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Ferroptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF), although the mechanisms are still largely uncovered. The current study was designed to explore the pharmacological effects of icariin against ethanol-induced atrial remodeling, if any, and the mechanisms involved with a focus on SIRT1 signaling. Excessive ethanol-treated animals were administered with Ferrostatin-1, Erastin or icariin to evaluate the potential effects of icariin or ferroptosis. Then, the underling mechanisms was further explored in the in vitro experiments using HL-1 atrial myocytes. Excessive ethanol administration caused significant atrial damage as evidenced by increased susceptibility to AF, altered atrial conduction pattern, atrial enlargement, and enhanced fibrotic markers. These detrimental effects were reversed by Ferrostatin-1 or icariin treatment, while Erastin co-administration markedly abolished the beneficial actions conferred by icariin. Mechanistically, ethanol-treated atria exhibited markedly up-regulated pro-ferroptotic protein (PTGS2, ACSL4, P53) and suppressed anti-ferroptotic molecules (GPX4, FTH1). Icariin treatment inhibited ethanol-induced atrial ferroptosis by reducing atrial mitochondrial damage, ROS accumulation and iron overload. Interestingly, the in vivo and in vitro data showed that icariin activated atrial SIRT1-Nrf-2-HO-1 signaling pathway, while EX527 not only reversed these effects, but also abolished the therapeutic effects of icariin. Moreover, the stimulatory effects on GPX4, SLC7A11 and the suppressive effects on ACSL4, P53 conferred by icariin were blunted by EX527 treatment. These data demonstrate that ferroptosis plays a causative role in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced atrial remodeling and susceptibility to AF. Icariin protects against atrial damage by inhibiting ferroptosis via SIRT1 signaling. Its role as a prophylactic/therapeutic drug deserves further clinical study.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Remodelamento Atrial , Ferroptose , Animais , Fibrilação Atrial/induzido quimicamente , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Apoptose , Sirtuína 1/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53 , Etanol/toxicidadeRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the mechanism that mediates the effect of soybean isoflavones (SI) against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in light of the regulation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), ferroptosis, inflammatory response and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability.@*METHODS@#A total of 120 male SD rats were equally randomized into sham-operated group (Sham group), cerebral I/R injury group and SI pretreatment group (SI group). Focal cerebral I/R injury was induced in the latter two groups using a modified monofilament occlusion technique, and the intraoperative changes of real-time cerebral cortex blood flow were monitored using a laser Doppler flowmeter (LDF). The postoperative changes of cerebral pathological morphology and the ultrastructure of the neurons and the BBB were observed with optical and transmission electron microscopy. The neurological deficits of the rats was assessed, and the severities of cerebral infarction, brain edema and BBB disruption were quantified. The contents of Fe2+, GSH, MDA and MPO in the ischemic penumbra were determined with spectrophotometric tests. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1βwere analyzed using ELISA, and the expressions of GPX4, MMP-9 and occludin around the lesion were detected with Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.@*RESULTS@#The rCBF was sharply reduced in the rats in I/R group and SI group after successful insertion of the monofilament. Compared with those in Sham group, the rats in I/R group showed significantly increased neurological deficit scores, cerebral infarction volume, brain water content and Evans blue permeability (P < 0.01), decreased Fe2+ level, increased MDA level, decreased GSH content and GPX4 expression (P < 0.01), increased MPO content and serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β (P < 0.01), increased MMP-9 expression and lowered occludin expression (P < 0.01). All these changes were significantly ameliorated in rats pretreated with IS prior to I/R injury (P < 0.05 or 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#SI preconditioning reduces cerebral I/R injury in rats possibly by improving rCBF, inhibiting ferroptosis and inflammatory response and protecting the BBB.
