Pseudoprogression Disease in a Patient with Small Cell Lung Cancer on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of all lung cancers and is on the rise annually. It is characterized by low differentiation, high malignancy, and rapid growth. Consequently, treatment options are limited, and the patient's prognosis is poor. The emergence of immunotherapy has partially improved the survival and prognosis of SCLC patients. However, a unique response known as "pseudoprogression" during immunotherapy has raised concerns. The occurrence of tumor enlargement despite a positive response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy undoubtedly affects the assessment of clinical drug efficacy and the selection of subsequent treatment strategies. In this article, we analyze a clinical case of pseudoprogression in a patient with SCLC who received immune therapy (Durvalumab). Currently, there is insufficient evidence-based medicine to guide the diagnosis, differentiation and subsequent treatment strategies for pseudoprogression in SCLC following immunotherapy. Through this case report and literature review, we aim to provide diagnostic and therapeutic insights for the clinical use of immunotherapy in advanced SCLC. Additionally, we hope that fellow readers of this article can engage in further collaborative discussions through more clinical research.

Ascending colon cecal junction carcinoma with prostate metastasis: A case report and literature review.

RATIONALE: Colon carcinoma is the most common type of cancer, and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Clinically, the most common sites of metastases from colon carcinoma are the liver, lungs, peritoneum, and lymph nodes, while the incidence of metastases to the prostate is low. There are few relevant studies on colon carcinoma, most of them being case reports. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 76-year-old man treated with radical resection of right colon carcinoma due to primary poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma of the cecum. Postoperative pathological examination suggested that he had cancer at the junction of the ascending colon and the cecum. He had received adjuvant chemotherapy after surgery. One year later, he received transurethral plasma resection of the prostate due to urinary system discomfort. Postoperative pathological immunohistochemistry suggested prostate metastasis of colorectal carcinoma, and he received individualized treatment, but this produced no clear survival benefit. DIAGNOSES: Ascending colon cecal junction carcinoma with prostate metastasis. INTERVENTIONS: Radical resection, chemotherapy, anti-androgen therapy, surgery to relieve primary lesion obstruction symptoms, and local radiotherapy of the prostate. OUTCOMES: At present, clinical cases of colon carcinoma with prostate metastasis are rare. By sharing a rare case of ascending colon cecal junction carcinoma with prostate metastasis and reviewing the relevant literature, this paper explores and optimizes the clinical treatment of colon carcinoma with prostate metastasis.

Major pathological remissions in a patient with stage IIIA nonsmall cell lung cancer after neoadjuvant tislelizumab combined with chemotherapy: a case report and literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, there are few reports of patients with locally advanced lung cancer achieving a clinical complete response by medical treatment. Preoperative neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is an option for patients with unresectable, locally advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which is of great potential, and may change traditional treatment paradigms. There are relatively few large-scale, high-quality randomized-controlled trials yet, and limitations such as short postoperative follow-up period and immature disease-free survival and overall survival data still persist. Thus, evidence-based medical evidence is urgently needed. It is worthy to explore the further treatment of patients who achieved complete response after initial treatment, though lacking of evidence by now. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a stage IIIA lung squamous cell carcinoma case who achieved a major pathologic remission after neoadjuvant treatment with tislelizumab and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: Our case study contributes to the existing evidence on the feasibility, efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy in locally advanced unresectable NSCLC.

A single-center randomized controlled study of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemoperfusion in combination of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in treatment of malignant ascites caused by advanced abdominal cancers.

INTRODUCTION: Malignant peritoneal effusion is a common complication of advanced malignancies, which has a poor prognosis for patients. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been widely used in the treatment of advanced gynecological tumors, especially ovarian cancer (OC). Relative studies have indicated that HIPEC allows for direct exposure of tumor cells to high peritoneal concentrations of cytotoxic drugs without increasing systemic toxicity compared with intravenous treatment. Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor for injection (rmhTNF-NC) is a safely tolerated immunotherapeutic drug that has becoming a mainstay of treatment for malignant effusions. Currently, a prospective study is required to determining the efficacy of rmhTNF-NC plus cisplatin for the treatment of malignant peritoneal effusion for OC. METHODS: Design and setting: This is a single-center, open trial will be performed in Zhongshan Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine. PARTICIPANTS: Eligible patients will be those with advanced gynecologic cancers and who would be suitable for HIPEC. INTERVENTION AND CONTROL: HIPEC with cisplatin and intraperitoneal perfusion with rmhTNF-NC. COINTERVENTIONS: Further chemotherapy will be offered to patients as per current practice.OutcomesPilot study: Patients and clinicians' acceptability of the trial to assist in optimization of recruitment.Primary outcome: One-year overall survival (OS).Secondary outcomes: Progression-free survival (PFS), adverse events.Follow-up: One-year follow-up for OS.Sample size: Twenty patients to demonstrate therapeutic effect of peritoneal effusion caused by OC. DISCUSSION: This trial will determine the effectiveness of HIPEC with cisplatin and intraperitoneal perfusion with rmhTNF-NC for advanced gynecologic cancers, and guide the optimal treatment for these patients.

Diosmin for the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of oral diosmin on the incidence and severity of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) and explore the value of diosmin in preventing and treating OHSS. METHOD: A retrospective study of women attending a reproductive center in Guangzhou, China, between September and December 2016. The inclusion criterion was previous cancellation of embryo transfer after oocyte retrieval during IVF owing to a high risk of OHSS. The women were divided into two groups depending on whether they received oral diosmin (1000 mg twice daily for 10 days) after oocyte retrieval (diosmin group) or not (control group). Apart from diosmin, both groups underwent the same treatment. Baseline information and data related to OHSS were compared. RESULTS: Overall, 146 women were included: 74 in the diosmin group and 72 in the control group. The incidence of moderate-to-severe OHSS in the diosmin and control groups was 5/74 (6.2%) and 14/72 (13.4%), respectively (P=0.027). The control group included four cases of paracentesis due to ascites; there were no cases of paracentesis or severe OHSS in the diosmin group. CONCLUSION: Oral administration of diosmin effectively reduced both the incidence of moderate-to-severe OHSS and the severity of OHSS among high-risk women.

