[Predictor of clinical response to subcutaneous immunotherapy with dust mites in polysensitized allergic rhinitis patients].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 1-year subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) with dust mites in polysensitized allergic rhinitis (AR) patients and to analyze the serological markers associated with clinical response. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from 69 polysensitized AR patients who completed 1-year SCIT with dust mites from Oct 2020 to Mar 2022 in Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital was conducted. The median patient age was 21 years, including 41 males and 28 females. The changes in symptoms and serum IgE, IgG4 assessed before and after treatment were evaluated. The differences in serological markers between effective and ineffective groups were analyzed. Multivariate regression analysis was used to investigate the predictors of clinical response. SPSS 22.0 software was used for data processing. Results: After immunotherapy, there was a significant reduction in symptom scores and a substantial improvement in the quality of life of polysensitized AR patients (all P<0.001). Dust mite specific IgG4 (sIgG4) significantly increased and dust mite specific IgE (sIgE)/sIgG4 significantly decreased (all P<0.05). sIgE, total IgE (tIgE), sIgE/tIgE and sIgE/sIgG4 were significantly lower in ineffective group than those in effective group (all P<0.05). The clinical response of SCIT related only to dust mite sIgE (r=0.29, P=0.036), and sIgE≥53.86 kU/L had the best sensitivity (77.78%) and specificity (57.89%) to predict effective SCIT in polysensitized AR patients. Conclusions: One-year dust mite SCIT is effective for polysensitized AR patients. Pre-treatment serum dust mite sIgE≥53.86 kU/L may play a role in predicting clinical response of dust mite SCIT in polysensitized AR patients.

[The mechanism of S100A7 inducing the migration and invasion in cervical cancer cells].

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of S100A7 inducing the migration and invasion in cervical cancers. Methods: Tissue samples of 5 cases of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 3 cases of adenocarcinoma were collected from May 2007 to December 2007 in the Department of Gynecology of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of S100A7 in cervical carcinoma tissues. S100A7-overexpressing HeLa and C33A cells were established with lentiviral systems as the experimental group. Immunofluorescence assay was performed to observe the cell morphology. Transwell assay was taken to detect the effect of S100A7-overexpression on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to examine the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and fibronectin. The expression of extracellular S100A7 in conditioned medium of cervical cancer cell was detected by western blot. Conditioned medium was added into Transwell lower compartment to detect cell motility. Exosomes were isolated and extracted from the culture supernatant of cervical cancer cell, the expressions of S100A7, CD81 and TSG101 were detected by western blot. Transwell assay was taken to detect the effect of exosomes on the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. Results: S100A7 expression was positively expressed in cervical squamous carcinoma and negative expression in adenocarcinoma. Stable S100A7-overexpressing HeLa and C33A cells were successfully constructed. C33A cells in the experimental group were spindle shaped while those in the control group tended to be polygonal epithelioid cells. The number of S100A7-overexpressed HeLa cells passing through the Transwell membrane assay was increased significantly in migration and invasion assay (152.00±39.22 vs 105.13±15.75, P<0.05; 115.38±34.57 vs 79.50±13.68, P<0.05). RT-qPCR indicated that the mRNA expressions of E-cadherin in S100A7-overexpressed HeLa and C33A cells decreased (P<0.05) while the mRNA expressions of N-cadherin and fibronectin in HeLa cells and fibronectin in C33A cells increased (P<0.05). Western blot showed that extracellular S100A7 was detected in culture supernatant of cervical cancer cells. HeLa cells of the experimental group passing through transwell membrane in migration and invasion assays were increased significantly (192.60±24.41 vs 98.80±47.24, P<0.05; 105.40±27.38 vs 84.50±13.51, P<0.05) when the conditional medium was added into the lower compartment of Transwell. Exosomes from C33A cell culture supernatant were extracted successfully, and S100A7 expression was positive. The number of transmembrane C33A cells incubated with exosomes extracted from cells of the experimental group was increased significantly (251.00±49.82 vs 143.00±30.85, P<0.05; 524.60±52.74 vs 389.00±63.23, P<0.05). Conclusion: S100A7 may promote the migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells by epithelial-mesenchymal transition and exosome secretion.