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Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Metaloproteinase 9 da Matriz/metabolismo , Glycine max/metabolismo , Ocludina/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Ferroptose , Barreira Hematoencefálica/ultraestrutura , Isquemia Encefálica/metabolismo , Infarto Cerebral , Traumatismo por Reperfusão/metabolismo , Isoflavonas/uso terapêutico , Infarto da Artéria Cerebral MédiaRESUMO
Objective: To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) combined with autologous Meek microskin transplantation on patients with extensive burns. Methods: The prospective self-controlled study was conducted. From May 2019 to June 2022, 16 patients with extensive burns admitted to the 990th Hospital of PLA Joint Logistics Support Force met the inclusion criteria, while 3 patients were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, and 13 patients were finally selected, including 10 males and 3 females, aged 24-61 (42±13) years. A total of 20 trial areas (40 wounds, with area of 10 cm×10 cm in each wound) were selected. Two adjacent wounds in each trial area were divided into hUCMSC+gel group applied with hyaluronic acid gel containing hUCMSCs and gel only group applied with hyaluronic acid gel only according to the random number table, with 20 wounds in each group. Afterwards the wounds in two groups were transplanted with autologous Meek microskin grafts with an extension ratio of 1∶6. In 2, 3, and 4 weeks post operation, the wound healing was observed, the wound healing rate was calculated, and the wound healing time was recorded. The specimen of wound secretion was collected for microorganism culture if there was purulent secretion on the wound post operation. In 3, 6, and 12 months post operation, the scar hyperplasia in wound was assessed using the Vancouver scar scale (VSS). In 3 months post operation, the wound tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to observe the morphological changes and for immunohistochemical staining to observe the positive expressions of Ki67 and vimentin and to count the number of positive cells. Data were statistically analyzed with paired samples t test and Bonferronni correction. Results: In 2, 3, and 4 weeks post operation, the wound healing rates in hUCMSC+gel group were (80±11)%, (84±12)%, and (92±9)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (67±18)%, (74±21)%, and (84±16)% in gel only group (with t values of 4.01, 3.52, and 3.66, respectively, P<0.05). The wound healing time in hUCMSC+gel group was (31±11) d, which was significantly shorter than (36±13) d in gel only group (t=-3.68, P<0.05). The microbiological culture of the postoperative wound secretion specimens from the adjacent wounds in 2 groups was identical, with negative results in 4 trial areas and positive results in 16 trial areas. In 3, 6, and 12 months post operation, the VSS scores of wounds in gel only group were 7.8±1.9, 6.7±2.1, and 5.4±1.6, which were significantly higher than 6.8±1.8, 5.6±1.6, and 4.0±1.4 in hUCMSC+gel group, respectively (with t values of -4.79, -4.37, and -5.47, respectively, P<0.05). In 3 months post operation, HE staining showed an increase in epidermal layer thickness and epidermal crest in wound in hUCMSC+gel group compared with those in gel only group, and immunohistochemical staining showed a significant increase in the number of Ki67 positive cells in wound in hUCMSC+gel group compared with those in gel only group (t=4.39, P<0.05), with no statistically significant difference in the number of vimentin positive cells in wound between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: The application of hyaluronic acid gel containing hUCMSCs to the wound is simple to perform and is therefore a preferable route. Topical application of hUCMSCs can promote healing of the autologous Meek microskin grafted area in patients with extensive burns, shorten wound healing time, and alleviate scar hyperplasia. The above effects may be related to the increased epidermal thickness and epidermal crest, and active cell proliferation.
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Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Queimaduras/cirurgia , Cicatriz , Amarelo de Eosina-(YS) , Ácido Hialurônico/uso terapêutico , Hiperplasia , Antígeno Ki-67 , Estudos Prospectivos , Cordão Umbilical , VimentinaRESUMO
Objective:To analyze germline pathogenic mutations in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma(age≤60 years old), and to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of germline pathogenic mutation carriers.Methods:The data of 124 patients (age≤60 years old) with upper tract urothelial carcinoma who underwent germline genetic testing at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from September 2008 to February 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 86 males and 38 females, and the median age was 55.0(49.8, 58.0)years old. The primary tumors were located in the renal pelvis in 81 cases (65.3%), the ureter in 34 cases (27.4%), and both in 9 cases (7.3%). There were 13 patients (10.5%) with low-grade UTUC and only 8 patients (6.5%) with carcinoma in situ. Twelve patients (9.7%) had a history of bladder cancer and 12 (9.7%) had a history of malignancy other than bladder cancer. Whole gene exome sequencing or target region sequencing was performed to explore germline mutations associated with patients with UTUC. The germline genetic testing data were interpreted in accordance with the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP)2015 edition guideline to clarify the germline pathogenic mutation rate and elucidate the clinicopathological characteristics of germline pathogenic mutation carriers. Germline pathogenic mutation rates were further compared with those of healthy East Asian populations to analyze germline mutations associated with the risk of carcinogenesis in UTUC.Results:In this study, 31 germline pathogenic mutations were detected in 28 (22.6%) of 124 patients with UTUC. There were no statistically significant differences in age [54.0 (47.0, 58.0) years old vs. 56.0 (50.8, 58.0) years old], gender (male/female: 21/7 vs. 65/31), history of bladder cancer (0 vs. 12/96), T-stage (T 3-4: 12/28 vs. 41/96), and proportion of histologic high-level (26/28 vs. 85/96) between patients with and without germline pathogenic mutations ( P>0.05). The 31 germline pathogenic mutations were located in 22 genes, including BRCA2 (4, 12.9%), MSH2 (3, 9.7%), RAD54L (2, 6.5%), BRCA1 (2, 6.5%), BRIP1 (2, 6.5%), NOTCH3 (2, 6.5%), XRCC2 (1, 3.2%), VEGFA (1, 3.2%), TBX3 (1, 3.2%), RET (1, 3.2%), PRKN (1, 3.2%), PALB2 (1, 3.2%), NTRK1 (1, 3.2%), NCOA3 (1, 3.2%), MSH6 (1, 3.2%), LRP1B (1, 3.2%), KMT2D (1, 3.2%), KMT2A (1, 3.2%), FANCA (1, 3.2%), BARD1 (1, 3.2%), ARID1A (1, 3.2%), and AR (1, 3.2%). The germline pathogenic mutation rates of 124 patients were compared with those of the healthy East Asian population. The results showed that germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA2 ( OR = 11.9, 95% CI 3.8 - 37.7, P<0.001), MSH2 ( OR = 11.9, 95% CI 3.2-44.5, P<0.001), RAD54L ( OR=14.2, 95% CI 2.7-73.8, P=0.002) and BRCA1 ( OR=11.8, 95% CI 2.4-59.1, P=0.003) genes significantly increase the risk of developing UTUC. Conclusions:The rate of germline pathogenic mutations in ≤60 years old UTUC patients in this study was 22.6%, and germline pathogenic mutations carrying germline BRCA2, MSH2, RAD54L or BRCA1 genes significantly increased the risk of developing UTUC.
