Room-Temperature Magneto-Photoresponse in All-2D Optoelectronic Devices for In-Sensor Vision Systems.

Interplay between magnetism and photoelectric properties introduces the effective control of photoresponse in optoelectronic devices via magnetic field, termed as magneto-photoresponse. It enriches the application scenarios and shows potential to construct in-sensor vision systems for artificial intelligence with gate-free architecture. However, achieving a simultaneous existence of room-temperature magnetism and notable photoelectric properties in semiconductors is a great challenge. Here, the room-temperature magneto-photoresponse is accomplished in all-2D optoelectronic devices, employing 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 as the source and drain, with WSe2 forming the channel. The interplay between room-temperature magnetism and photoelectric properties is realized by introducing the unique magneto-band structure effect from 2D interface, resulting in magneto-tunable charge transfer between Fe3GaTe2 and WSe2. The photocurrent in this 2D optoelectronic device exhibits robust response to both the direction and amplitude of external magnetic fields. Utilizing constructed 2D optoelectronic devices with magneto-photoresponse, traditional gate-controlled phototransistors are replaced and a prototype in-sensor vision system with visual adaptation, significantly improving the recognition accuracy to over four times in low-contrast environments is established. These findings pave a way for achieving high-temperature magneto-photoresponse, thereby guiding the construction of robust in-sensor vision systems toward high performance and broad applications.

Identification of Key Toxic Substances Considering Metabolic Activation: A Combination of Transcriptome and Nontarget Analysis.

There have been numerous studies using effect-directed analysis (EDA) to identify key toxic substances present in source and drinking water, but none of these studies have considered the effects of metabolic activation. This study developed a comprehensive method including a pretreatment process based on an in vitro metabolic activation system, a comprehensive biological effect evaluation based on concentration-dependent transcriptome (CDT), and a chemical feature identification based on nontarget chemical analysis (NTA), to evaluate the changes in the toxic effects and differences in the chemical composition after metabolism. Models for matching metabolites and precursors as well as data-driven identification methods were further constructed to identify toxic metabolites and key toxic precursor substances in drinking water samples from the Yangtze River. After metabolism, the metabolic samples showed a general trend of reduced toxicity in terms of overall biological potency (mean: 3.2-fold). However, metabolic activation led to an increase in some types of toxic effects, including pathways such as excision repair, mismatch repair, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, nucleotide excision repair, and DNA replication. Meanwhile, metabolic samples showed a decrease (17.8%) in the number of peaks and average peak area after metabolism, while overall polarity, hydrophilicity, and average molecular weight increased slightly (10.3%). Based on the models for matching of metabolites and precursors and the data-driven identification methods, 32 chemicals were efficiently identified as key toxic substances as main contributors to explain the different transcriptome biological effects such as cellular component, development, and DNA damage related, including 15 industrial compounds, 7 PPCPs, 6 pesticides, and 4 natural products. This study avoids the process of structure elucidation of toxic metabolites and can trace them directly to the precursors based on MS spectra, providing a new idea for the identification of key toxic pollutants of metabolites.

Electrical Detection of Acoustic Antiferromagnetic Resonance in Compensated Synthetic Antiferromagnets.

Compensated synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFs) stand out as promising candidates to explore various spintronic applications, benefitting from high precession frequency and negligible stray field. High-frequency antiferromagnetic resonance in SAFs, especially the optic mode (OM), is highly desired to attain fast operation speed in antiferromagnetic spintronic devices. SAFs exhibit ferromagnetic configurations above saturation field; however in that case, the intensity of OM is theoretically zero and hard to be detected in well-established microwave resonance experiments. To expose the hidden OM, the exchange symmetry between magnetic layers must be broken, inevitably introducing remanent magnetization. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a feasible method to break the symmetry via surface acoustic waves with the maintenance of compensated SAF structure. By introducing an out-of-plane strain gradient inside the Ir-mediated SAFs, we successfully reveal the hidden OM. Remarkably, the OM intensity can be effectively modulated by controlling strain gradients in SAFs with different thicknesses, confirmed by finite-element simulations. Our findings provide a feasible scheme for detecting the concealed OM, which would trigger future discoveries in magnon-phonon coupling and hybrid quasiparticle systems.

