Telemedicine network latency management system in 5G telesurgery: a feasibility and effectiveness study.

BACKGROUND: Network latency is the most important factor affecting the performance of telemedicine. The aim of the study is to assess the feasibility and efficacy of a novel network latency management system in 5G telesurgery. METHODS: We conducted 20 telesurgery simulation trials (hitching rings to columns) and 15 remote adrenalectomy procedures in the 5G network environment. Telemedicine Network Latency Management System and the traditional "Ping command" method (gold standard) were used to monitor network latency during preoperative simulated telesurgery and formal telesurgery. We observed the working status of the Telemedicine Network Latency Management System and calculated the difference between the network latency data and packet loss rate detected by the two methods. In addition, due to the lower latency of the 5G network, we tested the alert function of the system using the 4G network with relatively high network latency. RESULTS: The Telemedicine Network Latency Management System showed no instability during telesurgery simulation trials and formal telesurgery. After 20 telesurgery simulation trials and 15 remote adrenalectomy procedures, the p-value for the difference between the network latency data monitored by the Telemedicine Network Latency Management System and the "Ping command" method was greater than 0.05 in each case. Meanwhile, the surgeons reported that the Telemedicine Network Latency Management System had a friendly interface and was easy to operate. Besides, when the network latency exceeded a set threshold, a rapid alarm sounded in the system. CONCLUSION: The Telemedicine Network Latency Management System was simple and easy to operate, and it was feasible and effective to use it to monitor network latency in telesurgery. The system had an intuitive and concise interface, and its alarm function increased the safety of telesurgery. The system's own multidimensional working ability and information storage capacity will be more suitable for telemedicine work.

Quadruple fenestration aortic stent implantation combined with unilateral IBE and internal iliac artery stent implantation for complex abdominal aortic aneurysm: one case report.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm is a frequently encountered clinical condition, which necessitates prompt and effective remediation to avoid rupture. Surgeons must meticulously select an appropriate method of repair and assess the long-term surgical prognosis when dealing with patients with complex abdominal aortic aneurysms. In this case report, a 74-year-old man was hospitalized due to acute abdominal pain. Upon further examination, it was discovered that he was suffering from a complex abdominal aortic aneurysm. The thoracoabdominal aorta CTA showed that the aneurysm involved both renal arteries, the part below the kidney was severely twisted, the neck of the aneurysm was short, and it was accompanied by bilateral common iliac and internal iliac aneurysms, and there were considerable thrombus attached to the vessel wall. In this case, our team used 3D technology to simulate the spatial structure of the aneurysm and comprehensively evaluate the patient's condition. Ultimately, we decided to perform a quadruple fenestration aortic stent implantation and endovascular repair of aortic aneurysm, combined with right IBE and internal iliac artery stent implantation, right internal iliac artery reconstruction, and left internal iliac artery aneurysm embolization on this patient. This is an innovative surgical method. The operation was successful and the patient recovered well after the operation.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio trend: A novel prognostic predictor in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), reflecting immune-inflammation status, shows great potential for tumor progression and outcome. Pre-treatment NLR does not fully reflect the immune-inflammatory response to treatment. This study aimed to introduce the NLR trend as a new indicator and to investigate its prognostic value in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy. The NLR trend value was calculated from the fitted line gradient via the NLRs before, during (at least once), and after each patient's first radiotherapy. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were used to calculate and compare survival outcomes of different pretreatment NLRs and NLR trends for progression-free survival, locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and overall survival at 3 and 5 years. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to assess the association between the NLR trend plus 3- and 5-year overall survival. RESULTS: The study included 528 patients. A lower NLR trend predicted worse progression-free survival, LRFS, plus 3- and 5-year overall survival. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the NLR trend independently predicted 3- and 5-year overall survival. Sub-group analysis showed that the prognosis of patients with a low pretreatment NLR and a high NLR trend were superior to those of other groups. CONCLUSION: The NLR trend independently predicted the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma receiving radiotherapy. The NLR trend and the pretreatment NLR combination is more precise than pretreatment NLR in predicting prognosis. A high NLR trend may be evidence of a positive immune response to radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Bronchial epithelial cell extracellular vesicles ameliorate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in COPD pathogenesis by alleviating M2 macrophage polarization.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is partly characterized as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related airflow limitation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play crucial roles in the crosstalk between cells, affecting many diseases including COPD. Up to now, the roles of EVs in COPD are still debated. As we found in this investigation, COPD patients have higher miR-21 level in total serum EVs. EMT occurs in lungs of COPD mice. Furthermore, bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) could generate EVs with less miR-21 when treated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE), impacting less on the M2-directed macrophage polarization than the control-EVs (PBS-treated) according to EVs miR-21 level. Furthermore, the EMT processes in BEAS-2B cells were enhanced with the M2 macrophages proportion when co-cultured. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CSE-treated BEAS-2B cells could alleviate M2 macrophages polarization by modulated EVs, and eventually relieve the EMT process of BEAS-2B cells themselves under COPD pathogenesis, revealing a novel compensatory role of them in COPD.