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OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the immunophenotype, differential diagnosis, and clinicopathological characteristics of signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) derived from gastric foveolar epithelium. METHODS: Clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, histopathological features, and follow-up data of seven cases of SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium with small intramucosal lesions were analyzed. RESULTS: Seven patients with a mean age of 38.3 years were diagnosed with SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium and small intramucosal lesions, all of them were negative for CDH-1 germline mutation. The glands proliferated and expanded, and then morphologically transformed into signet-ring cells and formed clonal hyperplastic SRCC, which expanded laterally along the gastric foveolar cells to a length of 3-6 mm. Periodic acid Schiff staining was positive, while CK7 and MUC6 were negative, in all cases. Ki-67-positive cells ranged 37%-60%. During a follow-up period of 6-30 months, no patients experienced tumor recurrence or metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: SRCC derived from gastric foveolar epithelium is originated from the proliferative region of the bottom of the gastric pit and gland neck. It is easily missed diagnosed or misdiagnosed as it grows laterally along the gastric foveolar cells. Biological behavior, genetics, and etiology of such SRCC, as well as the clinicopathological characteristics, need to be further studied.
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Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Pólipos Adenomatosos , Adulto , Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete/patologia , Epitélio/patologia , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67 , Ácido Periódico , Neoplasias GástricasRESUMO
Polydatin has attracted much attention as a potential cardioprotective agent against ischemic heart disease and diabetic cardiomyopathy. However, the effect and mechanism of polydatin supplementation on alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) are still unknown. This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effect of polydatin against ACM and to explore the molecular mechanisms with a focus on SIRT6-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and mitochondrial function. The ACM model was established by feeding C57/BL6 mice with an ethanol Lieber-DeCarli diet for 12 weeks. The mice received polydatin (20 mg kg-1) or vehicle treatment. We showed that polydatin treatment not only improved cardiac function but also reduced myocardial fibrosis and dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp-1)-mediated mitochondrial fission, and enhanced PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)-Parkin-dependent mitophagy in alcohol-treated myocardium. Importantly, these beneficial effects were mimicked by SIRT6 overexpression but abolished by the infection of recombinant serotype 9 adeno-associated virus (AAV9) carrying SIRT6-specific small hairpin RNA. Mechanistically, alcohol consumption induced a gradual decrease in the myocardial SIRT6 level, while polydatin effectively activated SIRT6-AMPK signaling and modulated mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy, thus reducing oxidative stress damage and preserving mitochondrial function. In summary, these data present new information regarding the therapeutic actions of polydatin, suggesting that the activation of SIRT6 signaling may represent a new approach for tackling ACM-related cardiac dysfunction.