The stomach cancer epidemic in Chinese mainland: Current trends and future predictions.

BACKGROUND: China is one of the countries with the highest burdens of stomach cancer. The objective of this study was to analyze long-term trends in the incidence and mortality of stomach cancer in Chinese mainland from 1990 to 2019 and to make projections until 2030. METHODS: Data on stomach cancer were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019. Population data were extracted from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 and World Population Prospects 2019. An age-period-cohort framework and decomposition analysis were used in this study. RESULTS: The net drift for the incidence of stomach cancer was 0.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0%, 0.4%) per year for men and -1.8% (95% CI: -2.0%, -1.6%) for women. The net drift for mortality was -1.6% (95% CI: -1.8%, -1.3%) per year for men and -3.3% (95% CI: -3.5%, -3.1%) for women. In the last 10-15 years, the risk of stomach cancer occurrence and death has continued to decline for both sexes. Regarding birth cohorts, although the risk of stomach cancer death decreased in general among women and men born after 1920, the risk of occurrence increased in recent birth cohorts (men born after 1970 and women born after 1985). It is expected that the age-standardized incidence will increase among men and decrease among women, and age-standardized mortality will decrease for both sexes. The largest contributor to the projected increase in incident cases and deaths is population aging, and elderly individuals are projected to have an increased proportion of occurrence and death. CONCLUSIONS: In the past three decades, the incidence of stomach cancer among men has increased in Chinese mainland, and this trend is projected to continue. Aging will be the main contributor to future increased stomach cancer occurrence and deaths. To reduce the health impact of stomach cancer, more efforts are needed.

Prediction and Interpretability Study of the Glass Transition Temperature of Polyimide Based on Machine Learning with Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship (Tg-QSPR).

The glass transition temperature (Tg) is a crucial characteristic of polyimides (PIs). Developing a Tg predictive model using machine learning methodologies can facilitate the design of PI structures and expedite the development process. In this investigation, a data set comprising 1257 PIs was assembled, with Tg values determined using differential scanning calorimetry. 210 molecular descriptors were computed using RDKit, and subsequently, six distinct feature selection methodologies were employed to refine the descriptor set. Quantitative structure-property relationship models targeting Tg (Tg-QSPR) were then constructed using five ensemble learning algorithms and one deep learning algorithm. These models exhibited high predictive accuracy and robustness, with the CATBoost model demonstrating the highest accuracy, achieving a coefficient of determination of 0.823 for the test set, a mean absolute error of 20.1 °C, and a root-mean-square error of 29.0 °C. The study identified the NumRotatableBonds descriptor as particularly influential on Tg, showing a negative correlation with the property. Additionally, the model's accuracy was validated using ten new PI films not included in the original data set, resulting in absolute errors ranging from 2.5 to 26.9 °C and absolute percentage error rates of 1.0-12.8%. These findings underscore the importance of utilizing extensive and diverse data sets for predictive modeling to enhance accuracy and stability. Furthermore, exploring the interpretability of the model and experimentally validating newly synthesized PIs have augmented the practical utility of the model. Under the guidance of the Tg-QSPR models, it will be possible to accelerate the performance prediction and structural design of PIs in the future.

Tuning the Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed Objects by Mixing Chain Transfer Agents in Norrish Type†I Photoinitiated RAFT Polymerization.

Photoinduced 3D printing via photocontrolled reversible-deactivation radical polymerization (photoRDRP) techniques has emerged as a robust technique for creating polymeric materials. However, methods for precisely adjusting the mechanical properties of these materials remain limited. In this study, we present a facile approach for adjusting the mechanical properties of 3D-printed objects by adjusting the polymer dispersity within a Norrish type I photoinitiated reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (NTI-RAFT) polymerization-based 3D printing process. We investigated the effects of varying the concentrations and molar ratios of trithiocarbonate (BTPA) and xanthate (EXEP) on the mechanical properties of the printed materials. Our findings demonstrate that increased concentrations of RAFT agents or higher proportions of the more active BTPA lead to a decrease in Young's modulus and glass transition temperatures, along with an increase in elongation at break, which can be attributed to the enhanced homogeneity of the polymer network. Using a commercial LCD printer, the NTI-RAFT-based 3D printing system effectively produced materials with tailored mechanical properties, highlighting its potential for practical applications.

