Effects and mechanism of Elafibranor on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human prostate cancer / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the effects and molecular mechanism of Elafibranor (ELA) on the proliferation, migration and apoptosis of human prostate cancer (PCa) cells. 【Methods】 After PCa DU145 cells were treated with culture media containing different dosages of ELA, the proliferation, migration and apoptosis were determined with MTT assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The expressions of genes related to lipid metabolism were detected with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR). 【Results】 The relative cell proliferation rate at 48 h was 100% in the blank control group, (86.9±7.8)% in the low-dose (5 μmol/L) group and (58.5±9.4)% in the high-dose (15 μmol/L) group;the wound healing rate at 24 h was (74.7±3.2)%, (61.8±2.9)% and (53.2±3.3)%;the relative percentage of migrated cells at 24 h was 100%, (32.4±11.2)% and (15.4±3.2)%;the cell apoptosis rate at 48 h was (9.3±1.4)%, (11.3±0.3)%, and (15.2±4.5)%, respectively, all P<0.05. After ELA treatment for 48 h, the genes related to fatty acid intake (SCPX, PLTP) and fatty acid oxidation (PDK1, ACOX2) were significantly down-regulated in the high-dose group, while the gene related to fatty acid deposition (PLIN2) was significantly up-regulated, indicating that the lipid metabolism pathway of DU145 cells was seriously interfered by the ELA treatment. 【Conclusion】 ELA can inhibit the proliferation and migration, and promote the apoptosis of prostate cancer cells by interfering in the lipid metabolism pathway, which exhibits remarkable potential of clinical translation in the field of anti-tumor chemotherapy.

Exploration of risk factors and establishment of nomograms model for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer / 国际外科学杂志

Objective:To identify the risk factors associated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage I gastric cancer and establish nomograms model based on risk factors.Methods:In this retrospective case-control study, 161 cases with stage Ⅰ primary gastric adenocarcinoma were included who underwent gastrectomy at the Department of General Surgery of the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to December in 2020, including 129 male cases and 32 females cases, with the average age of (59.90±0.80) years. Among them, 41 cases were treated with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (chemotherapy group), while 120 cases who did not receive postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy (no chemotherapy group). Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the risk factors of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients and establish the nomograms predictive model. ROC curve and calibration curve were used to evaluate the performance of the model.Results:Multivariate analysis revealed that primary tumor site, tumor size, T stage, N stage lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion were the independent risk factors of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for stage Ⅰ gastric cancer( P<0.05). The ROC curve indicated that area under the curve (AUC) of the multivariate model was 0.91(95% CI: 0.86-0.97). The calibration curve showed that probability predicted by nomograms was consistent with the actual situation(C-index: 0.91). Conclusions:The tumor located in the proximal stomach, tumor size>2 cm, T 2, N 1, lymph-vascular tumor embolus or perineural invasion maybe be the risk factors for chemotherapy decision in stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients. The established model has good predictive ability for postoperative chemotherapy of stage Ⅰ gastric cancer patients, which might provide reference for the selection of clinical decisions in this part of patients.

A preliminary experience of retroperitoneal approach by partial resection of the tenth rib for repairing Crawford type Ⅳ thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and complex abdominal aortic aneurysm / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To evaluate a surgical approach for partial resection of the tenth rib through a retroperitoneal approach for the exposure of Crawford type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and complex abdominal aortic aneurysm from 2014 to 2019.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data and follow-up results of 7 patients who underwent treatment for Crawford type IV thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm and complex abdominal aortic aneurysm through partial resection of the tenth rib via a retroperitoneal approach.Results:One case (14.3%) had associated Marfan syndrome, and 5 cases (71.4%) underwent left renal artery reconstruction. None of the patients experienced severe complications such as cardiopulmonary complications or renal failure postoperatively, and there was no statistically significant difference in serum creatinine levels between preoperative and postoperative stages during hospitalization ( P=0.205). Follow-up examinations showed no long-term vascular stenosis. Conclusions:Partial resection of the tenth rib through a retroperitoneal approach can avoid incisions of the pleura and diaphragm. It allows for the exposure of the aorta below the diaphragm and has the ability to treat aortic diseases below the diaphragm with smaller incisions and lower complication risks.

