[Effects of fluoride on expression of survivin during rats' dental germ development].

PURPOSE: This study was to investigate the expression of survivin in dental germ development of SD rats with fluorosis, and explore the effects of fluoride on survivin expression and the pathogenic mechanism of dental fluorosis. METHODS: Forty-five SD rats (pregnant for 10 days) were randomly divided into control group, experimental group 1 and group 2. Drinking water with fluoride concentration of 0, 50, 150 mg/L was provided for rats accordingly. The samples were collected at E18.5th day, E20.5th day, P1.5th day, P3.5th day and P5.5th day, then the samples of P1.5th day were selected for H-E staining. SABC method was used for immunohistochemical analysis of samples in each group. The images were acquired by Motic Med 6.0 digital medical image analysis system, and the data were analyzed for ANOVA with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: Survivin expression fluctuated and exhibited 'M' shape (rose first and fell later) in each group.There was no significant difference at E18.5th day (F=1.050, P>0.05) and E20.5th day (F=2.232, P>0.05) between each group. There were significant differences at P1.5th day (F=3.538, P<0.05), P 3.5th day (F=3.820, P<0.05) and P5.5th day (F=5.096, P<0.05) between the control and experimental groups. The postnatal rats in each group were evaluated by SNK method for surviving expression. There was no significant difference between control group and experimental group 1 (P>0.05). However, there was significant difference between control group and experimental group 2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that fluoride can decrease the expression of survivin in the postnatal rats with higher fluoride concentration, which may be the mechanism in the development of dental fluorosis.

[A study of oral health behaviors among 65 to 74 years old people in Shanxi province].

PURPOSE: To assess the oral health behaviors among 65 to 74 years old people in Shanxi province, and provide a base line for oral health service. METHODS: Four hundred and five old people aged from 65 to 74 in Shaanxi province was selected according to the Third National Oral Health Investigation Criteria and the oral health behaviors of them were investigated by questionnaire. SPSS 13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the participates, 14.3%, 6.6%, 39.5% of old people ate dessert, candy/chocolate, sugar-containing dairy products every day, and 27.5%, 17.0%, 0.7%, 0.5% drank fresh fruit, saccharine, fruit juice, carbonated drinks once daily, respectively. Compared with the rural areas,the proportion of people who drank fresh fruit or ate dessert, sugar-containing dairy products once daily was higher in the urban area (P<0.01). The proportion of people who significantly smoked cigarette, drank alcohol, or drank tea every day was 31.4%, 33.8% and 70.6%, respectively. Smoking and tea consumption were more prevalent in the urban area as well as in males(P<0.01). No difference was found between the prevalence of drinking alcohol in the urban and rural area(P>0.05), but more males drank alcohol than females(P<0.01). 55.8% of people brushed their teeth more than one time a day. Among the investigated people, about 80% never used the toothpick;only 0.7% of them used dental floss;About 30% of the investigated people used fluorine-contained toothpaste, more of them in the urban areas (P<0.01). Fluorine toothpaste usage was 29.1%, significant difference was found between in the urban and rural area (P<0.01), but no significant difference was noted between in males and females(P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Oral health behaviors of 65 to 74 years old people in Shanxi province is irrationality, and needs to be adjusted and improved.