H-Aggregation of Squaraine Dye as Generic Colorimetric Molecules to Detect Cu2.

An infrared squaraine dye was utilized to detect Cu2+ in solvents based on H-aggregates of squaraine dye. H-aggregates are a type of aggregation with enhanced photophysical properties compared to monomers. In the presence of a Ca2+ solution, F-Cl offers exceptional H-aggregators that can be transformed into monomers by adding Cu2+. Furthermore, this mode successfully demonstrated fluorescence changes in HeLa cells cultured in vitro after the addition of Ca2+ or Cu2+. A highly specific detection of Cu2+ was achieved using this transformation mode.

Electrical-Controllable Antiferromagnet-Based Tunnel Junction.

An electrical-controllable antiferromagnet tunnel junction is a key goal in spintronics, holding immense promise for ultradense and ultrastable antiferromagnetic memory with high processing speed for modern information technology. Here, we have advanced toward this goal by achieving an electrical-controllable antiferromagnet-based tunnel junction of Pt/Co/Pt/Co/IrMn/MgO/Pt. The exchange coupling between antiferromagnetic IrMn and Co/Pt perpendicular magnetic multilayers results in the formation of an interfacial exchange bias and exchange spring in IrMn. Encoding information states "0" and "1" is realized through the exchange spring in IrMn, which can be electrically written by spin-orbit torque switching with high cyclability and electrically read by antiferromagnetic tunneling anisotropic magnetoresistance. Combining spin-orbit torque switching of both exchange spring and exchange bias, a 16 Boolean logic operation is successfully demonstrated. With both memory and logic functionalities integrated into our electrically controllable antiferromagnetic-based tunnel junction, we chart the course toward high-performance antiferromagnetic logic-in-memory.

An on-off-on fluorescent probe for the detection of glyphosate based on a Cu2+-assisted squaraine dye sensor.

The herbicide glyphosate, N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, has been widely used in the past 40 years, and has had many adverse effects on human health. Here, we constructed a convenient "on-off-on" fluorescent platform for detection of glyphosate via Cu2+ modulated squaraine dye fluorescence quenching. The squaraine dye F-0 exhibited strong fluorescence, which could be quenched by the addition of Cu2+. However, the addition of glyphosate restored the fluorescence intensity of F-0 due to the formation of a Cu2+-glyphosate complex. F-0 was utilized as a fluorescent probe for the quantitative detection of glyphosate, with the lowest detection limit of 13.16 nmol L-1. Furthermore, this method demonstrated high selectivity and anti-interference capabilities. The successful monitoring of glyphosate in real samples was achieved using this detection strategy.

Identify organic contaminants of high-concern based on non-targeted toxicity testing and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis in tap water and source water along the Yangtze River.

Many organic pollutants were detected in tap water (TW) and source water (SW) along the Yangtze River. However, the potential toxic effects and the high-concern organics (HCOs) which drive the effect are still unknown. Here, a non-targeted toxicity testing method based on the concentration-dependent transcriptome and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis combining tiered filtering were used to reveal the overall biological effects and chemical information. Subsequently, we developed a qualitative pathway-structure relationship (QPSR) model to effectively match the biological and chemical information and successfully identified HCOs in TW and SW along the Yangtze River by potential substructures of HCOs. Non-targeted toxicity testing found that the biological potency of both TW and SW was stronger in the downstream of the Yangtze River, and disruption of the endocrine system and cancer were the main drivers of the effect. In addition, non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis combined with retention time prediction results identified 3220 and 631 high-confidence compound structures in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Then, QPSR model was further implied and identified a total of 103 HCOs, containing 35 industrial chemicals, 30 PPCPs, 26 pesticides, and 12 hormones in TW and SW, respectively. Among them, the neuroactive and hormonal compounds oxoamide, 8-iso-16-cyclohexyl-tetranor prostaglandin E2, E Keppra, and Tocris-0788 showed the highest frequency of detection, which were identified in more than 1/3 of the samples. The strategy of combining non-targeted toxicity testing and non-targeted LC-HRMS analysis will support comprehensive biological effect assessment, identification of HCOs, and risk control of mixtures.