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Alcoolismo , Cardiomiopatia Alcoólica , Sirtuínas , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Animais , Cardiomiopatia Alcoólica/metabolismo , Etanol , Glucosídeos , Camundongos , Sirtuínas/genética , Sirtuínas/metabolismo , EstilbenosRESUMO
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease, which progression is tightly regulated by transcription factors (TFs), nuclear receptors, and cellular enzymes. In this study, a label-free quantitative proteomic approach was used to determine the effect of the high-fat diet on the proteomics profile of liver tissue and to identify novel NAFLD related TFs. Mice were fed with HFD for 16 weeks to establish a NAFLD mouse model. Mice fed with normal chow diet were taken as controls. Liver samples were collected from each group for proteomics analysis. A total of 2298 proteins were quantified, among which 106 proteins were downregulated, while 256 proteins were upregulated in HFD-fed mice compared with the controls with fold change more than 1.5 and p value less than 0.05. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that metabolic-related functions and pathways were most significantly enriched. A subgroup of 11 TFs were observed to share interactions with metabolic-related enzymes and kinases by protein-protein interaction analysis. Among them, 7 TFs were selected for verification, and 3 TFs were finally validated, including Rbbp4, Tcea1, and ILF2. Downregulating each of the 3 TFs could significantly promote lipid accumulation in AML12 hepatocytes, by regulating the expression of fatty acid synthesis- or ß-oxidation-related genes. In contrast, overexpression of Tcea1, Rbbp4, and ILF2, respectively, could ameliorate hepatocyte steatosis. These findings propose novel lipid metabolism related TFs, which might have potential roles in preventing NAFLD.
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Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Animais , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos/genética , Camundongos , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/metabolismo , Proteômica , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
Ghrelin is a circulating orexigenic hormone that promotes feeding behavior and regulates metabolism in humans and rodents. We previously reported that local infusion of ghrelin into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) blocked memory acquisition for conditioned taste aversion (CTA) by activating growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a. In this study, we further explored the underlying mechanism and signaling pathways mediating ghrelin modulation of CTA memory in rats. Pharmacological agents targeting distinct signaling pathways were infused into the BLA during conditioning. We showed that preadministration of the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 abolished the repressive effect of ghrelin on CTA memory. Moreover, LY294002 pretreatment prevented ghrelin from inhibiting Arc and zif268 mRNA expression in the BLA triggered by CTA memory retrieval. Preadministration of rapamycin eliminated the repressive effect of ghrelin, while Gsk3 inhibitors failed to mimic ghrelin's effect. In addition, PLC and PKC inhibitors microinfused in the BLA blocked ghrelin's repression of CTA acquisition. These results demonstrate that ghrelin signaling in the BLA shapes CTA memory via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PLC/PKC pathways. We conducted in vivo multichannel recordings from mouse BLA neurons and found that microinjection of ghrelin (20 µM) suppressed intrinsic excitability. By means of whole-cell recordings from rat brain slices, we showed that bath application of ghrelin (200 nM) had no effect on basal synaptic transmission or synaptic plasticity of BLA pyramidal neurons. Together, this study reveals the mechanism underlying ghrelin-induced interference with CTA memory acquisition in rats, i.e., suppression of intrinsic excitability of BLA principal neurons via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and PLC/PKC pathways.
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Complexo Nuclear Basolateral da Amígdala , Tonsila do Cerebelo/fisiologia , Animais , Aprendizagem da Esquiva , Complexo Nuclear Basolateral da Amígdala/fisiologia , Comportamento Alimentar , Grelina/farmacologia , Grelina/fisiologia , Quinase 3 da Glicogênio Sintase/farmacologia , Humanos , Camundongos , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt , Ratos , Transdução de Sinais , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR , Fosfolipases Tipo C/metabolismoRESUMO
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and atrial remodeling serve as the crucial substrates for the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolic defect plays critical roles in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, the alteration of atrial BCAA catabolism and its role in AF remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of BCAA catabolism in the pathogenesis of AF and to further evaluate the therapeutic effect of melatonin with a focus on protein kinase G (PKG)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) signaling. We found that angiotensin II-treated atria exhibited significantly elevated BCAA level, reduced BCAA catabolic enzyme activity, increased AF vulnerability, aggravated atrial electrical and structural remodeling, and enhanced mitochondrial ROS damage. These deleterious effects were attenuated by melatonin co-administration while exacerbated by BCAA oral supplementation. Melatonin treatment ameliorated BCAA-induced atrial damage and reversed BCAA-induced down-regulation of atrial PKGIα expression, CREB phosphorylation as well as KLF15 expression. However, inhibition of PKG partly abolished melatonin-induced beneficial actions. In summary, these data demonstrated that atrial BCAA catabolic defect contributed to the pathogenesis of AF by aggravating tissue fibrosis and mitochondrial ROS damage. Melatonin treatment ameliorated Ang II-induced atrial structural as well as electrical remodeling by activating PKG-CREB-KLF15. The present study reveals additional mechanisms contributing to AF genesis and highlights the opportunity of a novel therapy for AF by targeting BCAA catabolism. Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for AF intervention.
