Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 -1171 5A/6A Polymorphism (rs35068180) is Associated with Risk of Periodontitis.

Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) plays a key role in tissue degradation in periodontitis. The relationship between the MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism (rs35068180) and periodontitis has been widely studied. However, existing studies have yielded contradictory results. We therefore conducted a meta-analysis to comprehensively investigate these inconclusive findings. Several electronic databases were searched for eligible articles. Seven case-control studies from 6 articles were searched without any language restrictions. Pooled estimates indicated that MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism is associated with a decreased risk of periodontitis (allelic genetic model: OR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.62-0.80, P(heterogeneity) = 0.315; heterozygous model: OR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.39-0.65, P(heterogeneity) = 0.221; homozygous model: OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.25-0.69, P(heterogeneity) = 0.265; dominant model: OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.38-0.62, P(heterogeneity) = 0.238, respectively). Similar results were also found in chronic periodontitis (CP), Asian, Asian&CP, and non-smokers subgroups. Moreover, MMP3 rs35068180 polymorphism might be associated with a lower risk of aggressive periodontitis (AgP) in Asians (allelic genetic model: OR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.48-0.91, P(heterogeneity) = 0.945), and CP in Caucasians and Brazilians. In conclusion, this meta-analysis demonstrates that MMP3 -1171 5A/6A polymorphism may be associated with decreased risk of both CP and AgP in Asians. Large independent studies to replicate these results are necessary to validate these associations in other populations.

[Histological changes after the recontruction of tongue defect with rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the cellular morphological and histological changes of the reconstructed tongue defect by rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap of dogs with or without nerve. METHODS: 12 Beagle dogs were randomly divided into two groups. Group A made rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap with the intercostal nerve while group B without the intercostal nerve. Nerve anastomosis was performed in Group A while not in Group B in the repairment. 12 weeks later, the length, width, surface area and cellular morphology and histological changes of the two transfer flaps were observed. RESULTS: The length, width, surface area of transplanted rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flaps in group A were greater than those in Group B, and the differences were statistically significant at 12th week (P < 0.01). The microscope study found that the transplanted rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flaps of group A had part of muscle fiber atrophy with some connective and adipose tissue, loose muscle fiber arrangement, while the transplanted rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flaps of Group B had muscle cells atrophy with some adipocyte. The structure of muscle cells in Group A was basically normal, but it was disorder in Group B. The type II muscle fibers of Group B was atrophy and substituted by a lot of connective tissue. CONCLUSION: After tongue defect reconstructed by rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap with nerve, the changes of muscle fibers could be similar to tongue muscles, providing a basis for the dynamic recovery of the tongue.

N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed highly diastereo- and enantioselective oxo-Diels-Alder reactions for synthesis of fused pyrano[2,3-b]indoles.

A chiral N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Diels-Alder reaction of 2-oxoindolin-3-ylidenes and α-chloroaldehydes was developed for the synthesis of fused pyrano[2,3-b]indoles in good to excellent yields (up to 99%) with high cis-diastereoselectivities (>99:1 dr) and enantioselectivities (up to >99% ee).

[Expression of tumor necrosis factor in placenta tissue of pregnant rats with chronic peridontitis].

OBJECTIVE: To examine the expression of tumor necrosis factor in placenta of pregnant rats with chronic periodontitis. METHODS: Twenty Wistar female rats were randomly divided into two groups, control (n = 8) and experimental group (n = 12). The periodontitis model was established in the experimental group. The females and males in the two groups got together four weeks later. Nineteen days after pregnancy all rats were executed and placenta collected. The delivery time and neonatal birth weight were recorded and the pathological changes of periodontal tissue observed. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) expression was examined in placenta by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis. RESULTS: The animal model of chronic periodontitis was successfully established. Experimental group delivered 30 offspring and the control group 56 offspring. The average number of pups born alive per litter in experimental group (4.1 ± 2.2) was significantly lower than that in control group (9.2 ± 2.2), P < 0.05. The birth weight of pups in experimental group [(5.01 ± 0.43) g] was significantly lower than that in the control group [(5.79 ± 0.53) g], P < 0.05. The relative quantitative expression of TNF was (1.807 ± 0.265) in experimental group the and (1.003 ± 0.021) in the control group (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic periodontitis may be related to preterm low birth weight.

