A self-assembled nanoprobe for rapid detection of hypochlorite in pure water and its application in living cells, food and environmental systems.

As an important ROS species participating in various physiological and pathological processes, high level of hypochlorite (ClO-) poses significant health and safety concerns, necessitating efficient detection methods. Herein, this study introduces a water-soluble fluorescent nanoprobe Nano-SJD, effectively detect ClO- in both food samples and living cells. The small molecular probe SJD with N, N-dimethylthiocarbamyl (DMTC) as recognition moiety was constructed based on a naphthalene derivative. To further improve the water solubility, SJD was assembled with an amphiphilic copolymer (mPEG-DSPE) to prepare a water soluble fluorescent nanoprobe Nano-SJD. Fortunately, the nanoprobe preserves the excellent properties of small molecules and performs very well optical response to ClO- in aqueous solution, possessing the advantages including ultra-rapid response (within 1 s), minimal interference, low detection limits (0.39 µM) and good pH stability. What's more important, we have also developed smartphone-compatible test paper strips for convenient on-site detection of ClO- in real-water samples. Additionally, the robust fluorescent imaging behavior of Nano-SJD for visualization of ClO- in living cells highlights its broad potential in biosystem applicability.

A smartphone-adaptable fluorescent probe for visual monitoring of fish freshness and its application in fluorescent dyes.

Due to increasing food safety issues, developing intelligent, on-site, and visual methods for detecting fish freshness has attracted significant attention. Here, we have prepared a benzo[h]chromene derivative BCN that can visually detect 12 biogenic amines (BAs) with high sensitivity. The mechanism for recognizing cadaverine (Cad) is that the probe reacts with Cad to produce a Schiff base derivative, which alters the charge distribution within the molecule, resulting in significant colorimetric and fluorescence changes. The sensing label BCN/FPS was prepared by loading the probe BCN on filter paper, and a visual detection platform was constructed by combining it with a smartphone. By monitoring the correspondence between label color and TVB-N content, a working curve of (R + B)/(R + B + G) with TVB-N content was obtained, enabling visual evaluation of salmon freshness using only a mobile phone. In addition, based on the good solubility and processability of BCN, its application in fluorescent dyes including impregnating dyes, printing inks, coatings, and flexible films has been explored, which opens up new directions for the application of BCN. Therefore, BCN has the potential for real-time monitoring of meat freshness and preparation of fluorescent materials.

A sensing label or gel loaded with an NIR emission fluorescence probe for ultra-fast detection of volatile amine and fish freshness.

A simple benzopyran-based fluorescence probe DCA-Apa detection of volatile amine has been synthesized. DCA-Apa can recognize volatile amines by dual channel mode (changing from blue to light yellow in sunlight, and from weak pink to orange under 365 nm) in pure water system. DCA-Apa has the advantages of ultra-fast response (∼6 s), NIR emission (655 nm), and a good fluorescence response for many amines. The sensing label or gel loaded with DCA-Apa was prepared by the dipping or mixing method using filter paper or gelatin as solid carriers, which can identify volatile amine vapor and monitor the freshness of salmon by colorimetric and fluorescent dual channels. When the color of the label changes to light yellow-green or the fluorescence of the label becomes orange fluorescence (365 nm UV lamp), it indicates that the fish has rotted. The two-channel method makes up for the deficiency of the single colorimetric method, and establishes a theoretical foundation for more precise assessment of fish freshness.

Visualizing the crucial roles of plasma membrane and peroxynitrite during abdominal aortic aneurysm using two-photon fluorescence imaging.

