surface. There is not any definite regularity in the arrangement of the fibers of the cartilagenous tissue. As demonstrates the light microscopy, homogeneity of the ground substance is connected with a very compact arrangement of its fibrillar elements. Spaces between the fibers and fibrillae are filled with an amorphous ruthenium-positive substance of the proteoglycane nature.

[Spatial organization and interrelations of the structural elements in the human hair follicle]. / Prostranstvennaia organizatsiia i vzaimootnosheniia strukturnykh élementov volosianogo follikula u cheloveka.

A complex morphological investigation of the human hair follicle and root has been performed by means of scanning electron microscopy. A volumetric image on all structural elements in the hair follicle and on their spacial interrelations both with each other and with neighbouring tissues have been obtained. A connection of the hair root cuticle and the internal root shealth cuticle by means of variously directed position of their cell-squamae is demonstrated. Between the granule-containing and the pale layers of the inner root sheath (Huxley's and Henle's layers) there is an additional connection, that is mediated at the expense of entrance of pterygoid processes of cells of the granule-containing layer into the oval spaces between the cells of the pale epithelial layer. The connective tissue hair bursa consists of layer-cases inserting into each other, constructed mainly of flat collagenous fibers and connected with each other by connective fibers.

[Effect of formalin fixation on the ultrastructure of connective tissue components]. / Vliianie formalinovoi fiksatsii na ul'trastrukturu komponentov soedinitel'noi tkani.

Electron microscopic examinations of fibrillar components and the ground substance of human skin derma fixed in formaldehyde showed good preservation of the fibrillar structures. The typical changes in fixed collagen fibrils in negative staining include the lack of transversal lines in the zone A and poor manifestation of microfibrillarity in the zone B. Alterations in the ground substance are more significant. Staining with rutenium red reveals no reticular structure here, but floccular formations appear in the amorphous interfibrillar substance. Other species of rutenium-positive structures (sheaths of elastic fibers and collagen fibrils as well as lines of thin cross-striation of the latter) are well preserved. All these alterations should be taken into consideration in ultramicroscopical examinations of formalin-fixed connective tissue.

[Utrastructural interrelationships of collagen fibrillar components in human connective tissue]. / Ul'trastrukturnaia vzaimosviaz' kollagenovykh voloknistykh komponentov v soedinitel'noi tkani cheloveka.

The data on structural interconnections between collagenous fibres in the human dermis and periosteum were obtained by means of raster electron microscopy. Collagenous fibres were demonstrated to be connected with each other by means of fine connective fibres situating mainly transversaly towards the main collagenous fibres. Comparing the data obtained with those from the literature, a suggestion was made on the existence, in the connective tissue, of a special connective system composing of peculiar fibrillar structures which maintains dynamic equilibrium in arrangement of collagenous fibres, muscles, vessels, etc. The system of the connective fibres demonstrates a common compositional principle for all the structures mentioned above, but in every case having its peculiarities.

[Ultrastructure of collagen fibers and basic substance of the human dermis]. / Ul'trastruktura kollagenovykh volokon i osnovnogo veshchestva dermy kozhi cheloveka.

Histological and histochemical methods and fluorescent and rastral electron microscopy were used for complex investigation of intercellular connective tissue components of the human skin derm (collagenous and elastin fibres, basic substance). The structure of collagenous fibres in different levels of their organization was studied. The structure of periods and differently directed combination of fibrils in the fibre were revealed by different methods. Five types of ruthenies--positive structures in the basic substance and fibres--were found. A supposition is made and substantiated that two interconnected and diverse mechanisms take part in sustaining the structure--function integrity of the collagenous fibre. One of them prevents from rapprochement of fibrils (different direction of fibres, amorphous substance) and the other connect them (adhesive properties of the amorphous substance).

[Postmortem changes in skin color]. / Posmertnye izmeneniia tsveta kozhnogo pokrova.

By the employment of the colorimetric method statistically significant objective data on postmortem changes in the colour of different parts of the skin have first been obtained. Histological and spectrophotometric studies were carried out in order to elucidate the causes of these changes. The colour of the cadavar skin as well as the colour of the human skin in life depends on primary pigments: hemoglobin, melanin, carotene and melanoid. A certain role is likely to be played by the main structural proteins of the derma and epidermis: collagen and keratin. The cadavar skin colour differs in variations of the dominant wave length and reflectance which are associated with postmortem redistribution of the blood under the effect of the gravity and qualitative transformation of oxyhaemoglobin into reduced haemoglobin. The distribution of melanin, carotene, and melanoid does not differ from that in life. The most specific index of the amount of melanin is the purity of colour and not reflectance.

[Objective non-contact method of study of the color of the human skin integument by use of a photoelectric colorimeter]. / Ob'ektivnyi beskontaktnyi metod issledovaniia tsveta kozhnykh pokrovov cheloveka s pomoshch'iu fotoélektricheskogo kolorimetra

The authors describe a method of determination of the colour of the skin in man based on the use of contactless photoelectric colorimeter made especially for this purpose. The mean normal values of the indices of the skin colour of the anterior and the posterior surface of the arm in 45 men and 35 women of the Europeoid race under normal conditions are presented.