[Establishment and analysis of chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis model in Wistar rat].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible correlation between atherosclerosis and chronic periodontitis by establishing an animal model of chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis in Wistar rat. METHODS: Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: A (control group), B (chronic periodontitis group), C (atherosclerosis group), D (chronic periodontitis accompany with atherosclerosis group). Every group was accepted the corresponding treatment. Animals were sacrificed after 12 weeks. The periodontal index, levels of serum total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the concentration of TNF-alpha and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-3) were examined. The severity of chronic periodontitis and atherosclerosis was quantified by histopathology. The date were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: Through detection of periodontal tissue of experimental teeth, serum and histopathology, animal models were successful. Histopathologic observation revealed:obvious inflammation of periodontal tissue was observed in group B and D. Attachment loss level in group B [(137.86 +/- 28.39) microm] and D [(162.36 +/- 22.69) microm] was higher than that in group A [(4.26 +/- 1.07) microm] and C [(68.07 +/- 18.25) microm] (P < 0.05), and that in group C was higher than group A (P < 0.05). Atherosclerotic lesions of abdominal aorta were formed in group C and D. The level of TC, LDL in group C and D was higher than that in group A and B (P < 0.05), and that in group D was higher than group C (P < 0.05). Animals in group B and D showed higher level of TNF-alpha, MMP-3 in serum than that in group A and C (P < 0.05). There was no correlation between the level of MMP-3 and TC (P = 0.971) or LDL (P = 0.604). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic periodontitis may be a risk factor and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. MMP-3 may be an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis exclude TC and LDL.

[The correlation between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype and coronary heart disease in patients with chronic periodontitis].

PURPOSE: To investigate the correlation between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) genotype and chronic periodontitis in patients with coronary heart disease. METHODS: Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs in 86 patients with coronary heart disease,of which 45 patients with chronic periodontitis, the other without chronic periodontitis. Genotypes of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR were analyzed by SSP-PCR method. Then the differences in distribution of each genotype were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software package. RESULTS: A significant over-representation of IL-1 RN intron 2 VNTR allele 2 was found in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic periodontitis group (chi(2)=4.960,P=0.026). CONCLUSION: IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele 2 may be a risk indicator for the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in patients with coronary heart disease.

[Detection of periodontal pathogenic bacteria DNA in coronary atheromatous plaques from patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to observe the coexistence of periodontal bacteria DNA (Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella. forsythensis) in coronary atheromatous plaques and subgingival plaques in patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft. METHODS: Coronary atheromatous plaque and subgingival plaque samples were obtained from 51 patients and examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique with specific primers for periodontal bacteria. RESULTS: P. gingivalis (33%), T. forsythensis (31%), P. intermedia (18%) and F. nucleatum (12%) were detected while A. actinomycetemcomitans was negative and not found in coronary atheromatous plaques; T. forsythensis (84%), F. nucleatum (78%), P. intermedia (59%), P. gingivalis (39%) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (22%) were detected in subgingival plaque samples. Coexistence of periodontal bacteria DNA in coronary atheromatous and subgingival plaque samples was evidenced in 32 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of T. forsythensis, F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, P. gingivalis in coronary atheromatous plaques and the subgingival plaque samples in CAD patients could suggest a potential role for periodontal pathogenic bacteria in atherosclerosis disease process.

[Detection of periodontal pathogens in coronary atherosclerotic plaques].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the possible correlation between coronary heart disease and periodontitis. METHODS: Subgingival plaque samples and coronary atherosclerotic plaques were harvested from a total of 31 patients with periodontitis who scheduled for coronary artery bypass surgery. The bacteria DNA was obtained from subgingival plaque samples and coronary atherosclerotic plaques using the chelex-100 method. The extracted DNA was examined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. RESULTS: In coronary atherosclerotic plaques samples from the 31 patients, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg, 38.7%), Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa, 0%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn, 22.6%), Prevotella intermedia (Pi, 12.9%), Bacteroides forsythus (Bf, 38.7%) were detected. The concordant presence of the same periodontal bacteria DNA in subgingival plaques and in coronary atherosclerotic plaques in the same patient was Pg 5 (16.1%), Aa 0 (0%), Pi 2 (6.5%), Fn 4 (12.9%) and Bf 8 (25.8%). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of periodontal bacteria DNA in coronary atherosclerotic plaques could indicate that periodontal pathogenic bacteria may play a role in the coronary heart disease process.

[Effects of xipayi mouth rinse on the DNA synthesis and change of cell cycles of human gingival fibroblast induced by lipopolysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of xipayi mouth rinse on the DNA synthesis and change of cell cycles of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). METHODS: HGF was stimulated with LPS at 25 mg/L. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effect of xipayi mouth rinse at 25 mg/L on the DNA synthesis and change of HGF cell cycles. RESULTS: The percentage of HGF in G( 1) phase increased after the cells were induced by LPS, while the percentage of HGF in S phase decreased. Xipayi mouth rinse could ameliorate this phenomenon. CONCLUSION: Xipayi mouth rinse can significantly ameliorate the inhibitory effect of LPS on the proliferation of HGF, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of xipayi mouth rinse in the treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases.