The development of a multi-parameter heterogeneous fiber sensor network based on fiber Bragg grating and Fabry-Perot.

This paper proposes a heterogeneous structure of multiparameter optical fiber sensor network, which is composed of the quasidistributed temperature and strain sensor networks and the discrete pressure and vibration sensor networks. This network can multiplex different types of optical fiber sensors and can automatically identify the subnet type of the access network. We designed two structures of light source distribution and compared their advantages and disadvantages. The sensor network proposed in this paper provides a deliberate exploration for the construction of a large-capacity, large-scale, multiparameter, high-precision optical fiber sensor network.

An Angle of Polarization (AoP) Visualization Method for DoFP Polarization Image Sensors Based on Three Dimensional HSI Color Space.

A demand for division of focal plane (DoFP) polarization image sensors grows rapidly as nanofabrication technologies become mature. The DoFP sensor can output real time data of polarization information. In this paper, a novel visualization method for angle of polarization (AoP) is proposed for DoFP polarization image sensors. The data characteristics of AoP are analyzed, and strategies for a visualization method are proposed which conforms to the characteristics of AoP data. According to these strategies, we propose a visualization method for AoP data based on three dimensional HSI color space. This method uses intensity and saturation to characterize the magnitude of the angle between the polarization direction and the horizontal direction wherein the hue indicates the deflection direction. It is shown by the numerical simulation that the noise in the AoP image can be suppressed by our visualization method. In addition, the real-world experiment results are consistent with the numerical simulation and verify that the AoP image obtained by our method can suppress the influence of characterization noise, and the image is simple and intuitive, which is advantageous to human vision. The proposed method can be directly used for the commercialized DoFP polarization image sensor to display real-time AoP data.

Different progestin-primed ovarian stimulation protocols in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection: an analysis of 1188 cycles.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy in suppressing the premature LH surge, embryo quality and pregnancy outcomes of progestin-primed ovarian stimulation (PPOS) protocols using medroxyprogesterone acetate versus utrogestan in women of all ages undergoing in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection. METHODS: 1188 patients were enrolled in the retrospective study, of which 1002 patients were treated with medroxyprogesterone acetate (M group) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (r-FSH)simultaneously from day 3 of the cycle until trigger day, while 186 patients were treated with utrogestan (U group) and r-FSH instead. Viable embryos were cryopreserved for later transfer in both groups. Differences in baseline characteristics, ovarian stimulation characteristics, endocrinological characteristics, embryo development and clinical outcome between two groups were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed stratified by age and number of oocytes retrieved. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics, ovarian stimulation characteristics and clinical outcome of patients between groups. However, blastulation rate in the U group was significantly higher than that in the M group (49.4% vs. 32.9%, P < 0.001). During ovarian stimulation, LH levels remained steady in both groups. Higher percentage of premature LH surge was found in the U group (2.4% vs. 10.2%, P < 0.001), especially for patients aged more than 35 years or who had three oocytes or less retrieved. CONCLUSIONS: Both the administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate and utrogestan in PPOS were sufficient to prevent an untimely LH rise, while for patients with poor ovarian response or aged above 35 years, MPA may result in a more satisfactory LH level. PPOS protocol using medroxyprogesterone acetate or utrogestan was comparable in terms of oocytes and pregnancy outcome, whereas the administration of utrogestan may result in an improved blastulation than medroxyprogesterone acetate, which needs further exploration.

FBG wavelength demodulation based on a radio frequency optical true time delay method.

A new fiber Bragg grating (FBG) wavelength shift demodulation method based on optical true time delay microwave phase detection is proposed. We used a microwave photonic link (MPL) to transport a radio frequency (RF) signal over a dispersion compensation fiber (DCF). The wavelength shift of the FBG will cause the time delay change of the optical carrier that propagates in an optical fiber with chromatic dispersion, which will result in the variation of the RF signal phase. A long DCF was adopted to enlarge the RF signal phase variation. An IQ mixer was used to measure the RF phase variation of the RF signal propagating in the MPL, and the wavelength shift of the FBG can be obtained by the measured RF signal phase variation. The experimental results showed that the wavelength shift measurement resolution is 2 pm when the group velocity dispersion of the DCF is 79.5 ps/nm and the frequency of the RF signal is 18 GHz. The demodulation time is as short as 0.1 ms. The measurement resolution can be improved simply by using a higher frequency of the RF signal and a longer DCF or larger chromatic dispersion value of the DCF.

An optical fiber Fabry-Perot flow measurement technology based on partial bend structure.

An optical fiber Fabry-Perot (F-P) flow measurement technology is presented, which is based on partial bend structure. A 90° partial bend structure is designed to achieve the non-probe flow measurement with a pressure difference. The fluid simulation results of partial bend structure show that the error of the pressure difference is below 0.05 kPa during steady flow. The optical fiber F-P sensor mounted on the elbow with pressure test accuracy of 1% full scale is used to measure the fluid flow. Flow test results show that when the flow varies from 1 m(3)/h to 6.5 m(3)/h at ambient temperature of 25 °C, the response time is 1 s and the flow test accuracy is 4.5% of the F-P flow test system, proving that the F-P flow test method based on partial bend structure can be used in fluid flow measurement.