Screening of EMT-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma and construction of ceRNA network / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To screen the epithelial mesenchymal transformation(EMT)-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma,perform functional enrichment analysis and construct protein interaction network(PPI).Ac-cording to the competitive endogenous RNA(ceRNA)hypothesis and the effect of gene expression on the prognosis of patients,the ceRNA network was constructed.Methods The differentially expressed genes be-tween lung adenocarcinoma tissues and normal tissues were screened by gene expression map and tumor ge-nome map database,and the genes were imported into GenClip3 to obtain EMT-related genes.Metascape was used to perform gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of gene and genome enrichment analysis,and STRING database was used to construct PPI and obtain EMT key genes.The relationship between key genes and prog-nosis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis.Analysis tools such as miRTarbase,miRNet database,and EN-CORI were used to construct ceRNA networks.Results In this study,156 lung adenocarcinoma EMT-related genes and their key genes cadherin 1,interleukin-6,matrix metalloproteinase-9,platelet endothelial cell adhe-sion molecule,cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A,α1-Ⅰcollagen gene,secreted phosphoprotein 1,TIMP in-hibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1,caveolin-1 and Zeste homologue enhance core 2(EZH2)-1 were identi-fied.The PPI of key genes was predicted,and the therapeutic drugs targeting these key genes including salvia miltiorrhiza,ginseng lu,ginseng leaf and ginseng flower were also predicted.The prognostic ceRNA regulatory network of EZH2/hsa-miR-101-3p/GSEC was constructed.Conclusion This study describes using bioinfor-matics methods system in the process of EMT gene interactions,according to the lung adenocarcinoma pa-tients clinical data to construct the prognosis of the EMT process related ceRNA network,for the treatment and prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma judgment provides a new way of thinking.

Regulative role of nitric oxide synthase in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury of ovariectomized rats / 中华老年心脑血管病杂志

Objective To investigate the role of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in the regulation of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury in ovariectomized(OVX)rats.Methods A total of 132 female SD rats were subjected,and 48 of them were randomly divided into sham operation group,IR group,OVX group and combined group,with 12 in each group.In order to explore the role of endothelous NOS(eNOS)and inducible NOS(iNOS)in ovariectomization increasing myo-cardial IR injury,another 84 mice were divided into negative sham group,negative IR group,nega-tive combined group,eNOS+IR group,eNOS combined group,iNOS small interfering RNA(si-iNOS)+IR group and si-iNOS combined group,with 12 in each group.The mice of the corre-sponding groups were injected with adeno-associated virus(AAV)overexpressing eNOS or knoc-king down iNOS via tail vein before OVX modeling.Myocardial infarct size,serum levels of lac-tate dehydrogenase(LDH)and creatine phosphokinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),LVEF,LVFS,and expression levels of eNOS and iNOS in the myocardial tissues were measured.Results The com-bined group had significantly increased level of iNOS in myocardium,larger myocardial infarct size and elevated serum LDH and CK-MB levels,but decreased myocardial expression of eNOS and LVEF and LVFS values than the IR group(P＜0.05).When compared with the negative combined group,the myocardial infarct size and serum LDH and CK-MB levels were decreased[(23.51±3.22)％and(26.21±2.93)％vs(58.78±5.42)％,(176.31±15.48 and 169.52±17.12 vs 328.85±37.12 U/L,35.41±6.41 and 34.77±5.94 vs 88.73±9.14 U/L,P＜0.05],and the LVEF and LVFS values were increased[(41.31±3.12)％and(42.09±3.41)％vs(30.77± 2.15)％,(21.47±1.57)％and(21.32±1.42)％vs(15.92±1.33)％,P＜0.05]in the eNOS com-bined group and si-iNOS combined group.Conclusion The decrease of eNOS expression and in-crease of iNOS expression are related to the aggravation of myocardial IR injury in OVX rats.

The prevalence of sexual violence against African women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: High rates of sexual violence ratios in low-income countries are recognized as a global public health problem. The incidence of violence against African women has been increasing. However, no study has systematically summarized the global prevalence of sexual violence against African woman. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, databases from their inception through January 2021 for pertinent studies on reporting the prevalence of sexual violence against African women. We included observational studies. The prevalence rate was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistic. Differences by study level characteristics were estimated through subgroup analysis and meta-regression. Results: A total of 9 cross-sectional studies were included (a total of 9,030 participants). The pooled sexual violence rate was 0.33 (95% CI = 0.23-0.42). Subgroup analyses found that there was a higher rates of sexual violence against pregnant woman in east Africa (0.41, 95% CI = 0.24-0.58), pregnant (0.42, 95% CI = 0.05-0.80), and interview (0.40, 95% CI = 0.01-0.78). The analysis found that the major sexual violence types were the physical violence (0.19, 95% CI = 0.07-0.31), psychological violence (0.36, 95% CI = 0.11-0.61), sexual assault (0.25, 95% CI = 0.02-0.47). Conclusions: Nearly one out of every three (33%) African woman around the world has been a victim of sexual violence in their life. This current study investigated the status and characteristics of sexual violence against women, which could provide an important reference for the African health care provider. Assessing this problem against African women helps government officials, policy makers, program designers and non-governmental organizations to design prevention and controlling strategies.

