A review on the industrial solid waste application in pelletizing additives: Composition, mechanism and process characteristics.

Reducing the cost of pellet additives as a substitute for reducing bentonite binder is an important research direction of new pellet additives. There are some industrial solid wastes that have the similar physical and chemical properties to bentonite, and SiO2 content of them may be much lower than bentonite, but also contains a lot of Fe2O3, Al2O3, MgO, B2O3 and other components beneficial to the quality of pellets, which have been paid more attention by many pellet workers. In this review, the effect mechanism of Fe2O3, Na2O/K2O, Al2O3, SiO2, CaO, MgO and B2O3 in the industrial solid wastes on the fired strength and reduction expansion of pellets were systematically summarized. At the same time, the influences of five representative large scale modified industrial solid waste additives including iron tailings, bauxite tailings, fly ash, red mud and boron sludge on the properties of green pellets and finished pellets were described in detail. It can be seen that the applications of industrial solid waste in pellet additives can partially or completely replace bentonite binder, especially fly ash, red mud and boron sludge, which can not only improve the quality of pellets, but also decrease the cost, save energy and reduce pollution, with significant economic benefits.

[New progress in noninvasive method of blood glucose measurement using FT-mid-IR spectroscopy].

The blood glucose concentrations of volunteers from diabetes patients and healthy adults (all patients and volunteers who joined this experiment gave their consents) were measured by using a modified WQF-200 FTIR spectrometer with a newly designed ATR accessory from the Beijing Rayleigh Analytical Instrument Corp. The determination basis for this technique from the physiological point of view is also discussed based on the experimental results, which indicated that the glucose measured by the FT-Mid-IR ATR instrument is from the secretions on the skin and glucose components within the body. The secreted glucose components will increase with the time increasing. The authors' previous study demonstrated 1 120 cm(-1) band as an index to characterize the blood glucose. During the experiments, the authors used the band of 1 455 cm(-1) as internal standard because of its stability, and because the relative intensity of I1 120/I1 455 band possesses the higher sensitivity. Meanwhile, from the spectra, the relative intensity of I1 120/I1 455 band of the glucose in both sources exhibits a linear relationship with blood glucose concentration within the body. The dried blood has the similar spectra as fingers'. The fingers' spectra will exhibit higher sensitivity if the time of measurement is longer after washing hand, and the results showed that when measured 10 minutes after washing hand, the sensitivity will be higher than that when measured 4 minutes after washing hand. All the results can be used in promoting a convenient, rapid and noninvasive way to monitor the continuous variation of blood glucose concentration of diabetes patients in real time.

[Application of fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to non-invasive detection of pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland in vivo].

In the present work, 20 patients with salivary pleomorphic adenoma were recruited for FTIR spectroscopic measurement. These obtained FTIR spectra were analyzed and compared. It was found that there were significant differences in the spectral features of the skin covering normal salivary gland, pleomorphic adenoma, and carcinoma change of pleomorphic adenoma, such as the changes in peak position, band shape and relative intensity of the bands in the ranges of 1000-1800 cm(-1) and 2800-3000 cm(-1). Pathological diagnosis demonstrated that 2 of the 20 patients suffered actually carcinoma change of pleomorphic adenoma, which is in good agreement with the result of FTIR spectroscopicmeasurement. FTIR spectroscopic m ethodsuggested that pleomorphic adenoma is the intermediate between normal salivary gland and carcinoma change of pleomorphic adenoma.

[Structural characteristics of infrared spectra for polyaluminum chloride in enhanced reactions of modification].

As an important preparation method of Inorganic Polymer Flocculants (IPFs) with all-round performance, the use of enhanced reactions of modification for Polyaluminum Chlorides (PAC) is a trend of application. In this paper, auctorial-made multicore oligomers as a complexing agent, polysilicate as a crosslinking agent and polyacrylamide as a compounding agent are respectively used to enhance PAC and prepared three kinds of IPFs, named CO-PAC, CR-PAC and PAM-PAC. The Fourier Transform Infrared spectra (FTIR) of the three flocculants show that there have been found new chemical bonds beyond Al-OH in their structures, and each characteristic band of primary group in PAC has a band shift to a lower frequency due to its structural aberration. These evidences suggested that enhanced reactions of modification for PAC are not at all a simple process of physical mix, but a chemical reaction to form other structural characteristics of inorganic polymers. The excellent coagulation behavior of these new flocculants depends mainly on the chemical actions, but there are a little physical effects between the modifiers and PAC.