Advancing the conversation: A review of scholarly activity for curricular interventions for sexually- and gender-diverse patients in pharmacy education.

BACKGROUND: Educational interventions are required to train pharmacists to provide culturally safe care to sexually- and gender-diverse patients. Programming must promote inclusivity and should also focus on systemwide change. The aim of this review was to identify, summarize, and map scholarly activity with respect to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, plus (LGBTQ+) health in entry-to-practice pharmacy curricula. METHODS: An electronic search of Medline, EMBASE, and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts was conducted to search for relevant literature up to May 2021. This search was supplemented with a keyword search of three pharmacy education journals. Articles were included in the review if they described an educational intervention for entry-to-practice pharmacy students related to health for sexually- or gender-diverse patients. RESULTS: Five articles met inclusion criteria. All articles reported interventions relating to gender-diverse patients. One reported interventions relating to sexually-diverse patients and another was deemed unclear. Four articles reported single teaching events or short modules, and one article reported a full course. Incorporating real patients into teaching events to share their experiences with the health system was consistently received positively by students. IMPLICATIONS: Scholars involved in developing and implementing educational interventions related to health for sexually- and gender-diverse patients should be encouraged to contribute to the scholarly conversation by sharing successful experiences, as well as lessons learned. Future areas of expansion include integration of sexual and gender minority health across curricula and including content to prepare students for implementing and supporting systemwide change.

Antimicrobial glycoalkaloids from the tubers of Stephania succifera.

Three new glycoalkaloids, N-formyl-asimilobine-2-O-ß-D-glucoside (1), (-)-1-O-ß-D-glucoside-8-oxotetrahydropalmatine (2), and 1-N-monomethylcarbamate-argentinine-3-O-ß-D-glucoside (3) were isolated from tubers of Stephania succifera. The structures were established based on spectroscopic analysis, and the antimicrobial activities of the three glycoalkaloids are reported.

Oxidative stress-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells induced by organic arsenicals.

Arsenic trioxide has shown the excellent therapeutic efficiency for acute promyelocytic leukemia. Nowadays, more and more research focuses on the design of the arsenic drugs, especially organic arsenicals, and on the mechanism of the inducing cell death. Here we have synthesized some organic arsenicals with Schiff base structure, which showed a better antitumor activity for three different kinds of cancer cell lines, namely HL-60, SGC 7901 and MCF-7. Compound 2a (2-(((4-(oxoarsanyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) and 2b (2-methoxy-4-(((4-(oxoarsanyl)phenyl)imino)methyl)phenol) were chosen for further mechanism study due to their best inhibitory activities for HL-60 cells, of which the half inhibitory concentration (IC50) were 0.77 µM and 0.51 µM, respectively. It was illustrated that 2a or 2b primarily induced the elevation of reactive oxygen species, decrease of glutathione level, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, activation of Caspase-3 and apoptosis, whereas all of the phenomena can be eliminated by the addition of antioxidants. Therefore, we concluded that compound 2a and 2b can induce the oxidative stress-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Both the simplicity of structure with Schiff base group and the better anticancer efficiency demonstrate that organic arsenicals are worthy of further exploration as a class of potent antitumor drugs.

[p38 signal pathway regulates osteogenic differentiation of maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells].

PURPOSE: To explore whether p38 signal pathway regulates osteogenic differentiation of maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells. METHODS: The first passage of maxillary primordium mesenchymal cells (MPMCs) from E12.5 embryos were cultured in the osteogenic medium, and 10 nM SB203580 (an inhibitor of phosphorylation of p38) was added in the medium in the experimental group for 1 week. Then immunofluorescence staining was applied to detect the phosphorylation of p38 in MPMCs. Brdu label and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the proliferation of MPMCs. ALP staining and qPCR were used to detect the mRNA expression of ALP, Runx2, OCN and OPN in MPMCs. ALP staining and PCR were used to evaluate the osteogenic capability of MPMCs. SPSS 18.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Osteogenic induction could promote phosphorylation of p38, inhibit phosphorylation of p38 and proliferation of MPMCs, down-regulate the expression of ALP, Runx2, OCN and OPN, thus weaken the ALP staining in MPMCs. CONCLUSIONS: p38 signal pathway regulates osteogenic differentiation of MPMCs in vitro.

Three new phenolic compounds from Dalbergia odorifera.

Three new phenolic compounds (1-3) were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen. (Leguminosae). Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (HSQC, COSY, HMBC and ROESY). Compound 2 exhibited cytotoxicity against BEL-7402 tumor cell lines.

[Chemical constituents of Dalbergia odorifera].

Fourteen compounds were isolated from Dalbergia odoriferae and purified by repeated column chromatography on silica and sephadex LH-20 gel and structurally identified by spectral analysis. These compounds were identified as 4, 9-dimethoxy-3-hydroxypterocarpan (1), medicarpin (2), 2', 4', 5-trihydroxy-7-methoxyisoflavone (3), 2', 3', 7-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavan (4), formononetin (5), 3, 8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (6), koparin (7), 3-hydroxy-9-methoxypterocarp-6a-ene (8), 2'-hydroxyformononetin (9), stevenin (10), 2', 7-dihydroxy-4', 5'-dimethoxyisoflavone (11), lyoniresinol (12), 2, 4-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-benzophenone (13) and neokhriol A (14). Compounds 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Antibacterial activity assay showed that compound 4 had inhibitory effect on Ralstonia solanacearum.

Daphnane-type diterpenoid glucosides and further constituents of Euphorbia pilosa.