Economic evaluation of medication therapeutical management services for patients with stable coronary heart disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To ex plore the economic value of medication therapeutical management （MTM）service for patients with stable coronary disease. METHODS Totally 140 patients with stable coronary disease were divided into a control group and a intervention group ，70 cases in each group. Patients in control group were received routine medical services ，and patients in intervention group additionally received standardized MTM services on this basis. Medication complication ，satisfaction degree ， safety indexes and efficacy indexes were compared between 2 groups. From the perspective of the whole society ，the economic value of MTM service for patients with stable coronary disease were evaluated by pharmacists using cost minimization analysis. RESULTS A total of 15 patients did not complete the study ，including 5 cases in intervention group and 10 cases in control group ； there was no death endpoint during the follow-up period. MMAS- 8 score，satisfaction score of drug communication dimension and score of overall satisfactionin of intervention group were obviously higher than control group （P＜0.01）. There was no significant difference in blood pressure standard rate ，blood lipid standard rate ，the incidence of adverse drug reaction ，and the incidence of acute coronary events between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. The total cost of intervention group was lower than that of control group （P＜ 0.01）；the results of sensitivity analysis were consistent with those of cost minimization analysis. CONCLUSIONS Pharmacists implement MTM service for patients with stable coronary disease can reduce total cost ，save medical resources and has economic advantages.

Effects of handmaking and social skills training on quality of life of patients with schizophrenia / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the effect of hand making combined with social skills training on the self-care ability and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia.Methods:According to random number table method, totally 120 patients with schizophrenia admitted to the Second People ′s Hospital of Chuzhou City, Anhui Province from January to December 2019 were divided into observation and control groups, which had 60 patients in each groups, 10 cases and 7 cases fell off respectively. The control group received antipsychotic medication and routine nursing, meanwhile the general recreational activities (circles, radio exercises, etc.) and physical therapy were also carried out in the department and rehabilitation physical therapy center. The observation group was given hand making and social skills training for 12 weeks on the basis of the control group. The self-care ability and quality of life of patients in the two groups were compared before intervention, 6 and 12 weeks after intervention. Results:Before intervention, there was no statistical significance in the scores of World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) and Activities of Daily Living (ADL) in 2 groups ( P>0.05). After 6 and 12 weeks of intervention, ADL scores in the observation group were (96.40±3.79) and (98.50±2.53) points, while those in the control group were (93.96±4.31) and (94.06±4.28) points. And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were 3.38, 6.36, P<0.05). However, after 6 weeks of intervention, there was no significant difference in WHOQOL-BREF scores between the two groups ( P>0.05); after 12 weeks of intervention, the scores of WHOQOL-BREF in the domains of G1(patients′ self-rated quality of life), G4(patients′ satisfaction with self-rated health status), physiology, psychology, social relations and environment in the observation group were (3.76±1.14), (3.86±1.03), (14.83±2.56), (15.04±3.07), (14.72±3.67) (14.55±3.22) points. The scores of the control group were (3.00±0.83), (3.34±0.90), (12.79±2.06), (12.70±2.45), (12.70±3.06) and (12.64±2.42) points. And the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( t values were from 2.73 to 4.47, P<0.01). Conclusions:Hand making combined with social skills training can improve the self-care ability and quality of life of patients with schizophrenia, and it is an effective means of treatment to help the patients with schizophrenia to achieve recovery, out of the hospital, back to society.

