An Updated Review of Emerging Sources of Selenium in Weaned Piglet Nutrition.

The antioxidant and immune systems of weaned piglets are not fully mature and are also subjected to serious stress challenges related to oxidative stress and inflammation. Selenium (Se) is an essential element for pigs, with documented roles encompassing antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties via selenoproteins. Sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast are commonly acknowledged as conventional sources of Se for piglets. In the past decade, several novel Se sources have emerged in the field of weaned piglet nutrition. In this review, we will initially outline the historical timeline of Se sources as reported in weaned piglet nutrition. Afterwards, our attention will turn towards the nutritional regulation of Se sources in relation to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory aspects of healthy weaned piglets. Ultimately, we will provide a detailed review highlighting the potential of emerging Se sources in alleviating various adverse effects of stress challenges faced by weaned piglets. These challenges include oxidative stress, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection, lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation, heat stress, and exposure to feed mycotoxins. The output of this review will emphasize the fundamental importance of incorporating emerging Se sources in the diet of weaned piglets.

Rare capecitabine-induced acute hypertriglyceridemia with angina: a case report and review of the literature.

Capecitabine (CAP) is widely used to treat gastrointestinal and breast cancer, and is generally well tolerated. Hand-foot syndrome and gastrointestinal intolerance are the most common adverse effects. Capecitabine-induced hypertriglyceridemia (CIHT) is a very rare adverse effect and, from the reported literatures, is often neglected in clinical practice. Here, we report a case of CIHT with angina. A 58-year-old man with metastatic rectal cancer was admitted to the emergency room (ER) due to severe chest pain after treatment with CAP (Xeloda). The blood sample showed separation of blood and lipids, and the lipid profile revealed rapidly increased triglyceride and cholesterol levels. After fenofibrate therapy was administered, the patient's symptoms were relieved, and the repeat lipid test was normalized. Other causes of hyperlipidemia were carefully excluded, considering that the severe adverse effects of CAP had since abated. The earliest onset of the incidence as far as we know, the symptom of angina at the same time with CIHT, and distinct blood-lipid layer in blood sample all suggest the rarity of this case. We also concluded reports of CIHT and found that CIHT accidence was higher than our known. We genuinely hope that this case could awaken clinicians' awareness of the use of CAP.

Case Report: Immune and Genomic Characteristics Associated With Hyperprogression in a Patient With Metastatic Deficient Mismatch Repair Gastrointestinal Cancer Treated With Anti-PD-1 Antibody.

Microsatellite instability-high/deficient mismatch repair (MSI-H/dMMR) status of tumors is a distinct predictive biomarker of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for colorectal and non-colorectal cancer populations. The overall response rate (ORR) varies from approximately 40% to 60%, indicating that nearly half of MSI-H tumors do not respond to ICIs. The mechanism of response heterogeneity in MSI-H/dMMR cancers is unclear. Some patients who have been treated with ICIs have developed a novel pattern of progression called hyperprogression, which is defined as unexpected accelerated tumor growth. No case of MSI-H/dMMR immunotherapy-associated hyperprogression has been reported in the literature. Here, we present the case of a patient with dMMR gastrointestinal cancer who suffered hyperprogressive disease (HPD) after treatment with nivolumab. We explored the potential mechanisms of HPD by clinical, immune, and genomic characteristics. Extremely high levels of serum LDH, low TMB and TILs, and the disruption of TGFß signaling, may be related to hyperprogression.