Electrical 180° switching of Néel vector in spin-splitting antiferromagnet.

Antiferromagnetic spintronics have attracted wide attention due to its great potential in constructing ultradense and ultrafast antiferromagnetic memory that suits modern high-performance information technology. The electrical 180° switching of Néel vector is a long-term goal for developing electrical-controllable antiferromagnetic memory with opposite Néel vectors as binary "0" and "1." However, the state-of-art antiferromagnetic switching mechanisms have long been limited for 90° or 120° switching of Néel vector, which unavoidably require multiple writing channels that contradict ultradense integration. Here, we propose a deterministic switching mechanism based on spin-orbit torque with asymmetric energy barrier and experimentally achieve electrical 180° switching of spin-splitting antiferromagnet Mn5Si3. Such a 180° switching is read out by the Néel vector-induced anomalous Hall effect. On the basis of our writing and readout methods, we fabricate an antiferromagnet device with electrical-controllable high- and low-resistance states that accomplishes robust write and read cycles. Besides fundamental advance, our work promotes practical spin-splitting antiferromagnetic devices based on spin-splitting antiferromagnet.

Spin-torque-driven antiferromagnetic resonance.

The intrinsic fast dynamics make antiferromagnetic spintronics a promising avenue for faster data processing. Ultrafast antiferromagnetic resonance-generated spin current provides valuable access to antiferromagnetic spin dynamics. However, the inverse effect, spin-torque-driven antiferromagnetic resonance (ST-AFMR), which is attractive for practical utilization of fast devices but seriously impeded by difficulties in controlling and detecting Néel vectors, remains elusive. We observe ST-AFMR in Y3Fe5O12/α-Fe2O3/Pt at room temperature. The Néel vector oscillates and contributes to voltage signal owing to antiferromagnetic negative spin Hall magnetoresistance-induced spin rectification effect, which has the opposite sign to ferromagnets. The Néel vector in antiferromagnetic α-Fe2O3 is strongly coupled to the magnetization in Y3Fe5O12 buffer, resulting in the convenient control of Néel vectors. ST-AFMR experiment is bolstered by micromagnetic simulations, where both the Néel vector and the canted moment of α-Fe2O3 are in elliptic resonance. These findings shed light on the spin current-induced dynamics in antiferromagnets and represent a step toward electrically controlled antiferromagnetic terahertz emitters.

A chaperone-like function of FUS ensures TAZ condensate dynamics and transcriptional activation.

The Hippo pathway has important roles in organ development, tissue homeostasis and tumour growth. Its downstream effector TAZ is a transcriptional coactivator that promotes target gene expression through the formation of biomolecular condensates. However, the mechanisms that regulate the biophysical properties of TAZ condensates to enable Hippo signalling are not well understood. Here using chemical crosslinking combined with an unbiased proteomics approach, we show that FUS associates with TAZ condensates and exerts a chaperone-like effect to maintain their proper liquidity and robust transcriptional activity. Mechanistically, the low complexity sequence domain of FUS targets the coiled-coil domain of TAZ in a phosphorylation-regulated manner, which ensures the liquidity and dynamicity of TAZ condensates. In cells lacking FUS, TAZ condensates transition into gel-like or solid-like assembles with immobilized TAZ, which leads to reduced expression of target genes and inhibition of pro-tumorigenic activity. Thus, our findings identify a chaperone-like function of FUS in Hippo regulation and demonstrate that appropriate biophysical properties of transcriptional condensates are essential for gene activation.

Ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency for deep sodium storage enabled by carbon-free vanadium-doping MoS2 hierarchical nanostructure.