Chemical Modifications of Peptides and Proteins with Low Concentration Formaldehyde Studied by Mass Spectrometry / 分析化学

Abstract Formaldehyde has been widely employed to immobilize clinical tissue specimens, inactivate toxins and viruses in biomedical fields. Formaldehyde can react with active groups in bio-molecules such as proteins, resulting in protein cross-linking, inactivation, and immobilization. By using several standard peptides and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus as experimental models, we studied the chemical modifications of peptides and proteins with formaldehyde by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nano-electrospray quadruple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The reaction between formaldehyde and peptides was performed under the same conditions as those during inactivation of virus (4℃, 0. 025% Formalin (V/V), 37% formaldehyde solution (w/w), and 72 h). The results indicated that under above conditions, formaldehyde could react with amino group of N-terminus of standard peptide to generate a methylol adduct, which was further condensed into an imine to generate+12 Da product. Besides, formaldehyde could react with side chain of two amino acids such as arginine and lysine, yielding +12 Da product respectively. The analysis of the reaction between formaldehyde and tryptic peptides from matrix protein of influenza virus showed that +24 Da products could be detected in most peptides due to combinational contribution from N-terminus of peptide (+12 Da ) and side chain of C-terminal arginine or lysine (+12 Da) . Moreover, a +36 Da product was detected for a peptide with miss-cut site. The results indicated that low-concentration formaldehyde primarily reacted with amino group on N-termini of peptides and proteins, as well as the side chains of arginine and lysine residues. The present study suggested an effective mass spectrometry-based method for analyzing the reaction between low-concentration formaldehyde and peptides and proteins, thus provided strategies for interpretation for the mass spectra of reaction products.

Assessing of genotoxicity of 16 centralized source-waters in China by means of the SOS/umu assay and the micronucleus test: initial identification of the potential genotoxicants by use of a GC/MS method and the QSAR Toolbox 3.0.

Only few studies were conducted to assess genotoxicity of centralized source waters in China and almost none of them dealt with the causal relationship between the genotoxic effect and genotoxicants. In this work, 16 centralized source waters in China were sampled from five river systems and genotoxicity of their organic extracts was assessed by use of the SOS/umu test for DNA-damaging effect and the miniaturized flow cytometry-based micronucleus (MN) test for chromosome-damaging effect. In addition, initial identification of potential genotoxicants for the six samples from the Yangtze River was done with a GC/MS method and the QSAR toolbox 3.0. The results demonstrate that eight samples showed both indirect and direct DNA-damaging effects, another four samples showed only indirect DNA-damaging effects, while chromosome-damaging effects were found for 14 out of the 16 samples, in which aneugenic and clastogenic modes of action were found for 4 and 10 samples, respectively. Both direct/indirect DNA-damaging effects and chromosome-damaging effects were induced by the six Yangtze River samples, and the existing different types of genotoxicant confirmed the results. Furthermore, o-phenylphenol was initially identified as the major cause for the DNA-damaging effects while PAHs, pesticides, phenol and anthraquinone were identified as ubiquitous chromosome-damaging agents among these samples. In conclusion, a combination of the SOS/umu test and the miniaturized flow cytometry-based MN test to detect both DNA-damaging and chromosome-damaging effects could be used as a comprehensive genotoxicity assessment tool for the evaluation and classification of genotoxicity of complex mixtures, and potential genotoxicants can be initially identified with additional information from chemical analysis and the QSAR toolbox.

Application of the SOS/umu test and high-content in vitro micronucleus test to determine genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of nine benzothiazoles.

Benzothiazole and benzothiazole derivatives (BTs) have been detected in various environmental matrices as well as in human beings, but little is currently available regarding their toxicities. In our study, genotoxicities of nine BTs (benzothiazole [BT], 2-chlorobenzothiazole [CBT], 2-bromobenzothiazole [BrBT], 2-fluorobenzothiazole [FBT], 2-methylbenzothiazole [MeBT], 2-mercaptobenzothiazole [MBT], 2-aminobenzothiazole [ABT], 2-hydroxy-benzothiazole [OHBT] and 2-methythiobenzothiazole [MTBT]) are comprehensively evaluated by the SOS/umu test using the bacterial Salmonella typhimurium TA1535/pSK1002 for DNA-damaging effect and the high content in vitro micronucleus test using two human carcinoma cells (MGC-803 and A549) for chromosome-damaging effect. The cytotoxicity of BTs on both bacteria and two human cells was also evaluated. Except for the cytotoxic effect of MBT on MGC-803 and A549, the other tested BTs showed more than 50% cytotoxicity at their highest concentrations in a dose-dependent manner, and their LC50s ranged from 19 (MBT in bacteria) to 270 mg l(-1) (CBT in A549). Activation and inactivation were observed for specific BTs after metabolism. On the other hand, no evidence of genotoxicity was obtained for BT, FBT and MBT, and DNA damage was induced by ABT, OHBT, BrBT and MTBT in MGC-803, by MeBT in A549 and by CBT in both cells. Through quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis, two structure alerts for chemical genotoxicity, including heterocyclic amine and hacceptor-path3-hacceptor are present in ABT and OHBT respectively; however, the underlying mechanisms still need further evaluation.