[Effect evaluation of "Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program in China].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of "Smoking cessation: Doctor first" program on smoking medical staff. Methods: From December 2016 to September 2019, 1 747 smoking medical staff from 54 units of China Tobacco Cessation Alliance were enrolled into"Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program. Demographic characteristics, smoking characteristics, degree of tobacco dependence, willingness to quit smoking and other related factors were collected during the baseline survey. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of willingness to quit. The subjects were given intensive smoking cessation intervention from October 2017 to September 2019, including education on the hazards of smoking, methods of smoking cessation and giving smoking cessation drugs. After intervention, the subjects were investigated about their smoking cessation progress and the effect of the project was evaluated. Results: The subjects were (41±11) years old, 91.9% (1 609/1 747) were male and 62.2% (1 086/1 747) were daily smokers. The main reasons for smoking included the influence of friends [697 (39.9%)], the need for social entertainment [629 (36.0%)], the relief of mental stress [589 (33.7%)] and the refreshment [459 (26.3%)]. At baseline, 52.9% (885/1 672) and 43.2% (755/1 747) smokers had intention to quit smoking and had planned to quit within one year, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that: low education level [OR (95%CI) of high school and junior high school and below were 2.42 (1.61, 3.63) and 1.57 (1.18, 2.11)], daily smoking [OR (95%CI): 1.38 (1.06, 1.78)], thinking quitting smoking is not important [OR (95%CI): 4.15 (3.33, 5.18)] and having no quitting experience [OR (95%CI): 3.21 (2.53, 4.05)] were associated with no intention to quit smoking. After intensive smoking cessation intervention, 81.0% (1 415/1 747) smokers started to quit and 36.6% (518/1 415) quit smoking with drugs, both higher than the baseline level (all P values<0.001). By the end of the program, 60.2% (852/1 415) of the medical staff had quit smoking successfully. Conclusion: "Smoking cessation: Doctor first"program can improve the willingness to quit and the proportion of using smoking cessation drugs of medical staff.

[Study of the effects of long-term outcomes of autologous peripheral blood stem cell reinfusion in patients with decompensated cirrhosis].

Objective: Autologous peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) derived from bone marrow can promote liver regeneration and improve the liver function of patients, but there are few studies on its effect on the long-term outcomes in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Based on previous work, this study observed the clinical outcomes of PBSC treatment in patients with decompensated cirrhosis for 10 years, in order to provide more data support for the safety and efficacy of stem cells in clinical applications. Methods: Data of patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who completed PBSC treatment in the Department of Gastroenterology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University from August 2005 to February 2012 were included. The follow-up endpoint was death or liver transplantation, and patients who did not reach the follow-up endpoint were followed-up for at least 10 years. The patients with decompensated liver cirrhosis who met the conditions for PBSC treatment but did not receive PBSC treatment in our hospital during the same period were used as controls. Results: A total of 287 cases with decompensated liver cirrhosis had completed PBSC treatment, and 90 cases were lost to follow-up within 10 years after surgery. A total of 151 cases with complete survival follow-up data were included in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in baseline information such as gender, age, etiological composition and liver function score between the two groups. The 10-year survival rate was higher in PBSC than control group (37.56% vs. 26.49%, P<0.05). Cholinesterase, albumin, international normalized ratio, Child-Turcotte-Pugh score, model for end-stage liver disease score, and other indicators were gradually recovered within 3 months to 1 year after PBSC treatment, and stabilized at a more desirable level in the long-term after follow-up for up to 10 years. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of liver cancer between the two groups (25.22% vs.31.85%, P=0.267). The age of onset of hepatocellular carcinoma was later in PBSC than control group [(56.66±7.21) years vs. (52.69±8.42) years, P<0.05]. Conclusions: This long-term observational follow-up study of more than ten years confirms that PBSC treatment can bring long-term benefits to patients with decompensated cirrhosis, with good long-term safety, thus providing more data support on the safety and efficacy of stem cells for clinical applications.

