Synergistic effect of thymoquinone and nystatin in the treatment of oral candidiasis; an in vitro study.

The effectiveness of antifungal agents may be insufficient against resistant strains in some cases of oral candidiasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal effect of thymoquinone against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida glabrata and Candida krusei strains and the synergistic antifungal activity of these strains in combination with nystatin. To evaluate in vitro antifungal activity and interactions between thymoquinone and nystatin, substances were tested against Candida albicans ATCC 10,231, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, C.krusei ATCC 6258 and C. glabrata ATCC 2001 standard strains both individually and combinationally via microdilution method. MIC and ΣFIC index value were analysed. The Kruskal Wallis test and Bonferroni test were used for statistical evaluations. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. A statistically significant difference was observed between the mean ranks of all Candida species and doses of thymoquinone, nystatin, and the combination thymoquinone-nystatin (p < 0.05). MIC values for thymoquinone were determined as 15 µg/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei while it was 30 µg/mL for C. glabrata. Moreover, MIC for nystatin was found as 1.875 µg/mL for C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. krusei, whereas it was 7.5 µg/mL in C. glabrata. Interaction assays and ΣFIC index value revealed that, TQ and nystatin have a synergistic effect against to all strains. Thymoquinone was found to have antifungal activity on Candida species and synergistic effect when combined with nystatin.

Comparison of stresses in monoblock tilted implants and conventional angled multiunit abutment-implant connection systems in the all-on-four procedure.

BACKGROUND: The All-on-four dental implant method is an implantology method designed to provide a comfortable prosthetic treatment option by avoiding advanced surgical procedures. This research aims to compare and evaluate the stress and tension values in conventional angled multiunit abutment-implant connection systems and monoblock dental implants used in the all-on-four procedure with finite element analysis. METHODS: Two master models were created by placing four implants connected to multiunit abutments (group A) in the interforaminal region of a completely edentulous mandible and four monoblock implants (group B) in the same region of another completely edentulous mandible. Group A implants were classified according to their diameter as follows: 3.5 mm (M1A), 4.0 mm (M2A), and 4.5 mm (M3A). Similarly, group B implants were classified as M1B, M2B, and M3B. In the six models rehabilitated with acrylic fixed prostheses, a 100 N force was applied to the anterior implant region, and a 250 N force was applied to the posterior cantilever in both axial and 30° oblique directions. Von Mises stresses were analyzed in the bone and implant regions of all models. RESULTS: M1A and M1B, M2A and M2B, and M3A and M3B were compared with each other under axial and oblique forces. The maximum Von Mises stresses in the bone around implants and the prosthesis screws, and the maximum and minimum principal stresses in the cortical and trabecular bone in group A models were significantly higher than those in group B models. CONCLUSIONS: In monoblock implant systems under axial and oblique forces, higher stress is accumulated in the bone, prosthesis screw and implant compared to multiunit abutment-implant connection systems.

YouTube video analysis as a source of information for patients on impacted canine.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate video content on YouTube™ related to impacted canine and impacted canine surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, the term "impacted canine tooth" was searched on YouTube™. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant videos, non-English-language videos, no audio-no video contents, sixty-one videos were independently examined by 3 reviewers. Videos were categorized as "not useful", "slightly useful", "moderately useful", and "very useful" by using an 8-point score list for evaluating the value of the videos in providing patients information about impacted canine teeth and surgery. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and differences between groups were compared with Kruskal-Wallis. Correlations were analysed using Spearman test. Statistical significance was set P<0.05. RESULTS: Most of the videos, 42.6%, n=26 were uploaded by healthcare professionals [dentists, orthodontists, surgeons] and 29,5%, n=18 were uploaded by laypersons for sharing personal experiences. There were 3 [4.9%] not useful videos, 15 [24.5%] slightly useful videos, 27 [44.2%] moderately useful videos, and 16 [26.2%] very useful videos. There was no significant difference between the viewing rate according to the source of upload [P=0.398>0.05]. There was a significant difference between the interaction index according to the source of upload. This difference was in the laypersons and the others [.033<05]. CONCLUSION: Healthcare specialists should be aware of the content of the video-sharing platforms and direct their patients to correct and reliable e-information resources.

Potential Patient Education of YouTube Videos Related to Wisdom Tooth Surgical Removal.