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and cell plasma membrane (CPM) are two key factors in cell pyroptosis during the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, their combined temporal and spatial roles in initiating AAA pathogenesis remain unclear. Herein, we developed a two-photon fluorescence probe, BH-Vis, enabling real-time dynamic detection of CPM and ONOO- changes, and revealing their interplay in AAA. BH-Vis precisely targets CPM with reduced red fluorescence intensity correlating with diminished CPM tension. Concurrently, a blue shift of the fluorescence signal of BH-Vis occurs in response to ONOO- offering a reliable ratiometric detection mode with enhanced accuracy by minimizing external testing variables. More importantly, two photon confocal imaging with palmitic acid (PA) and ganglioside (GM1) manipulation, which modulating cell pyroptosis, showcases reliable fluorescence fluctuations. This groundbreaking application of BH-Vis in a mouse AAA model demonstrates its significant potential for accurately identifying cell pyroptosis levels during AAA development.

Clinical observation of extraction-site incisional hernia after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery increases the risk of incisional hernia (IH) at the tumor extraction site. AIM: To investigate the incidence of IH at extraction sites following laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery and identify the risk factors for IH incidence. METHODS: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery with tumor extraction through the abdominal wall at our center between January 2017 and December 2022. Differences in the incidence of postoperative IH at different extraction sites and the risk factors for IH incidence were investigated. RESULTS: Among the 1614 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical colorectal cancer surgery, 303 (18.8%), 923 (57.2%), 171 (10.6%), and 217 (13.4%) tumors were extracted through supraumbilical midline, infraumbilical midline, umbilical, and off-midline incisions. Of these, 52 patients developed IH in the abdominal wall, with an incidence of 3.2%. The incidence of postoperative IH was significantly higher in the off-midline incision group (8.8%) than in the middle incision groups [the supraumbilical midline (2.6%), infraumbilical midline (2.2%), and umbilical incision (2.9%) groups] (χ2 = 24.985; P < 0.05). Univariate analysis showed that IH occurrence was associated with age, obesity, sex, chronic cough, incision infection, and combined diabetes, anemia, and hypoproteinemia (P < 0.05). Similarly, multivariate analysis showed that off-midline incision, age, sex (female), obesity, incision infection, combined chronic cough, and hypoproteinemia were independent risk factors for IH at the site of laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidence of postoperative IH differs between extraction sites for laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery. The infraumbilical midline incision is associated with a lower hernia rate and is thus a suitable tumor extraction site.

A novel fluorescence probe for ultrafast detection of SO2 derivatives/biogenic amines and its multi-application: Detecting food and fish freshness, fluorescent dye and bioimaging.

In this study, we have effectively prepared a novel fluorescent probe named HDXM based on benzopyran derivatives for the ultrafast detection (within 3 s) of SO2 derivatives or biogenic amines. HDXM showed a noticeable color change after the addition of SO2 derivatives (from purple to colorless) or biogenic amines (from purple to blue), indicating that HDXM can identify two analytes with the naked eye. It is worth noting that HDXM can be used to detect SO2 derivatives in actual sugar samples, and to image HSO3-/SO32- in living cells. More importantly, sensing labels (HDXM-loaded filter paper or agarose hydrogel) enable real-time visual monitoring of salmon freshness through colorimetric and fluorescence dual channels. Compared with the Chinese national standard method, the sensing label is an effective tool for evaluating the freshness of fish. Benefiting from its excellent solubility and fluorescence performance, HDXM can be used as a versatile fluorescent material in various applications, including flexible films, glass coatings, impregnating dyes, printing, and fingerprint ink. HDXM is expected to be a promising and valuable multifunctional tool for food safety and fluorescent materials.

A colorimetric and NIR fluorescent probe for ultrafast detecting bisulfite and organic amines and its applications in food, imaging, and monitoring fish freshness.