CXCL12/CXCR4 Mediates Orthodontic Root Resorption via Regulating the M1/M2 Ratio.

Mechanical force-induced external root resorption is a major clinical side effect of orthodontic treatment. Recent work has revealed that M1 macrophages play a vital role in promoting orthodontic root resorption (ORR), but the mechanism of how mechanical force stimulation increases the M1/M2 macrophage ratio in periodontal tissue is poorly understood. In the current study, we showed that C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12)+ periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4)+ monocytes in the periodontal ligament (PDL) were significantly increased after force application with ongoing root resorption, and these effects were partially rescued after force removal in mice. The expression of CXCL12 in PDLCs was increased by force stimulation in a time- and intensity-dependent manner in vitro. Blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis using CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 was sufficient to alleviate ORR and reverse the force-enhanced M1/M2 macrophage ratio. Further mechanism exploration showed that Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes homed in a CXCL12/CXCR4 axis-dependent manner. The number and proportion of CD11b+ Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes in cervical lymph nodes were significantly increased by force loading, accompanied by decreased CD11b+ Ly6Chi monocytes in the blood. These changes were blunted by intraperitoneal injection of AMD3100. In addition, blockage of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis effectively reversed M2 suppression and promoted M1 polarization. Collectively, results indicate that force-induced CXCL12/CXCR4 axis mediates ORR by increasing the M1/M2 ratio in periodontal tissues through attracting Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes and modulating macrophage polarization. The results also imply that AMD3100 is potentially inhibitory to root resorption.

Benchmark Experiment to Prove the Role of Projectile Excited States Upon the Ion Stopping in Plasmas.

We report on a precision energy loss measurement and theoretical investigation of 100 keV/u helium ions in a hydrogen-discharge plasma. Collision processes of helium ions with protons, free electrons, and hydrogen atoms are ideally suited for benchmarking plasma stopping-power models. Energy loss results of our experiments are significantly higher than the predictions of traditional effective charge models. We obtained good agreement with our data by solving rate equations, where in addition to the ground state, also excited electronic configurations were considered for the projectile ions. Hence, we demonstrate that excited projectile states, resulting from collisions, leading to capture-, ionization-, and radiative-decay processes, play an important role in the stopping process in plasma.

Efficacy of supplemented Er-xian decoction combined with acupoint application for poor ovarian response.

This study aims to observe the efficacy of supplemented Er-xian decoction combined with acupoint application in treating poor ovarian response (POR). This study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 80 patients, who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2016 to December 2017, were divided into two groups by tables of random numbers: experimental group (n = 40), and control group (n = 40). In the experimental group, patients orally received supplemented Er-xian decoction with acupoint application. In the control group, a Kuntai capsule was administered according to the course of treatment. The therapeutic effects in the two groups were observed and compared. In the experimental group, the total effective rate was 90%, the cure rate was 15% (six patients), the markedly effective rate was 35% (14 patients), the effective rate was 40% (16 patients), and the ineffective rate was 10% (four patients). In the control group, the total effective rate was 50%, the cure rate was 5% (two patients), the markedly effective rate was 15% (six patients), the effective rate was 30% (12 patients), and the ineffective rate was 50% (20 patients). The differences were statistically significant (P > 0.05). Definite efficacy was observed when a poor ovarian response was treated by supplemented Er-xian decoction combined with acupoint application. Improvements in perimenopausal symptoms, menstruation conditions, hormone levels, inhibin B (INHB), and antral follicle count (AFC) were markedly better in the experimental group than in the control group. In addition, the treatment was safe and had few side effects.

[Application of convolutional neural network to risk evaluation of positive circumferential resection margin of rectal cancer by magnetic resonance imaging].