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has garnered attention as a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity and unique lamellar texture. Nevertheless, unmodified MoS2 suffers from inferior electrical conductivity, poor reaction reversibility, and suboptimal cycle life upon repeated sodiation/desodiation. In this study, a novel carbon-free V-heteroatom doping MoS2 composite (abbr. VMS) with hierarchical laurustinus-like structure was synthesized by a facile one-step hydrothermal process. Specifically, the rational doping of V-atoms can effectively modulate the intrinsic electronic structure of pure MoS2, resulting in enhanced Na-ion diffusion rate, improved reaction kinetics and reduced activation energy compared to bare MoS2. Additionally, the hierarchical structure of the VMS composite, with sufficient spacing, effectively mitigates mechanical stress and ensures the integrity of active materials. Consequently, the prepared VMS composite possesses exceptional reaction reversibility (average ICE value of 92 %) and remarkable capacity retention (92.1 % after 450 cycles at 10 A/g). These findings contribute valuable insights into the development of advanced MoS2-based anode for sodium ion batteries.

Recent Study Advances in Flexible Sensors Based on Polyimides.

With the demand for healthy life and the great advancement of flexible electronics, flexible sensors are playing an irreplaceably important role in healthcare monitoring, wearable devices, clinic treatment, and so on. In particular, the design and application of polyimide (PI)-based sensors are emerging swiftly. However, the tremendous potential of PI in sensors is not deeply understood. This review focuses on recent studies in advanced applications of PI in flexible sensors, including PI nanofibers prepared by electrospinning as flexible substrates, PI aerogels as friction layers in triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), PI films as sensitive layers based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in relative humidity (RH) sensors, photosensitive PI (PSPI) as sacrificial layers, and more. The simple laser-induced graphene (LIG) technique is also introduced in the application of PI graphitization to graphene. Finally, the prospect of PIs in the field of electronics is proposed in the review.

Investigation of Charge-Ordered Barium Iron Fluorides with One-Dimensional Structural Diversity and Complex Magnetic Interactions.

Three mixed-valence barium iron fluorides, Ba7Fe7F34, Ba2Fe2F9, and BaFe2F7, were prepared through hydrothermal redox reactions. The characteristic structures of these compounds feature diverse distributions of FeIIF6 octahedra and FeIIIF6 groups. Ba7Fe7F34 contained one-dimensional infinite ∞[FeIIFeIII6F34]14- double chains, comprising cis corner-sharing octahedra along the b direction; Ba2Fe2F9 contained one-dimensional ∞[Fe2F9]4- double chains, consisting of cis corner-sharing octahedra along the chain (a-axis direction) and trans corner-sharing octahedra vertical to the chain, while BaFe2F7 revealed three-dimensional (3D) frameworks that consist of isolated edge-sharing dinuclear FeII2F10 units linked via corners by FeIIIF6 octahedra. Magnetization and Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements revealed that Ba7Fe7F34 exhibits an antiferromagnetic phase transition at ∼11 K, where ferrimagnetic ∞[FeIIFeIII6F34]14- double chains are arranged in a paralleling manner, while Ba2Fe2F9 shows canted antiferromagnetic ordering at ∼32.5 K, leading to noncollinear spin ordering.

Ordered creation and motion of skyrmions with surface acoustic wave.

Magnetic skyrmions with a well-defined spin texture have shown unprecedented potential for various spintronic applications owning to their topologically non-trivial and quasiparticle properties. To put skyrmions into practical technology, efficient manipulation, especially the inhibition of skyrmion Hall effect (SkHE) has been intensively pursued. In spite of the recent progress made on reducing SkHE in several substituted systems, such as ferrimagnets and synthetic antiferromagnets, the organized creation and current driven motion of skyrmions with negligible SkHE in ferromagnets remain challenging. Here, by embedding the [Co/Pd] multilayer into a surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay line where the longitudinal leaky SAW is excited to provide both the strain and thermal effect, we experimentally realized the ordered generation of magnetic skyrmions. The resultant current-induced skyrmions movement with negligible SkHE was observed, which can be attributed to the energy redistribution of the system during the excitation of SAW. Our findings open up an unprecedentedly new perspective for manipulating topological solitons, which could possibly trigger the future discoveries in skyrmionics and spin acousto-electronics.

