[Clinico-ultrasonographic characteristics of peri- and intra- ventricular hemorrhages in newborn infants (prospective studies)]. / Kliniko-ul'trazvukovaia kharakteristika peri-intraventrikuliarnykh krovoizliianii u novorozhdennykh (prospektivnye issledovaniia).

As many as 117 premature and 59 full-term children with peri-intraventricular hemorrhages underwent cliniconeurosonographic studies. Peri-intraventricular hemorrhages (stages I, II, III and IV) in premature children and intraventricular in full-term ones were characterized echographically. The main differences between the echo-signs of peri-intraventricular hemorrhages as well as the common features of their complications were described in children of both the groups. The ++clinico-neuro-sonographic++ comparisons were made in the early neonatal period and in the period of long-term clinical sequels. The main clinico-ultrasonic criteria for the prognosis, gravity of CNS lesions associated with peri-intraventricular hemorrhages hae been presented.

[Clinical characteristics of the convulsion syndrome in newborn infants]. / Klinicheskie osobennosti sudorozhnogo sindroma u novorozhdennykh detei.

A total of 272 mature newborn babies with perinatal neurological pathology and convulsive syndrome were studied. EEG, USI, diaphanoscopy, CT, blood tests for glucose, Calcium, Magnesium, bilirubin, pyridoxal-5-phosphate were performed. Cerebral structure was changed in 50.8 of the patients, and metabolic disorders detected in 13.8%. The recommendations were offered for the therapy of convulsive syndrome in newborns with due account of the above stated disorders.

[Experience with the dispensary care of newborn and nursing infants]. / Opyt dispanserizatsii novorozhdennykh i grudnykh detei.

A random population of 765 first-year infants were subjected to long-term neurologic investigation, diaphanoscopy and EEG. The group at risk of neurologic diseases amounted to 43.6%. Newborns and infants should see a neurologist every 3 months and more frequently in cases of a positive family history and if neurologic disorders arise. This will ensure the timely correction and prevention of any deviation in development.

[Early diagnosis of infantile cerebral palsy]. / Ranniaia diagnostika detskikh tserebral'nykh paralichei.

Early clinical signs of infantile cerebral paralysis in newborns and infants are described. Indices are analyzed which proved most informative and worth attention in the patients' follow-up provided any risk factors are detected in the family history.

[Problems of classification of cerebral palsy in childhood]. / Voprosy klassifikatsii detskikh tserebral'nykh paralichei.

The article summarizes the results of many-year studies of the authors in the field of research into childhood cerebral paralyses, which have made it possible to introduce some alterations in the classification of this disease used in the USSR.

[Hyperexcitability syndrome in infants (clinico-electroencephalographic study)]. / Sindrom gipervozbudimosti u grudnykh detei (kliniko-élektroéntsefalograficheskoe issledovanie).

A total of 236 infants aged under 1 year with the syndrome of hyperexcitability were examined. The awakening EEG was analyzed in 26 children aged 5-6 months. A computerized classification (a discriminant analysis) of such visually ascertained EEG parameters as frequency and amplitude revealed connection between some EEG signs and the presence of hyperexcitability. It is concluded that combined clinico-electroencephalographic examination may be highly informative in the investigation of the pathogenetic mechanisms of this syndrome.

[Electroencephalographic correlates of positive emotional reactions in children in the first year of life]. / Elektroéntsefalograficheskie korrelaty polozhitel'nykh émotsional'nykh reaktsii u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

The authors investigated electroencephalographic correlates of positive emotional reactions in 28 infants aged from 3 to 10 months. An analysis of the space organization of the hypersynchronous 4 Hz frequency theta-rhythm attending emotional reactions has shown that depending on the type of impact, neural elements in the anterior or posterior cerebral cortex synchronously come into play. It is assumed that the arrangement of the above type of activity is due to both nonspecific activation of the cortex through the influence of the subcortical structures and due to the mechanisms of local activation becoming involved in the realization of the response depending on the biological quality of the irritant and the nature of the activity induced by it.

[Infantile spasms in children under 1-year-old]. / Infantil'nye spazmy u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

In the period of 1977 to 1982, 72 children suffering from infantile spasms and aged 10 days to 12 months were observed. Studies of the neurologic status over time were supplemented with echoencephalography, diaphanoscopy, cranial roentgenography and ophthalmoscopic examination. Furthermore, 58 children were subjected to electro-encephalographic investigations. The clinical findings and data provided by additional methods were evaluated over time, i.e., prior to, during and after the course of treatment. An analysis is presented of the results of corticosteroid therapy of two groups of patients: 1) "idiopathic"-where the medical history showed no previous nervous system impairments prior to the development of the spasms; 2) patients with a history of various damaging factors (pregnancy pathology in the mother, new-born asphyxia, intracranial birth injury, intrauterine infection, neuroinfection in the early postnatal period, etc.). The clinical picture of infantile spasms is extensively described. Before the initiation of hormonal therapy, the patients received anticonvulsive drugs for 1-10 months. The use of ACTH, synacthen and hydrocortisone proved to be fairly effective provided the treatment is instituted early. Possible mechanisms of the action of hormonal drugs are analyzed.