Objective: To explore the feasibility of using faster regional convolutional neural network (Faster R-CNN) to evaluate the status of circumferential resection margin (CRM) of rectal cancer in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR-1800017410). Case inclusion criteria: (1) the positive area of CRM was located between the plane of the levator ani, anal canal and peritoneal reflection; (2) rectal malignancy was confirmed by electronic colonoscopy and histopathological examination; (3) positive CRM was confirmed by postoperative pathology or preoperative high-resolution MRI. Exclusion criteria: patients after neoadjuvant therapy, recurrent cancer after surgery, poor quality images, giant tumor with extensive necrosis and tissue degeneration, and rectal tissue construction changes in previous pelvic surgery. According to the above criteria, MRI plain scan images of 350 patients with rectal cancer and positive CRM in The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from July 2016 to June 2019 were collected. The patients were classified by gender and tumor position, and randomly assigned to the training group (300 cases) and the validation group (50 cases) at a ratio of 6:1 by computer random number method. The CRM positive region was identified on the T2WI image using the LabelImg software. The identified training group images were used to iteratively train and optimize parameters of the Faster R-CNN model until the network converged to obtain the best deep learning model. The test set data were used to evaluate the recognition performance of the artificial intelligence platform. The selected indicators included accuracy, sensitivity, positive predictive value, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, areas under the ROC curves (AUC), and the time taken to identify a single image. Results: The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the CRM status determined by the trained Faster R-CNN artificial intelligence approach were 0.884, 0.857, 0.898, 0.807, and 0.926, respectively; the AUC was 0.934 (95% CI: 91.3% to 95.4%). The Faster R-CNN model's automatic recognition time for a single image was 0.2 s. Conclusion: The artificial intelligence model based on Faster R-CNN for the identification and segmentation of CRM-positive MRI images of rectal cancer is established, which can complete the risk assessment of CRM-positive areas caused by in-situ tumor invasion and has the application value of preliminary screening.

MicroRNA-506-3p inhibits proliferation and promotes apoptosis in ovarian cancer cell via targeting SIRT1/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common tumors in females. Growing evidence shows that microRNA-506-3p (miR-506-3p) is downregulated in OC tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of miR-506-3p in modulating OC. Quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) was employed to investigate the expression of miR-506-3p and its target in OC tissues or cell lines. CCK-8 or colony formation assay was used to examine cell viability or proliferation, respectively. Flow cytometry was demonstrated to detect cell apoptosis. Western blot was then applied to analyze underlying mechanisms. The potential target of miR-506-3p was examined via luciferase reporter assay. MiR-506-3p was significantly downregulated in both human OC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-506-3p not only decreased cell viability of OC cell lines but also promoted cell apoptosis, thus inhibiting OC progression. Moreover, SIRT1 (Sirtuin 1) was found to be a direct target of miR-506-3p, and SIRT1 expression was negatively regulated by miR-506-3p in OC cell lines. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of SIRT1 could promote cell viability as well as inhibit cell apoptosis, showing the reversed effect on OC progression compared to miR-506-3p. Lastly, AKT (Protein kinase B) /FOXO3a (Forkhead box O3) signaling pathway was inactivated by miR-506-3p while activated by SIRT1, relating to regulation of miR-506-3p on OC progression. Our results revealed a novel mechanism by which miR-506-3p inhibited proliferation while promoted apoptosis of OC via inactivation of SIRT1/AKT/FOXO3a signaling pathway, suggesting that miR-506-3p might be a potential target for OC.

CDK5 Regulates PD-L1 Expression and Cell Maturation in Dendritic Cells of CRSwNP.

The maturation of dendritic cells is critical for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs), especially eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (EosCRSwNPs), but the regulation mechanism of dendritic cells (DCs) maturation is still unclear. We identified nasal mucosa of 20 patients with EosCRSwNP, 16 non-EosCRSwNP patients, and inferior turbinate of 14 patients with nasal septum deviation after surgery. The expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) and programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) were detected by immunofluorescent, real-time quantitative PCR, and Western blot in EosCRSwNP. The level of dendritic cell maturation was detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining after CDK5 expression interference with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The expression of CDK5 and PD-L1 in EosCRSwNP nasal mucosal tissue was significantly higher than that of non-EosCRSwNP and inferior turbinate nasal mucosa tissue, and there was a positive correlation between them. Immunofluorescence staining showed that CDK5 and PD-L1 were co-localized in dendritic cells. Synergistic stimulation of dendritic cells with LPS and TNF-α promotes the maturation of dendritic cells and increases the expression of CDK5 and PD-L1. However, blocking the expression of CDK5 in dendritic cells with siRNAs leads to a blockage of cell maturation. CDK5 can regulate the expression of PD-L1, and its presence is critical for the maturation of dendritic cells. CDK5 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of CRSwNP disease.