Herein, for the first time, we have successfully constructed a novel near-infrared (NIR) emission fluorescent probe Dpyt for ultrafast detecting (within 5 s) bisulfate and organic amines based on a 1,2-dihydrocyclopenta[b]chromene-barbiturate conjugation system. Upon addition of bisulfate or organic amines, Dpyt displayed a distinct color change from blue to colorless or from purple to blue, respectively, suggesting that the Dpyt can be used to detect two analytes by the naked eye. Based on quantum chemistry calculations, the fluorescence quenching of Dpyt after the addition of HSO3- is caused by the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of the adduct Dpyt-HSO3-. The fluorescence enhancement of Dpyt caused by most organic amines is due to the enhanced intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process of deprotonated Dpyt. Notably, Dpyt can be applied for detecting HSO3- in actual food samples such as red wine and sugar, as well as for imaging of HSO3- and representative propylamine in living cells. And more importantly, indicator labels constructed by filter paper loaded with Dpyt can visually monitor the freshness of salmon in real-time by daylight and fluorescence dual-mode. The comparison with national standard method of China manifests that indicator labels are a valid tool to assess the freshness of seafood.

Clinical observation of laparoscopic seromuscular dissection in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and oncological prognosis of laparoscopic seromuscular dissection (LSD) in the treatment of gastric stromal tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From June 2016 to July 2022, 67 patients with gastric stromal tumors underwent laparoscopic seromuscular dissection (LSD), and 58 patients underwent non-LSD surgery during the same period (52 patients underwent laparoscopic gastric wedge resection (LWR), two patients underwent proximal gastrectomy, three patients underwent total gastrectomy, one patient underwent distal gastrectomy and partial hepatectomy). Gastric stromal tumor patients were compared to compare the surgical results, tumor relapse rate, and survival rate of the two groups. RESULTS: The results of the two groups were compared. For gastric stromal tumors, especially gastric stromal tumors located at 'difficult sites', LSD can reduce the amount of bleeding and the number of cutting staplers used during the operation, reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, shorten the postoperative hospitalization time, reduce the hospitalization cost and improve the quality of life of patients without increasing the operation time. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic seromuscular dissection for gastric stromal tumors is safe and technically feasible in the hands of experienced laparoscopic surgeons.

A red fluorescence probe for reversible detection of HSO3-/H2O2 and its application in food samples and bioimaging.

Reducing agent SO2 and oxidant H2O2 are two essential substances in cells, and the balance between them is closely related to the survival of cells. SO2 derivative HSO3- is often used as food additive. Therefore, simultaneous detection of SO2 and H2O2 is of great significance in biology and food safety. In this work, we successfully developed a mitochondria-targeted red fluorescent probe (HBTI), which has excellent selectivity, high sensitivity and large Stokes shift (202 nm). HBTI and HSO3-/SO32- undergo Michael addition on the unsaturated C=C bond, and the addition product (HBTI-HSO3-) can react with H2O2 to restore the conjugated structure. Fluorescence changes from red to non-emissive and then restores to red, and can be detected quickly and visually. In addition, HBTI has been successfully targeted mitochondria, and achieved dynamic reversible response to SO2/H2O2 in living cells, and has been successfully applied to detect SO2 in food samples.

An AIE mechanism-based fluorescent probe for relay recognition of HSO3-/H2O2 and its application in food detection and bioimaging.

In view of the important physiological role of HSO3- and H2O2, it is of great significance to develop fluorescent probes to detect HSO3- and H2O2 in aqueous medium. We herein report a new fluorescent probe (E)-3-(2-(4-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)styryl)benzo [d]thiazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate (TPE-y) possessing benzothiazolium salt based on tetraphenylethene (TPE) moiety with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics. TPE-y can sequentially recognize HSO3- and H2O2 through colorimetric and fluorescence dual-channel response in HEPES (pH = 7.4, 1% DMSO) buffer solution, and exhibits high sensitivity and selectivity, a large Stokes shift (189 nm), as well as a wide applicable pH range. The detection limits of TPE-y and TPE-y-HSO3 for HSO3- and H2O2 are 3.52 µM and 0.15 µM, respectively. The recognition mechanism is verified by 1H NMR and HRMS methods. Furthermore, TPE-y can detect HSO3- in sugar samples, and can image exogenous HSO3- and H2O2 in living MCF-7 cells. TPE-y can relay detect HSO3- and H2O2, which is of great significance to maintain the redox balance in organisms.