[Clinical evaluation of the mental development of children during the 1st year]. / Klinicheskaia otsenka psikhicheskogo razvitiia detei pervogo goda zhizni.

A combined study of the formation of mental functions in 520 infants under one year of age in normal and various pathological conditions was carried out. The authors conclude that the retardation of the psychic development in newborns and infants never occurs in the isolated form. Thus, the objective assessment of mental development may be made only in correlation with the formation of other functional systems which is important for the elaboration of early therapeutic and corrective measures.

[Retardation of psychomotor development in children during the first year of life]. / Osobennosti zaderzhki psikhomotornogo razvitiia u detei pervogo goda zhizni.

Many-year observations of 1680 children with retarded psychomotor development during the first year of life suggest that qualitative and quantitative differentiation of the development retardation should be made. Two variants of psychomotor development retardation in children of the first year of life are distinguished: a benign nonspecific, and a specific one. In the former case, the retardation is not due to a specific damage to the brain or its dysfunction, i. e. at the basis of this retardation there lie a delayed maturation of the brain structures and a slower development of their functions without qualitative changes in the nervous system. The specific retardation is always due to a damage to the brain structures and their functions. In this variant there is a dysfunction of the brain which manifests in various neurological syndromes. The authors explain the peculiarities of the nonspecific and specific retardation at various age periods, give examples of the differentiation of the specific retardation with regard to its gravity, and describe the principal neurological syndromes characterizing this retardation.

[Role of complex studies in the diagnosis of spinal amyotrophy in young children]. / Znachenie kompleksnykh issledovanii dlia diagnostiki spinal'nykh amiotrafii u detei rannego vozrasta.

The analysis of a pathomorphological verified case of Werding-Hoffmanns disease and its comparison with the other clinical and EEG data shows that the specific electromyographical traits of the spinal lesion in some patients are revealed in a late period. For the differentiation of the essential muscular and the secondary neurogenic lesions in the early stages of the disease the morphological studies of muscular bioptic specimens are very important.

[Minimal brain dysfunction in children (neurologic aspect)]. / Minimal'naia mozgovaia disfunktsiia u detei (nevrologicheskii aspekt).

The paper contains some data of a dynamical study of 108 children with early organic brain lesions. Starting from the neonate period, in 29 cases (26,8%) there was a stable focal neurological symptomatology, in 42 (38,9%)--symptoms of neuropsychic abnormalities were not found. In 37 cases (34,3%) there was a neurological and psychopathological symptomatology, typical for minimal brain dysfunction. The studies indicate a certain role of the organic factor in the etiology and clinical signs of minimal brain dysfunction in infants. The conclusion is made that there is a necessity for a thorough neurological examination of infants with pathology in the perinatal period with slight neurological changes or considered to be practically normal. Early treatment and prevention of clinical signs in minimal brain dysfunction is stressed.

[Clinical and electrophysiological comparisons in minimal cerebral dysfunction in school-aged children]. / Kliniko-élektrofiziologicheskie sopostavleniia pri minimal'noi tserebral'noi disfunktsii u detei shkol'nogo vozrasta.

Clinico-electrophysiological studies of 74 children of school age with speech disorders demonstrated that the syndrome of the minimal brain dysfunction frequently develops on the background of early organic brain lesions. These data were confirmed by a combination of speech and motor disturbances in 70.3% of the studied children as well as by changes in the electro- and echoencephalograms. That is why one of the criteria for eliminating the syndrome of the minimal brain dysfunction should be the state of the motor and speech systems in combination with EEG data.

[Early neurologic manifestations of minimal brain dysfunction in children]. / Rannie nevrologicheskie proiavleniia minimal'noi tserebral'noi disfunktsii u detei

The authors studied 207 children with minimal cerebral dysfunctions. Among this contingent 132 were followed-up from the moment of birth and subsequently during 8-10 years. It was demonstrated that already at the early stages of development certain neurological signs can be detected: somato-vegetative disorders, changes of the muscular tone, a hypertensive syndrome. In some of the children there was a retardation of psychomotor functions and prespeech development. One of the important goals at the present time is the elaboration of preventive measures of minimal cerebral dysfunctions in children with perinatal brain lesions.