Correction to: CDK5 Regulates PD-L1 Expression and Cell Maturation in Dendritic Cells of CRSwNP.

The article CDK5 Regulates PD-L1 Expression and Cell Maturation in Dendritic Cells of CRSwNP, written by C. C. Liu, H. L. Zhang, L. L. Zhi, P. Jin, L. Zhao, T. Li, X. M. Zhou, D. S. Sun, G. H. Cheng, Q. Xin, L. Shi, and M. Xia was originally published electronically on the publisher's internet.

[Overview of traditional Chinese medicine of "Xiang Qi" theory of origins].

The theory of "Xiang Qi" (inspecting Qi or inspecting pneumata) is an important method of TCM inspection.It has important value in clinical diagnosis.The theoretical framework of "Xiang Qi" has been formed from the Huangdi Neijing (The Yellow Emperor's Classic of Medicine)《》. The many ideas were improved and developed in many dynasties such as Sui, Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan. Especially the theory of "Xiang Qi" has been inherited and applied in Ming and Qing dynasties, the theory of "Xiang Qi" became an important diagnostic method for the clinical practice.Especially Wang Hong()'s Wang Zhen Zun Jing(Inspection following the classics)《》 in Qing Dynasty was published.It perfected and developed the ten kinds of methods of "Xiang Qi" from three aspects. And it contained four diagnostic methods by examining Qi to determine the disease.It has promoted the value and the clinical application of "Xiang Qi" theory, and has contributed to the development of "Xiang Qi" theory.

[An evidence-based terlipressin therapy for gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage].

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding is one of the major complications of cirrhosis and also the leading causes of death in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Terlipressin is a triglycyl-lysine vasopressin, a synthetic vasopressin analogue that is mainly used for the treatment of acute variceal hemorrhage. This article aims to review the current status of treatment of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding with terlipressin from the perspective of evidence-based medicine.

Modeling and Simulation of A Microchannel Cooling System for Vitrification of Cells and Tissues.

BACKGROUND: The microchannel heat exchange system has several advantages and can be used to enhance heat transfer for vitrification. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the microchannel cooling method and to analyze the effects of key parameters such as channel structure, flow rate and sample size. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A computational flow dynamics model is applied to study the two-phase flow in microchannels and its related heat transfer process. The fluid-solid coupling problem is solved with a whole field solution method (i.e., flow profile in channels and temperature distribution in the system being simulated simultaneously). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Simulation indicates that a cooling rate >104 C/min is easily achievable using the microchannel method with the high flow rate for a board range of sample sizes. Channel size and material used have significant impact on cooling performance. Computational flow dynamics is useful for optimizing the design and operation of the microchannel system.

Micro124-mediated AHR expression regulates the inflammatory response of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps.

MicroRNAs represent a component of the innate immune responses that can restrain inflammatory signaling, miR124 is an important member of inflammation-associated miRNAs, and abnormal miR124 expression is observed in many inflammatory diseases and immune disorders. However, the role and signaling pathways of miR124 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) have not been studied in detail. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that is highly conserved in evolution and plays important roles in the inflammatory response process. In our study, we describe the role of miR124 in the inflammatory response of CRS with nasal polyps. We found that the expression of miR124 was decreased in nasal polyps, and negatively correlated with the expression of AHR. MiR124 can inhibit AHR expression by directly target 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of AHR. To further investigate the relationship between miR124, AHR and CRS inflammatory response, we transfect HNEpC cells with miR124 mimic, miR124 inhibitors or siRNA of AHR, then all the results showed that miR124 could regulates cellular inflammatory response through negatively regulating AHR expression. This study demonstrated that the regulation of AHR expression by miR124 is critical to the development of inflammatory response in CRSwNPs.

Relationship between genetic variants of ACE2 gene and circulating levels of ACE2 and its metabolites.