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Fibrilação Atrial , Melatonina , Aminoácidos de Cadeia Ramificada , Angiotensina II , Fibrilação Atrial/induzido quimicamente , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Fibrilação Atrial/genética , Proteína de Ligação ao Elemento de Resposta ao AMP Cíclico/genética , Proteínas Quinases Dependentes de GMP Cíclico/genética , Humanos , Fatores de Transcrição Kruppel-Like , Melatonina/farmacologiaRESUMO
@#Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition(EndoMT)is a change in the transformation or differentiation of endothelial cells into mesenchymal cells under physiological or pathological conditions, accompanied by changes in phenotype and function, and is an important part of fiber repair. It is widely involved in the pathophysiological process of embryonic development, tumor invasion and a variety of fibrotic diseases. Research on the role of EndoMT in ocular diseases has also made some progress. This article will review the basic biological characteristics, mechanism and research results of EndoMT in ophthalmological diseases, intending to theoretically reveal its possibility as a treatment target and a key point of regenerative medicine technology in related diseases, provide a reference for clinical practice and scientific research.
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Targeting mitochondrial quality control with melatonin has been found promising for attenuating diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), although the underlying mechanisms remain largely undefined. Activation of SIRT6 and melatonin membrane receptors exerts cardioprotective effects while little is known about their roles during DCM. Using high-fat diet-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model, we found that prolonged diabetes significantly decreased nocturnal circulatory melatonin and heart melatonin levels, reduced the expressions of cardiac melatonin membrane receptors, and decreased myocardial SIRT6 and AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT signaling. 16 weeks of melatonin treatment inhibited the progression of DCM and the following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury by reducing mitochondrial fission, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy via re-activating SIRT6 and AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT signaling. After the induction of diabetes, adeno-associated virus carrying SIRT6-specific small hairpin RNA or luzindole was delivered to the animals. We showed that SIRT6 knockdown or antagonizing melatonin receptors abolished the protective effects of melatonin against mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by aggravated mitochondrial fission and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. Additionally, SIRT6 shRNA or luzindole inhibited melatonin-induced AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT activation as well as its cardioprotective actions. Collectively, we demonstrated that long-term melatonin treatment attenuated the progression of DCM and reduced myocardial vulnerability to MI/R injury through preserving mitochondrial quality control. Melatonin membrane receptor-mediated SIRT6-AMPK-PGC-1α-AKT axis played a key role in this process. Targeting SIRT6 with melatonin treatment may be a promising strategy for attenuating DCM and reducing myocardial vulnerability to ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic patients.
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Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Melatonina/farmacologia , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/prevenção & controle , Miócitos Cardíacos/efeitos dos fármacos , Biogênese de Organelas , Sirtuínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Animais , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/enzimologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/etiologia , Cardiomiopatias Diabéticas/patologia , Proteína Forkhead Box O3/metabolismo , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/enzimologia , Mitocôndrias Cardíacas/ultraestrutura , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/enzimologia , Traumatismo por Reperfusão Miocárdica/patologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/enzimologia , Miócitos Cardíacos/ultraestrutura , Coativador 1-alfa do Receptor gama Ativado por Proliferador de Peroxissomo/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Transdução de Sinais , Sirtuínas/genética , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Depression is a threat to human health due to high incidence, recurrence, and disability rates. At present, the complex etiology and pathogenesis of depression are still unclear, and such hypotheses as monoamine neurotransmitters and their receptor abnormality, hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, inflammation, and neuron damage and remodeling have been put forward. Anti-depressants developed based on the pathogenesis have a certain effect, but there also exist some problems like low cure rate, poor compliance, relapse after discontinuation, and obvious side effects. According to Zhongjing's theory, depression falls into the categories of depression syndrome, visceral agitation, insomnia, and lily disease, and it is mainly located in the liver, involving the spleen, heart, and kidney. The pathogenesis mainly lies in qi stagnation and zang-fu organ dysfunction. Attention should be focused on regulating qi and relieving depression. Zhongjing's antidepressant prescriptions have exhibited good clinical efficacy in the treatment of depression, reflecting the multi-pathway action advantages of Chinese herbs. Based on the pathogenesis of depression and domestic and foreign literature on the intervention of depression with Zhongjing's prescriptions available in the past 20 years, this paper summarized the mechanisms of Zhongjing's prescriptions against depression from the experimental and clinical research aspects, in order to provide reference for clinical treatment of depression with Zhongjing's prescriptions.