Reversible colorimetric and NIR fluorescent probe for sensing SO2/H2O2 in living cells and food samples.

Preservative sulfur dioxide (SO2) and bleach hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were widely used in the food industry, at the same time, they were also a redox pair in biological systems. Therefore, the reversible sensing SO2/H2O2 was of great significance in food safety and biology. In this paper, a colorimetric and NIR fluorescent dual channels response probe (DCA-Bba) for SO2/H2O2 based on chromene-barbiturate was developed. DCA-Bba exhibited a rapid and sensitive recognition of SO2, and the adduct DCA-Bba-HSO3- could detect H2O2 in PBS (with 10 % DMSO, v/v, pH 7.4) solution. The reversible response of DCA-Bba was implemented by HSO3- involved 1,4-addition and H2O2 induced elimination reaction. DCA-Bba showed a strong red fluorescence based on the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process, after the recognition of SO2, the fluorescence of the adduct was quenched based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. And importantly, DCA-Bba had been applied for imaging SO2/H2O2 redox cycles in living cells, as well as could detect the levels of SO2 in white sugar, biscuit, Chinese liquor and red wine samples.

KIF4 enforces the progression of colorectal cancer by inhibiting the autophagy via activating the Hedgehog signaling pathway.

This work firstly scrutinized the effect of KIF4 on the progression of CRC. KIF4 expression in CRC clinical tissues and cells was evaluated by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Transwell invasion and migration assay were implemented to research the function of KIF4 on the proliferation, invasion and migration of CRC cells. The effect of KIF4 on the autophagy and the Hedgehog pathway activityavtivity in CRC cells was explored in the presence or absence of rapamycin and ring propylamine. The expression of autophagy-related proteins was scrutinized by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Autophagosomes in CRC cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy. In vivo xenograft experiment was executed. Immunohistochemistry of xenograft tumor tissues was executed to investigate the Hedgehog pathway activityactivtiy. KIF4 was abundantly expressed in CRC clinical tissues and cells. KIF4 enforced the proliferation, invasion, migration of CRC cells, repressed the autophagy and activated the Hedgehog pathway in CRC cells. Rapamycin and ring propylamine treatment reversed the inhibition of KIF4 on the autophagy and the promotion of KIF4 on the Hedgehog pathway activity in CRC cells. Ring propylamine treatment reversed the inhibition of KIF4 on the autophagy in CRC cells. KIF4 intensified the in vivo growth of CRC cells and activated the Hedgehog pathway in xenograft tumor tissues. KIF4 acted as an oncogene in CRC by inhibiting the autophagy via activating the Hedgehog pathway. It might be a potential target for CRC treatment.

Novel Colorimetric and NIR Fluorescent Probe for Bisulfite/Sulfite Detection in Food and Water Samples and Living Cells Based on the PET Mechanism.

Despite their status of being widely used as food additives, bisulfite (HSO3-)/sulfite (SO32-) can pose serious health risks when they are excessively added. Therefore, it is vital to develop a new method for detecting HSO3-/SO32- in foodstuff. In this paper, a benzopyran-benzothiazole derivative (probe DCA-Btl) with near-infrared emission was designed and synthesized by constructing a "push-pull" electronic system. DCA-Btl can selectively recognize HSO3-/SO32- via a colorimetric and fluorescence dual channel in DMF/PBS (1:1, v/v, pH = 8.4), and the emission wavelength of DCA-Btl can reach 710 nm. The fluorescence quenching of DCA-Btl after recognition of HSO3- is attributed to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process of the adduct DCA-Btl-HSO3- as evaluated by the DFT/TD-DFT method. In addition, DCA-Btl has many advantages, including a large Stokes shift (95 nm), good anti-interference ability, and little cytotoxicity. What's more, DCA-Btl has been successfully applied for the detection of HSO3-/SO32- in actual water samples and food samples such as sugar, red wine, and biscuits with satisfying results, as well as for fluorescent imaging of HSO3- in living MCF-7 cells.