WHAT IS KNOWN: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) plays an important role in the development of essential hypertension (EH). Genetic factors remarkably influence circulating ACE2 level. OBJECTIVE: Because heritability had remarkable effects on circulating ACE2, we designed this study to shed light on whether circulating levels of ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9) were linked to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in ACE2 gene. METHODS: A total of 213 patients with newly diagnosed mild to moderate EH were enrolled in the present study. Four ACE2 tag SNPs (rs2074192, rs4646171, rs4646155 and rs2106809) were genotyped, and major haplotypes consisting of these 4 SNPs were reconstructed for all subjects. Circulating levels of ACE2, angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-(1-9) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: In female subjects, linear regression analysis suggested that rare alleles of ACE2 rs2074192 and rs2106809 were associated with reduced circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels (P=.007 and P=.006, respectively). ACE2 haplotype CAGC was associated with elevated circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels (P=.03) whereas TAGT was associated with reduced circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels in females (P<.001). Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that circulating ACE2 levels were positively associated with systolic blood pressure (P=.02), mean arterial pressure (P=.02) and serum creatinine (P<.001) in females whereas circulating ACE2 levels were positively associated with age (P<.001) and serum creatinine (P<.001) in males. WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: ACE2 SNPs and haplotypes are associated with circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels. ACE2 genetic variants may be the determinants of circulating angiotensin-(1-7) levels in hypertensive females.

The association between GGCX, miR-133 genetic polymorphisms and warfarin stable dosage in Han Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement.

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Warfarin is a widely used anticoagulant with a narrow therapeutic index. Polymorphisms in the VKORC1, CYP2C9 and CYP4F2 genes have been verified to correlate with warfarin stable dosage (WSD). Whether any other genes or variants affect the dosage is unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between GGCX, miR-133 variants and the WSD in Han Chinese patients with mechanical heart valve replacement (MHVR). METHODS: A total of 231 patients were enrolled in the study. Blood samples were collected for genotyping. The average WSD among subjects with different GGCX or miR-133 genotypes was compared. Regression analyses were performed to test for any association of genetic polymorphisms with WSD. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The warfarin dosage in patients with the GGCX rs699664 TT and rs12714145 TT genotypes was 3.77±0.93 (95% CI: 3.35-4.19) mg/d and 3.70±1.00 (95% CI: 3.32-4.09) mg/d, respectively. The GGCX rs699664 and rs12714145 genotypes were significantly associated with WSD (P<.05). But they were ruled out in the multivariate regression analysis. There were no significant differences in the average warfarin stable dosage between subjects with MIR133B rs142410335 wild-type and variant genotypes (P>.05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: The genotypes of GGCX rs699644 and rs12714145 were significantly associated with WSD (P<.05), but their contributions were not significant after accounting for other factors. MIR133B rs142410335 makes no significant contributions to warfarin stable dosage in Han Chinese patients with MHVR neither in univariate regression nor in multivariate regression analyses.

[Textural research on the origin and evolution of the"theory of drying dampness"and its initiator].

There are two different records, namely,"vulnerability to dampness in autumn"and"dryness prevailing"in autumn, in the Neijing (Inner Canon). In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, Liu Wansu supplemented the pathogenesis of dryness pathogen, whereas Wang Andao explained the contradictory records in the Neijing. In the Qing Dynasty, Yu Chang definitely challenged the theory"vulnerability to dampness in autumn"of the Neijing,triggering a debate on the recognition of"drying dampness". In fact, Yu Guopei was the initiator of"theory of drying dampness", who discussed the nature of Yin and Yang of"drying dampness"based on the laws of correspondence between human body and natural environment, elucidating that drying dampness should be the root of both exogenous disease and internal damage, and elaborating the etiology and pathogenesis of"drying dampness", the diagnosis and the nature of the drugs for drying dampness. Shi Shoutang inherited Yu's theory and made a further development. In modern times, some scholars advocated that"drying dampness"should be consideredalong with Yin and Yang, superficies and interior, excess and deficiency, cold and heat, as the guiding principle for syndrome differentiation.