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Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang (CJLM) on hippocampal NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)inflammasome pathway in rats with depression. Method:Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a model group, a MCC950 (1 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group, and high- (13 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), medium- (6.5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and low-dose (3.25 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups, with 10 rats in each group.The depression model was induced by isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS) in rats except for those in the normal group. Rats were treated correspondingly for 21 days by intraperitoneal injection in the MCC950 group and gavage in other groups. The normal group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. The depression-like behaviors of rats were observed by sucrose preference test (SPT) and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of interleukin-1<italic>β </italic>(IL-1<italic>β</italic>) and IL-18 in the hippocampus of depressed rats. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and Caspase-1. Result:Compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate (<italic>P</italic><0.01), prolonged novelty-suppressed feeding time (<italic>P</italic><0.01), enhanced protein expression of NLRP3,ASC, and caspase-1<italic> </italic>(<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), and elevated expression of IL-1<italic>β</italic> and IL-18 (<italic>P</italic><0.01). Conclusion:CJLM can alleviate depression-like behaviors in CUMS-induced model rats, and the underlying mechanism is related to the inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Sinisan on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrKB), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)/5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR), and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in depressed rats, and explore the antidepressant mechanism of Sinisan based on BDNF/TrKB, 5-HT/5-HT1AR, and HPA axis. Method:A total of 120 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a fluoxetine (0.01 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) group, and low- (1.25 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), medium- (2.5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and high-dose (5 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>) Sinisan groups, with 20 rats in each group. The depression model was induced by isolation combined with chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS) in rats except for those in the normal group for 21 days. Rats were then treated correspondingly once a day for 21 days by gavage. Those in the normal group and the model group received an equal volume of normal saline. During the intervention, the model rats were stimulated continuously. The depressive state of CUMS model rats was evaluated by sucrose preference test and open field test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT) in the plasma and BDNF and 5-HT levels in the hippocampal homogenate. The mRNA expression of hippocampal TrKB, 5-HT1AR, glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was detected by real-time fluorescence-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR). The protein expression of hippocampal TrKB, 5-HT1AR, GR, and MR was detected by Western blot. The histomorphological changes of the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. Result:Compared with the normal group, the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate (<italic>P</italic><0.01), reduced horizontal and vertical scores in the open field test (<italic>P</italic><0.01), increased plasma content of CRH, ACTH, and CORT (<italic>P</italic><0.01), declining content of BDNF and 5-HT in the hippocampus (<italic>P</italic><0.01), dwindled mRNA and protein expression levels of TrKB, 5-HT1AR, and GR (<italic>P</italic><0.01), elevated mRNA and protein expression of MR (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and damaged hippocampal neurons revealed by HE staining. Compared with the model group, the groups with drug intervention showed increased sucrose preference rate (<italic>P</italic><0.01) and horizontal and vertical scores in the open field test (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), decreased content of plasma CRH, ACTH, and CORT (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), elevated content of hippocampal BDNF and 5-HT (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), elevated mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal TrKB, 5-HT1AR, and GR (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), reduced mRNA and protein expression levels of hippocampal MR (<italic>P</italic><0.05, <italic>P</italic><0.01), and recovered hippocampal neurons as revealed by HE staining. Conclusion:Sinisan can exert a significant antidepressant effect by increasing hippocampal BDNF and 5-HT content, up-regulating TrKB, 5-HT1AR, and GR mRNA and protein expression, down-regulating MR mRNA and protein expression, inhibiting HPA axis hypertrophy, and enhancing the regeneration and repair of hippocampal neurons.
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Objective:To observe the clinical therapeutic effect of Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine in the treatment of patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Method:The patients with depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia (120 cases) were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 60 cases in each group. The patients in the observation group received Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine, and those in the control group received fluoxetine. The course of treatment was eight weeks. The clinical efficacy was evaluated with Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI), and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the plasma levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and S100<italic>β</italic>. Result:After eight weeks of treatment, the scores of HAMD and PSQI were reduced(<italic>P</italic><0.01), while the scores of ADL were elevated(<italic>P</italic><0.01),and the levels of 5-HT, NE, GDNF and BDNF were up-regulated (<italic>P</italic><0.01) in the plasma of patients in the observation group as compared with those before treatment. After treatment, compared with the control group, the observation group showed increased total effective rate(<italic>P</italic><0.01), decreased scores of HAMD and PSQI (<italic>P</italic><0.01), elevated score of ADL(<italic>P</italic><0.01), up-regulated levels of 5-HT, NE, GDNF and BDNF in plasma, and declining NSE and S100<italic>β</italic>(<italic>P</italic><0.01). Conclusion:Suanzaoren Tang combined with fluoxetine is superior to fluoxetine alone in treating the depression of liver stagnation and blood deficiency accompanied by insomnia. Its therapeutic effect is achieved by increasing the release of monoamine neurotransmitters and promoting the secretion of BDNF and GDNF in the brain.