On-package ratiometric fluorescent sensing label based on AIE polymers for real-time and visual detection of fish freshness.

Freshness is an important parameter of fish quality. This study aims to develop a ratiometric fluorescent sensing label that is responsive to volatile amines, affording real-time and visual detection of fish freshness. For developing of the sensing label, an aggregation-induced emissive (AIE) polymer was prepared from the stimuli-responsive polymer polymethacrylic acid and the AIE molecule tetraphenylethylene and coated on to filter paper with rhodamine B as an internal reference. By exploiting the ratiometric response, the freshness of fish could be identified clearly and easily according to the color of on-package label, which changes from pink (fresh) to dark blue. The difference was linearly correlated with the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N, R2 = 0.995 and 0.994 at 25 °C and 4 °C, respectively) in the range of 15-25 mg/100 g for the salmon samples, which indicated that the sensing label feasibly and non-destructively quantified TVB-N.

Mitochondria-Targeted Fluorescent Turn-On Probe for Rapid Detection of Bisulfite/Sulfite in Water and Food Samples.

Bisulfite (HSO3-)/Sulfite (SO32-) is widely used as a food additive, but excessive use often leads to serious consequences, so the detection of HSO3-/SO32- is of great importance. In this paper, a novel 1,4-diethylpiperazine-modified coumarin-benzopyran derivative (probe QLP) has been synthesized and characterized. In PBS (10 mM, pH = 7.4), QLP displays good selectivity and is sensitive for HSO3-/SO32- over various analytes with fluorescent "OFF-ON" rapid responding (2 min), long-wavelength emission (600 nm), and a detection limit of 177 nM. With the treatment of HSO3-/SO32-, the color of the QLP solution obviously changes from blue-green to yellow, and the fluorescent color of QLP changes from colorless to amaranth. The fluorescence-enhanced mechanism is qualitatively evaluated by density functional theory calculations using the CAM-B3LYP/6-31G (d) method, which reveals that the photoinduced electron transfer leads to the fluorescence emission of the QLP-SO3H adduct. Importantly, nontoxic QLP can be used to detect HSO3-/SO32- in sugar, natural water samples, and living cells and localized to the mitochondria and monitor the mitochondrial HSO3-/SO32- level.

Expression Patterns of Glycosylation Regulators Define Tumor Microenvironment and Immunotherapy in Gastric Cancer.

Glycosylation (Glyc) is prevalently related to gastric cancer (GC) pathophysiology. However, studies on the relationship between glycosylation regulators and tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunotherapy of GC remain scarce. We extracted expression data of 1,956 patients with GC from eight cohorts and systematically characterized the glycosylation patterns of six marker genes into phenotype clusters using the unsupervised clustering method. Next, we constructed a Glyc. score to quantify the glycosylation index of each patient with GC. Finally, we analyzed the relationship between Glyc. score and clinical traits including molecular subtype, TME, and immunotherapy of GC. On the basis of prognostic glycosylation-related differentially expressed genes, we constructed the Glyc. score and divided the samples into the high- and low-Glyc. score groups. The high-Glyc. score group showed a poor prognosis and was validated in multiple cohorts. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the high-Glyc. score group was enriched in metabolism-related pathways. Furthermore, the high-Glyc. score group was associated with the infiltration of immune cells. Importantly, the established Glyc. score would contribute to predicting the response to anti-PD-1/L1 immunotherapy. In conclusion, the Glyc. score is a potentially useful tool to predict the prognosis of GC. Comprehensive analysis of glycosylation may provide novel insights into the epigenetics of GC and improve treatment strategies.

A highly sensitive ratiometric fluorescent sensor for copper ions and cadmium ions in scallops based on nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots cooperating with gold nanoclusters.