Single stage and staged cochlear implant for chronic suppurative otitis media suffers / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore and summarize the operation method and operation stage for cochlear implant with chronic suppurative otitis media, to provide the clinical reference for cochlear implant with chronic suppurative otitis media.@*METHOD@#The clinical data of 6 cases of cochlear implant with chronic suppurative otitis media from Jun 2006 to Mar 2009 in our hospital was analyzed retrospectively. The operation stage. surgical skill, possible risk and prognosis was analyzed and summarized.@*RESULT@#3 of 6 cases received single stage subtotal petrosectomy and cochlear implant. 3 of 6 cases received subtotal petrosectomy, they received staged cochlear implant 1 to 6 months later. No complications occurred, all of the cochlear implanted had good open set speech perception.@*CONCLUSION@#Staged operation was the first choice for cochlear implant with chronic suppurative otitis media. Single stage operation took potential risks, it should be done cautiously. The key points for the operation was the clearance of the pathological tissue totally, this required good surgical skill and operation instrument.

Analysis of environmental endocrine disrupting activities in wastewater treatment plant effluents using recombinant yeast assays incorporated with exogenous metabolic activation system / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To measure the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in wastewater and evaluate the EDCs removal efficiencies in the municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A battery of in vitro recombinant yeast bioassays incorporated with exogenous metabolic activation system (rat liver preparation, S9 mix) was conducted to assess the estrogen receptor (ER), androgen receptor (AR), progesterone receptor (PR), and thyroid receptor (TR) ant/agonistic activities of effluents collected from Datansha WWTP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The indirect estrogenic, anti-androgenic, anti-progesteronic, and anti-thyroidic activities were observed in the influent. The removal efficiencies of EDCs were above 74%, suggesting that the present wastewater treatment processes were good enough to remove most of these indirect endocrine disrupting chemicals.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The incorporation of exogenous metabolic capacity into the test system was valid for the study of indirect effects on ER, AR, PR, and TR.</p>

Construction and screening of a cDNA expresssion library of Clonorchis sinensis adult worm / 中国兽医学报

In order to screen antigenic genes of Clonorchis sinensis (C.sinensis).Firstly,a cDNA expression library from adult worms of C.sinensis was successfully constructed with lambda ZAP express vector.Total RNA of C.sinensis adult worms were extracted by the Trizol reagent and mRNA were further purified through oligo-dT cellulose.The first strand eDNA was synthesized by using MMLV reverse transcriptase.After the synthesis of the second strand,the cDNA were purified by CHROMA SPIN-400 kit and then ligated with lambda ZAP express vector,then packaged in vitro and amplified.The original library contained 1.5 × 106 pfu cDNA clones,the titer of amplified library reached 1.5 × 1010 pfu/mL,in which about 99% clones were recombinants and most of insert DNA fragments were 0.4-2.0 kb.Secondly,immunoscreened using the naturely infected man serum from C.sinensis.The positive clones were sequenced and analyzed.From 2.0 × 105 recombinant clones of the eDNA library,41 positive clones were obtained.Sequence analysis indicated that the cDNAs encoded proteins including glycine rich antigen 2,proline rich antigen 2 and antigen Cs44 from C.sinensis,anothers were lower similarity to predicted protein from Nematostella vectensis,transcription elongation factor GreA from Bartonella quintana str.Toulouse and NM_132090 CG3446 gene product in Drosophila melanogaster from Schistosoma japonicum.These data may form a foundation for identifying recombinant antigens that can be used in the diagnosis or vaccination against clonorchiasis.

Determination of Trace Selenium in Environmental Waters After Microwave Digestion and Fluorometric Determination with 2,3-Diamino-naphthalene / 分析化学

A new approach, combining microwave digestion and sensitive determination of selenium by a normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography after derivatization with 2,3-diamino-naphthalene was proposed to the measurements of trace selenium concentration in natural waters. Two digestions systems, I.e. HNO3 and H2SO4-H2O2, were evaluated and their working conditions were optimized. Under optimal conditions, this approach provides a detection limit of 7.2 pg (with HNO3） or 10.4 pg (with H2SO4-H2O2）, a recovery of 99.1%～103.4%, as well as a linear range of 0～1.5 ng Se(Ⅳ). The approach was applied to determine Se concentration in 4 different types of environmental waters (sample volume: 2 mL) and the concentration levels of 0.20～0．90　μg/L were found, with recoveries of 99.1%～103．4% by standard addition.