Phytochemical investigation of whole plants of Euphorbia pilosa led to the isolation and identification of two new daphnane-diterpenoid glucosides, euphopilosides A and B (1 and 2, resp.), and a new ent-abietane, euphopilolide (3), together with eight known compounds. Compounds 1 and 2 are the first daphnane-type diterpenoid glycosides. Their structures were elucidated by a combination of 1D- and 2D-NMR, and MS analyses, and acid hydrolysis. Compounds 1-9 were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicities against five human tumor cell lines, HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, and SW-480. Compound 7 showed moderate inhibitory activity against all five cell lines.

Five new sesquiterpenoids from Dalbergia odorifera.

Five new sesquiterpenes (1-5) along with ten known ones were isolated from the heartwood of Dalbergia odorifrea T. Chen. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic techniques including MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR. Bioassay results showed that compounds 1 and 9 had inhibitory effect on Candida albicans, and compound 9 exhibited inhibitory effects on Staphylococcus aureus by paper disk diffusion method.

Two new meroterpenes from endophytic fungus A1 of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea.

Two new meroterpenes, guignardone D (1) and guignardone E (2), were isolated from endophytic fungus A1 of Scyphiphora hydrophyllacea Gaertn. F. Their structures were established based on spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR (HMQC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC, and ROESY).

A new eudesmane sesquiterpenoid lactone from Chloranthus japonicus.

AIM: To study the chemical constituents of the whole plant of Chloranthus japonicus. METHODS: Compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. RESULTS: Six sesquiterpenoids were obtained and their structures were identified as chlojaponilactone A (1), atractylenolide III (2), neolitacumone B (3), 10α-hydroxy-1-oxoeremophila-7(11), 8(9)-diene-8, 12-olide (4), shizukanolide C (5), and shizukanolide H (6). CONCLUSION: Compound 1 is a new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid lactone, and compounds 3 and 4 have been isolated from this species for the first time.

Lindenane disesquiterpenoids with anti-HIV-1 activity from Chloranthus japonicus.

Five new lindenane disesquiterpenoids, chlorajaponilides A-E (1-5), together with 11 known analogues were isolated from whole plants of Chloranthus japonicus. The structure and absolute configuration of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 represent the first examples of lindenane disesquiterpenoids with a C-5 hydroxy group and a C-4-C-15 double bond. Compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 showed anti-HIV-1 replication activities in both wild-type HIV-1 and two NNRTIs-resistant strains. Shizukaol B (8) exhibited the best activity against HIV(wt), HIV(RT-K103N), and HIV(RT-K103N) with EC50 values of 0.22, 0.47, and 0.50 µM, respectively. Compounds 8, 9, 11, and 12 had significant cytotoxicities against C8166 cells with CC50 values of 0.020, 0.089, 0.047, and 0.022, respectively, and exhibited inhibitory activities against HIV-1 with EC50 values of 0.0014, 0.016, 0.0043, and 0.0033 µM, respectively.

Anti-inflammatory flavonolignans from Hydnocarpus anthelminthica seeds.

A new flavonolignan, anthelminthicol A (1), together with four known compounds, was isolated from the EtOAc extracts of the seeds of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica. Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques. Bioassay showed that compounds 3-5 could inhibit nitric oxide production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cell lines, with IC(50) values of 7.81, 9.38, and 10.55 µM, respectively.

Antituberculosis agents and an inhibitor of the para-aminobenzoic acid biosynthetic pathway from Hydnocarpus anthelminthica seeds.

Investigation on the extracts of Hydnocarpus anthelminthica seeds led to the isolation of three new compounds, anthelminthicins A-C (1-3, resp.), and two known ones, namely chaulmoogric acid (4) and ethyl chaulmoograte (5). Their structures were determined mainly by using spectroscopic techniques. The absolute configuration at the cyclopentenyl moiety of compound 2 was rationalized by quantum calculations. Base hydrolysis, followed by optical-rotation comparison, allowed assignment of the configuration of chaulmoogric-acid moiety of compounds 3 and 5. Biological assays revealed that compounds 1-5 significantly inhibit Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) growth with MIC values of 5.54, 16.70, 4.38, 9.82, and 16.80 microM, respectively. Compound 3 was found to inhibit the pathway between chorismate and para-aminobenzoic acid (pAba) with a MIC value of 11.3 microM, representing a new example of pAba inhibitor isolated from a natural source. All compounds were not toxic to Candida albicans SC5314 at a concentration up to 100 microM.

[Study on HPLC fingerprint of water-soluble constituents of Carthamus tinctorius].

OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC-fingerprint of the water-soluble constituents of Carthamus tinctorius. METHODS: 18 samples of Carthamus tinctorius from different producing areas were determined by Agilent 1100 DAD-HPLC under the chromatographic conditions: column by SinoChrom ODS-BP (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm), methanol-0.7% H3PO4 water with gradient elution, column temperature 30 degrees C, flow rate by 1 ml/min, wavelength 280 nm, and inject volume 20 microl. RESULTS: The HPLC-fingerprint of the water-soluble constituents of Cartharnus tinctorius was established on the basis of 10 bitch of drugs from Xinjiang according to SPSS analysis. CONCLUSION: A reliable method is provided for the quality identification of Carthamus tinctorius.

Steroidal saponins from Lysimachia Paridiformis.

A new steroidal saponin, paridiformoside B (1), was obtained from the EtOH extract of the whole plant of Lysimachia Paridiformis Franch, togerher with one steroidal sapogenin (7) and seven known steroidal saponins (2-6, 8-9). Their structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR spectra.