Based on the electrostatic interaction, we constructed a ratiometric fluorescence nanomixture of graphene quantum dots-gold nanoclusters (GQDs-AuNCs) for the quantitative detection of Cu2+ and Cd2+. When Cu2+ or Cd2+ was added into the reaction system, the fluorescence of GSH-AuNCs at 565 nm can be quenched by Cu2+ and enhanced by Cd2+ while the intensity of N-GQDs at 403 nm stayed constant. Under the optimized conditions, the fluorescence intensity ratio (I565/I403) of the GQDs-AuNCs system was proportional to the concentration of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in the range of 8×10-8 mol/L-6×10-6 mol/L and 1×10-6 mol/L-4×10-5 mol/L, respectively, with detection limits of 4.12×10-9 mol/L and 9.43×10-7 mol/L, respectively. In the presence of Cu2+ and Cd2+, the paper-based vision sensor would produce visible fluorescent color changes, which can be used for rapid detection on site. The method has been successfully applied to the determination of Cu2+ and Cd2+ in scallops with satisfactory results.

A Novel H2O2 Generator for Tumor Chemotherapy-Enhanced CO Gas Therapy.

Carbon monoxide (CO) gas therapy is a promising cancer treatment. However, gas delivery to the tumor site remains problematic. Proper tunable control of CO release in tumors is crucial to increasing the efficiency of CO treatment and reducing the risk of CO poisoning. To overcome such challenges, we designed ZCM, a novel stable nanotechnology delivery system comprising manganese carbonyl (MnCO) combined with anticancer drug camptothecin (CPT) loaded onto a zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8). After intravenous injection, ZCM gradually accumulates in cancerous tissues, decomposing in the acidic tumor microenvironment, releasing CPT and MnCO. CPT acts as a chemotherapy agent destroying tumors and producing copious H2O2. MnCO can react with the H2O2 to generate CO, powerfully damaging the tumor. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that the ZCM system is both safe and has excellent tumor inhibition properties. ZCM is a novel system for CO controlled release, with significant potential to improve future cancer therapy.

A fluorescent and colorimetric dual-recognition probe based on copper(II)-decorated carbon dots for detection of phosphate.

In the present article, we report a novel fluorescent and colorimetric dual-signal sensing probe based on a CD-Cu2+ complex for the detection of the phosphate ion (Pi). The yellow fluorescent carbon quantum dots (CDs) were simply synthesized via one-step hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine (OPD) and 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The method was based on the combination of the CDs and Cu2+ to form a coordination complex. Pi can capture Cu2+ on the surface of CDs, which brings about two kinds of signal change through competitive complexation, including fluorescence and UV-vis absorption. The probe could detect the Pi with a linear range of 0.01-1 mM with a detection limit of 3.75 µM for the fluorescence signal and a linear range of 0.01-1 mM with a detection limit of 4.38 µM for the colorimetric signal. And the change in absorption signal can be used to visually detect Pi. Furthermore, the proposed sensing system was successfully applied to determine Pi in practical water samples.

Mitochondria-Targeted Red-Emission Fluorescent Probe for Ultrafast Detection of H2S in Food and Its Bioimaging Application.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) contributes to human health and prolongs the storage time of postharvest fruits and vegetables. At the same time, H2S can cause a negative impact on some foodstuffs and beverages, so an efficient probe to detect H2S is needed. Herein, a fluorescent turn-on responding probe SPy-DNs for H2S detection has been designed and synthesized. SPy-DNs exhibited a red emission (608 nm), large Stokes shift (111 nm), and a detection limit of a nanomolar level (356 nM) in a dimethylformamide/phosphate-buffered saline (DMF/PBS) (1:1, v/v, 10 mM, pH 7.4) solution. SPy-DNs can detect H2S with ultrafast response within 4 s, which is faster than the response of other reported probes. In addition, the applicability of SPy-DNs to detect H2S has been determined in the actual water samples, targeted mitochondria, and imaged H2S in living cells. Moreover, SPy-DNs was successfully used as a tool to judge H2S levels in beer, which indicates that SPy-DNs possesses the advantage of rapid detection of H2S in foodstuffs.