This present study aimed to evaluate the education of YouTube videos about wisdom tooth surgical removal for viewers. In this study, the term "wisdom tooth surgical removal" was searched on YouTube. After excluding duplicates, irrelevant videos, non-English-language videos; 92 relevant videos in English were independently examined by 3 reviewers. The videos were categorized as 'poor', 'moderate' and 'excellent' by scoring 9 points in order to evaluate the information they provided to the audience. Chi-square test was performed for categorical variables and differences between groups were compared with ANOVA-Kruskal Wallis. Correlations were analyzed using Pearson and Spearman test. Statistical significance was set P < 0.05. Majority of the videos (63%, n = 58) were uploaded by layperson for sharing personal experience, 19.6%, (n = 18) healthcare professionals (dentist, orthodontist, surgeon). There were 64 (69.6%) not useful videos, 19 (20.7%) moderately useful videos, and 9 (9.8%) very useful videos. There is no significant correlation between efficiency ratio and source of upload (P > 0.05). There is a significant relationship between efficiency ratio and interaction index (P = 0.019 < 0.05). Interaction indexes of poor useful videos are more than others. There is a significant relationship between the type of video and video demographics (all data' significant values < 0.05). Mean values of patient's experience are more than others. Healthcare professionals should be aware of the accuracy of information on the internet in order to guide patients.

Are YouTube Videos Useful for Patients Interested in Botulinum Toxin for Bruxism?

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to evaluate the quality of provided information from YouTube videos (Google LLC, San Bruno, California) related to botulinum toxin injections for bruxism treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a search of YouTube videos was conducted using the search term "Botox/bruxism." The first 150 videos were initially screened. After exclusions, the remaining 97 videos were independently examined by 3 researchers regarding demographic data and the content's usefulness. All videos were classified according to a usefulness score as poor, moderate, or excellent by evaluating content quality and flow. General video assessment included duration, views, "likes," "dislikes," and comments. Video content was analyzed by an 8-point score list. All videos were classified based on sources (universities and hospitals, health care professionals, health companies, individual users, or others) and types (patient's experience, educational, or scientifically erroneous or unproven information). The obtained data were analyzed according to the usefulness score. For statistical analysis, the χ2 test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson test were performed. Interobserver agreement was calculated as the κ score. RESULTS: The usefulness scores of the included videos ranged from poor (0) to excellent (2) (mean, 0.65). When video demographic data were compared with the usefulness score, the durations of excellent and moderate videos were statistically significantly longer than those of poor videos (P = .022 and P < .05, respectively). However, no statistically significant differences were found between the usefulness score and the number of views, likes, dislikes, and comments (P > .05). A statistically significant relationship was found between video demographic data and the source of upload (P < .05). The videos uploaded by individual users were longer than the other videos and had higher numbers of likes, dislikes, and comments than the other videos (P < .05). No significant correlation was found between video usefulness and the source of upload (P = .697) or type of video (P = .228). CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals should assess YouTube videos related to Botox (Botox, Allergan, Inc, Irvine, California) and bruxism for clinical accuracy and content quality and recommend to patients those videos that meet professionals' standards and achieve the intended educational goals.

Comparison of effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation and Kinesio Taping added to exercises in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Although there are several studies of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and exercise in myofascial pain syndrome, there are no studies comparing the effectiveness of Kinesio Taping (KT) and TENS in myofascial pain syndrome patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the early and late effects of TENS and KT on pain, disability and range of motion in myofascial pain syndrome patients. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were divided into three groups randomly as TENS+Exercise, KT+Exercise and exercise groups. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), pain threshold, Neck Disability Index and cervical contralateral lateral flexion were employed in the evaluation of the patients performed before treatment, after treatment and 3rd month after treatment. RESULTS: The VAS, pain threshold, Neck Disability Index and contralateral lateral flexion values were improved in all groups both in after treatment and 3rd month after treatment (p< 0.01). In the comparison of after treatment vs. before treatment evaluations, VAS score was decreased in KT group compared to the TENS and control group (p= 0.001), in the TENS group compared to control group (p= 0.011). In the comparison of 3rd month and before treatment evaluations, VAS score was decreased in the TENS group compared to control group (p= 0.001) and in the KT group compared to the control group (p= 0.001). There was no significant difference between TENS and KT groups. All other parameters did not differ between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: TENS and KT added exercises can decrease pain severity and increase pain threshold, function and cervical range of motion in myofascial pain syndrome patients. Addition of TENS or KT to the exercise therapy resulted in more significant improvement compared to exercise therapy alone with a more pronounced improvement in KT group compared to the TENS group in the early period. Because KT was found to be more effective in decreasing the pain and had the advantage of being used in every 3 days, it seems to be beneficial in acute painful periods in myofascial pain syndrome patients.