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Objective:To observe the effect of Zuoguiwan on bone metabolism and Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin signaling pathway in ovariectomized osteoporotic rats model, and to explore the molecular biological mechanism of Zuoguiwan in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Method:The rat model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established by bilateral ovariectomy, 60 female SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, positive group (estradiol valerate tablet 0.05 mg·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>) and low, middle and high dose groups of Zuoguiwan (5.5,11,22 g·kg<sup>-1</sup>·d<sup>-1</sup>).After successful establishment of the model in the 13<sup>th</sup> week, intragastric administration (<italic>ig</italic>) was given once a day for a total of 12 weeks. After administration, the histomorphological changes of femur in rats were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content(BMC) of femur were measured by dual energy X-ray apparatus, and the biomechanical properties of bone were measured by MTS Acumen3 biomechanical testing system. The contents of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), bone glaprotein(BGP),estradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) ,and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), type Ⅰ procollagen N-terminal propeptide (PINP) in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Western blot was used to detect the protein level of Wnt2,<italic>β</italic>-catenin,low density lipoprotein related receptor protein 5 (LRP5) and the phosphorylation level of glycogen synthase kinase-3<italic>β</italic>(GSK-3<italic>β</italic>) in rat tibia. Result:Compared with sham operation group, the maximum load and stiffness of BMD,BMC, in the model group decreased significantly(<italic>P</italic><0.01), the contents of E<sub>2</sub> and PINP in serum decreased significantly(<italic>P</italic><0.01), the content of BALP,BGP,TRAP increased significantly(<italic>P</italic><0.01), the expression levels of Wnt2,p-GSK-3<italic>β </italic>Ser9,LRP5 and <italic>β</italic>-catenin protein in bone tissue decreased significantly(<italic>P</italic><0.01), the trabecula of femur became thinner and thinner, the number of bone trabeculae decreased. Compared with model group, the maximum load and stiffness of BMD,BMC, in estradiol group and Zuoguiwan group were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01), the contents of serum E<sub>2</sub> and PINP were significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01), the content of BALP,BGP,TRAP was significantly decreased (<italic>P</italic><0.01), and the expression level of Wnt2,p-GSK-3<italic>β</italic> Ser9,LRP5, <italic>β</italic>-catenin protein in bone tissue was significantly increased (<italic>P</italic><0.05,<italic>P</italic><0.01) , the trabeculae of femur became thicker, the number increased, the structure was basically clear. Conclusion:Zuoguiwan has a certain preventive and therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats, and its mechanism may be related to increasing the level of estrogen, activating Wnt/<italic>β</italic>-catenin signaling pathway, up-regulating the expression of Wnt2 and LRP5 protein, inhibiting the activity of GSK-3<italic>β</italic>, reducing the degradation of <italic>β</italic>-catenin, coordinating the dynamic coupling balance between bone formation and bone resorption, correcting the disorder of bone metabolism and improving bone morphology.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression characteristics and clinical value of OTC4 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). METHODS: Sixty-five patients with MDS were selected from June 2017 to April 2018, and 39 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow collected by aseptic puncture. The OTC4 gene level of MDS patients was detected by RT-PCR, and the OTC4 protein of MDS patients was detected by Western blot. The survival curve of MDS patients was drawn by Kaplan-Meier. Cox multivariate analysis was used to analyze the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: The relative expression level of OTC4 gene in MDS patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (Pï¼0.05). Western blot showed that the expression level of OTC4 protein in MDS patients was higher than that in the control group (Pï¼0.05). OTC4 gene expression level closely related with the leukocyte count, and the level of hemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase and platelet count in MDS patients (Pï¼0.05). CR rate of MDS patients with low OTC4 gene expression was 54.8%, which was higher than that of high OTC4 gene expression group (Pï¼0.05), while HI, SD and PD rates of MDS patients with low OTC4 gene expression were 9.7%, 12.9% and 6.5% respectively, which were lower than those of high OTC4 gene expression group (Pï¼0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that OS and DFS in patients with low OTC4 gene expression were superior to those with high OTC4 gene expression (Pï¼0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that leukocyte count and OTC4 gene were independent influencing factors for OS (Pï¼0.05), platelet level and OTC4 gene expression were independent influencing factors for DFS (Pï¼0.05). CONCLUSION: OTC4 gene closely relates with the severity of MDS. The patients with lower expression of OTC4 gene have better prognosis, the detection of OTC4 gene has higher clinical value for evaluating the prognosis of MDS patients.