[Inhibitory effect of xipayi mouth rinse on the secretion of IL-6 from human gingival fibroblast induced by lipopolysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of xipayi mouth rinse of different concentrations on the activities of interleukin-6 (IL-6) from human gingival fibroblast (HGF) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). METHODS: HGF was stimulated with LPS at 25 g/mL, and the radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to examine the effect of xipayi mouth rinse at 12.5 approximately 200 g/mL on the secretion of IL-6 in the supernatant of the cell culture. RESULTS: IL-6 secreted by human gingival fibroblast was significantly inhibited by xipayi mouth rinse in a dose dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Xipayi mouth rinse can inhibit the secretion of IL-6 from HGF induced by LPS, suggesting the anti-inflammatory effect of xipayi mouth rinse to treat and prevent periodontal diseases.

[Study on the correlation between coronary heart disease and chronic periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between angiographically-defined coronary heart disease (CHD) and chronic periodontitis (CP). METHODS: 277 cases with CHD (case group) and another 238 with no agiographic evidence of CHD (control group) were compared on their traditional cardiovascular risk factors, as: oral health status and probing depth, clinical attachment level, gingival recession, as well as number of missing teeth. Other related risk factors of CHD were included in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Data from univariate analysis showed that there was significant difference in CP, plasma triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fast glucose, white blood count, hypertension and smoking between patients with CHD and those with out CHD (P < 0.01 - 0.001). Multiple factorial logistic regression analysis showed that CP, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, HDL-C were strongly correlated with the incidence of CHD. Significant dosage-effective response was also found in the relationship between CP and CHD (P < 0.001). Further studies also suggested that the severity of CP paralleled the severity of CHD. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that CP might serve as an independent risk factor of CHD and significantly enhance the risk and severity of CHD. Our study suggested that the elimination of probable risk factors in oral cavity was indispensable during the process of the prevention of CHD in order to prevent acute coronary events.

[The correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B and the severity of coronary heart disease].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between polymorphism at position -511C/T in the promoter region of interleukin 1B (IL1B) and the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied to analyze the polymorphisms of IL1B -511C/T in 127 patients with CHD and 152 controls. And the serum level of lipoproteins was detected by enzymology method. RESULTS: The distribution of IL1B -511C/T polymorphism between acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients and controls was significantly different (chi-square test=5.72, P<0.01). CT and TT genotype carriers were in increased risk of ACS with more double ratio to CC genotype (OR=2.56, 95%CI=1.17-5.59). In CHD group, total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels of patients with CT and TT genotypes (6.09+/-0.97 mmol/L and 3.97+/-0.92 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those of patients with CC genotype (5.12+/-0.56 mmol/L and 2.87+/-0.71 mmol/L, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The polymorphism at position -511C/T in IL1B is associated with the severity of CHD, and the DNA variation at this position may affect the secretion of IL1B, and aggravate the reaction of inflammation and dyslipoidemia.

[The association between gingival cervicular fluid Interleukin-6 level, serum estradiol status and periodontitis in Uyghur postmenopausal women].

PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to analyze by cross-sectional design the association between GCF IL-6 level, serum E2 level and common clinical measurements of periodontitis in Uyghur postmenopausal women. METHODS: 79 subjects within 5 years after menopause were enrolled in the study. 30 GCF samples were harvested from healthy sites, 49 GCF samples from chronic periodontitis sites. Clinical measurements of each tooth were recorded after obtaining GCF samples. GCF IL-6 and serum E2 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA). RESULTS: The mean concentration of GCF IL-6 from healthy sites was (1088.10+/-102.33)pg/ml.The mean concentration of IL-6 from chronic periodontitis sites was significantly higher than that of healthy sites (P<0.005). Positive correlation was found between GCF IL-6 level and clinical measurements (GI, PPD and CAL) (r=0.564, P<0.005; r=0.335, P<0.05; r=0.324, P<0.05). Clinical measurements and GCF IL-6 levels of chronic periodontitis subjects were not different between E2-deficient and E2-sufficient subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that there is lower IL-6 level in GCF from healthy sites; the increasing production of IL-6 may be associated with the initiation and progress of periodontitis. IL-6 may be a valuable indicator of the severity of periodontitis; E2 level is not associated with clinical measurements and GCF IL-6 level of chronic periodontitis of Uyghuy woman in early menopause.

[The association between interleukin-1 receptor antagonist genotype and chronic periodontitis of Uighur patients].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) genotype and its association with the susceptibility of chronic periodontitis in Uighur patients of Xinjiang. METHODS: Genomic DNA was obtained from buccal swabs of 41 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis (CP), 43 subjects with moderate CP, 49 subjects with mild CP and 92 ethnically matched healthy control individuals. Genotypes of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR was analyzed by SSP-PCR method. Then compared the differences in distribution of each genotype. RESULTS: A significant over-representation of IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele 2 was found in severe chronic periodontitis group. CONCLUSION: IL-1RN intron 2 VNTR allele 2 may be a risk indicator for the susceptibility of severe chronic periodontitis in Uighur patients of Xinjiang.