Calpeptin may reverse glucocorticoid-resistance of allergic rhinitis associated with cigarette smoke exposure by down-regulating interferon regulatory factor 1.

Cigarette smoke exposure is an important factor in chronic inflammation in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR); however, the relationship between cigarette smoke and AR-related glucocorticoid resistance requires further study. In mice, calpeptin significantly reduces inflammation of the lower respiratory tract caused by cigarette smoke, but whether it can treat glucocorticoid-resistant AR caused by cigarette smoke requires further research. In this study, we confirmed that cigarette smoke exposure can aggravate the Th2 inflammatory response in AR leading to glucocorticoid resistance. The underlying mechanism may be related to decreased expression of DNA methyltransferase 3a (Dnmt3a), and increased expression of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1). In addition, we found that calpeptin can inhibit the expression of IRF1 and thus treat AR-associated glucocorticoid resistance in rats exposed to cigarette smoke. These data suggest that calpeptin may downregulate IRF1 and therefore treat glucocorticoid resistance in AR-associated with cigarette smoke exposure.

The epidemic of acute lymphoid leukemia in China: current trends and future prediction.

Background: China has experienced one of the fastest increases in the incidence of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). The aim of this study was to assess the long-term trends of the incidence and mortality of ALL in mainland China between 1990 and 2019 and to project these trends through 2028. Methods: Data on ALL were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019; population data were extracted from World Population Prospects 2019. An age-period-cohort framework was used in the analysis. Results: The net drift for the incidence of ALL was 7.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1%, 7.8%) per year in women and 7.1% (95% CI: 6.7%, 7.6%) in men, and local drift was found to be higher than 0 in every studied age group (p<0.05). The net drift for mortality was 1.2% (95% CI: 1.0%, 1.5%) in women and 2.0% (95% CI: 1.7%, 2.3%) in men. Local drift was lower than 0 in boys aged 0-4 years and girls aged 0-9 years and higher than 0 in men aged 10-84 years and women aged 15-84 years. The estimated period relative risks (RRs) for both incidence and mortality showed increasing trends in the recent period. The cohort RRs for incidence showed increasing trends in both sexes; however, the cohort RR for mortality was decreased in the recent birth cohort (women born after 1988-1992 and men born after 2003-2007). Compared with that in 2019, the incidence of ALL in 2028 is projected to increase by 64.1% in men and 75.0% in women, and the mortality is predicted to decrease by 11.1% in men and 14.3% in women. The proportion of older adult/adults individuals with incident ALL and ALL-related death was projected to increase. Conclusions: Over the last three decades, the incidence and mortality rates of ALL have generally increased. It is projected that the incidence rate of ALL in mainland China will continue to increase in the future, but the associated mortality rate will decline. The proportion of older adult/adults individuals with incident ALL and ALL-related death was projected to increase gradually among both sexes. More efforts are needed, especially for older adult/adults individuals.

Direct-Current Electrical Detection of Surface-Acoustic-Wave-Driven Ferromagnetic Resonance.

Surface acoustic waves (SAW) provide a promising platform to study spin-phonon coupling, which can be achieved by SAW-driven ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) for efficient acoustic manipulation of spin. Although the magneto-elastic effective field model has achieved great success in describing SAW-driven FMR, the magnitude of the effective field acting on the magnetization induced by SAW still remains hard to access. Here, by integrating ferromagnetic stripes with SAW devices, direct-current detection for SAW-driven FMR based on electrical rectification is reported. By analyzing FMR rectified voltage, the effective fields are straightforwardly characterized and extracted, which exhibits the advantages of better integration compatibility and lower cost than traditional methods such as vector-network analyzer-based techniques. A large nonreciprocal rectified voltage is obtained, which is attributed to the coexistence of in-plane and out-of-plane effective fields. The effective fields can be modulated by controlling the longitudinal and shear strains within the films to achieve almost 100% nonreciprocity ratio, demonstrating the potential for electrical switches. Besides its fundamental significance, this finding provides a unique opportunity for a designable spin acousto-electronic device and its convenient signal readout.