Assuntos
Síndromes Mielodisplásicas , Medula Óssea , Células da Medula Óssea , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , PrognósticoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression characteristics and clinical value of OTC4 gene in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).@*METHODS@#Sixty-five patients with MDS were selected from June 2017 to April 2018, and 39 healthy subjects were selected as control group. Mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow collected by aseptic puncture. The OTC4 gene level of MDS patients was detected by RT-PCR, and the OTC4 protein of MDS patients was detected by Western blot. The survival curve of MDS patients was drawn by Kaplan-Meier. Cox multivariate analysis was used to analyze the independent prognostic factors.@*RESULTS@#The relative expression level of OTC4 gene in MDS patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Western blot showed that the expression level of OTC4 protein in MDS patients was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). OTC4 gene expression level closely related with the leukocyte count, and the level of hemoglobin, and lactate dehydrogenase and platelet count in MDS patients (P<0.05). CR rate of MDS patients with low OTC4 gene expression was 54.8%, which was higher than that of high OTC4 gene expression group (P<0.05), while HI, SD and PD rates of MDS patients with low OTC4 gene expression were 9.7%, 12.9% and 6.5% respectively, which were lower than those of high OTC4 gene expression group (P<0.05). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that OS and DFS in patients with low OTC4 gene expression were superior to those with high OTC4 gene expression (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that leukocyte count and OTC4 gene were independent influencing factors for OS (P<0.05), platelet level and OTC4 gene expression were independent influencing factors for DFS (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#OTC4 gene closely relates with the severity of MDS. The patients with lower expression of OTC4 gene have better prognosis, the detection of OTC4 gene has higher clinical value for evaluating the prognosis of MDS patients.
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Depression is a kind of emotional and mental disorder, which is related to many pathogenic factors, such as abnormal metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, immune inflammatory reaction, neuroendocrine disorder and so on. it has the characteristics of high disability rate and high recurrence rate, which is seriously harmful to human health. It brings huge economic burden to patients and their families. At present, the commonly used antidepressants in clinic are monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors. Long-term use causes adverse reactions such as cardiovascular, urinary and digestive dysfunction. The multi-target, multi-pathway and multi-mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine has played a great role in the treatment and rehabilitation of depression. At the same time, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually become a hot spot in the research and development of antidepressants because of its small side effects and good drug compliance. Especially the ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae with precise medication and rigorous prescription has unique advantages in the treatment of depression. For thousands of years, it has been used clinically by countless doctors in the treatment of various types of depression, with definite curative effects and few side effects. In recent years, clinical research, experimental research, and pharmacological research around ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae for depression have been continuously expanded and deepened. This article reveals the rules of medication of the treatment of depression with ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae from three aspects of Bupleurum class prescription, Gardenia class prescription, and other prescriptions, which is reflected in the study on the composition of prescription, the etiology, and pathogenesis and the symptoms of the treatment. Integrating and classifying ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae's experience in the treatment of depression, mainly expounded from two aspects, clinical research and pharmacological research, summarizing the research perspective and progress of Zhongjing prescription medicine in the treatment of depression in recent years, to excavate, inherit and develop ZHANG Zhong-jing's classical formulae, and provide experience and reference for the treatment of depression from multiple angles and ideas.
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Objective:To study the effect of Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang on phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway of hippocampus in rats with depression. Method:A total of 120 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group, and low, middle and high-dose Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups(3.25,6.5,13 g·kg-1), and fluoxetine group, with 20 rats in each group. Except normal group, the depression model was prepared through chronic unpredictable mild stimulation(CUMS). The normal group and the model group were given normal saline with 6.5 g·kg-1 by gavage. Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang groups were intragastrically given corresponding herbal drugs 3.75,6.5,13 g·kg-1, while fluoxetine group was intragastrically given fluoxetine 10 mg·kg-1 for 21 days, once a day. Then the depressive behaviors of rats were observed by sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). Western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of PI3K,Akt,GSK3β and phosphorylation level. Result:Compared with normal group,the sucrose preference index was decreased significantly,while the immobility time in FST was increased significantly(P<0.01), the protein expressions of PI3K, p-PI3K p110, p-PI3K p85 were decreased significantly (P<0.01), and expressions of Akt, p-Akt Thr308,p-Akt Ser473, p-GSK3β Ser9 and β-catenin were decreased significantly(P<0.01), while the level of GSK3β, p-GSK3β Tyr216 were increased significantly in model group(P<0.05,P<0.01). Compared with model group,Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang could increase sucrose preference index and decrease the immobility time in FST(P<0.01), the protein expressions of PI3K p110 and PI3K p85 was increased significantly (P<0.01), levels of Akt Thr308,Akt Ser473, p-GSK3β Ser9, β-catenin were increased significantly (P<0.01), whereas levels of GSK3β, and GSK3β Tyr216 were decreased significantly. Conclusion:Chaihu Jia Longgu Mulitang could increase protein expression and activity of PI3K in rat hippocampus, activate Akt, inhibit GSK3β kinase activity and prevent β-catenin from degradation, so as to increase PI3K/Akt pathway activity in rat hippocampus, and protect hippocampal neurons.