Influence of multifrequency vibration on the optical performance of diamond-turned optics and its elimination method.

In this work, to reveal the underlying mechanism of the influence of multifrequency vibration on the optical performance of diamond-turned optics, a systematic simulation investigation is performed using Fourier modal method and fast Fourier transformation based on a well-established surface topography model. Both the simulation results and the experimental observations demonstrate that the center area is the most heavily influenced region on the machined surface, which is closely associated with the distribution of the surface roughness under multifrequency vibration. The vibration amplitude has a visible impact on the specular reflectivity, and with an increase in vibration amplitude, the specular reflectivity in the center area obviously decreases, while the specular reflectivity in remote areas basically remains invariant. To eliminate the negative effect in relation to the vibration, a two-step process technology is developed that includes a strict spindle balance and the optimization of process parameters, particularly the depth of cut and the spindle speed. The cutting experiments further validate the effectiveness of the proposed technology for elimination of the negative effect concerning multifrequency vibration.

Influence of tool edge waviness on the diffraction effect of diamond-turned optics: theoretical simulation and experimental validation.

In this work, the influence of tool edge waviness on the diffraction effect of diamond-turned optics is simulated theoretically and further validated experimentally. In simulation, a 3D surface topography model with consideration of the influence of tool edge waviness is established, in which the variation of tool edge profile is estimated by a linear model in relation to the cutting distance. The results show that the diffraction effect represented in simulation is consistent with the experimental observation. With the deterioration of tool edge waviness, the diffraction efficiency of the specular light decreases, but the high-order diffracted light intensively distributes in the horizontal direction on the receiving screen. Such observation can be attributed to the subgrating effect induced by the periodic duplication of the tool edge profile on the machined surface, which heavily depends on the deterioration of tool edge waviness. Finally, a waviness-controlled diamond tool is recommended to finish a diffraction-free optics by the diamond turning process. Moreover, the diffraction effect can also be employed to monitor the dynamic wear of the cutting tool in diamond turning.

Diffraction effect and its elimination method for diamond-turned optics.

In the visible light band, the diffraction effect of a diamond-turned surface will cause the optical performance to heavily deteriorate. Due to the insufficient understanding of diffraction effect, post-treatment, such as polishing technology has to be fulfilled. To reveal the origins of diffraction effect of the diamond-turned surface under visible light, theoretical analyses are carried out with consideration of the influencing factors in diamond turning. Simulation results, coupled with experimental observations, demonstrate that the periodic components of surface roughness are responsible for the diffraction light distribution in the horizontal direction of the receiving screen. However, the aperiodic components of surface roughness, derived from defects in material matrix, result in the diffraction spots on the whole receiving screen. To directly eliminate the diffraction effect in diamond turning, a novel method-with control on tool edge quality, material defects, and processing parameters-is proposed. The measurement results prove the effectiveness of this method, and the diffraction-free surface finish without any post-treatment is successfully acquired.

[Relationship between syndrome types of TCM in lung neoplasm patients and peripheral T lymphocyte subsets, carcino-embryonic antigen].

Fifty-six cases with lung carcinoma were detected for peripheral blood T lymphocyte by direct staphylococcal protein A (SPA) bacterial rose ring for carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) by radioimmunoassay, and the relationship between T lymphocyte. CEA and Syndrome of TCM was explored. The results were as follows:the values of OKT3, OKT4, OKT4/OKT8 were lower in the lung carcinoma than that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05-0.01), but OKT8 was higher (P < 0.05); The values of T lymphocyte lowered or increased in the order of Yin Deficiency with internal Heat, Qi Stagnation with blood stasis, Phlegm-Dampness in Lung, Qi-Yin Deficiency, but that of CEA was the highest in Qi-stagnation with blood stasis. There was a significant difference between all Syndrome-types of TCM and the healthy subjects (P < 0.01). Therefore, it is suggested that the values of peripheral T lymphocytes and CEA with the lung carcinoma were regarded as good referential parameters in reflection the condition of Deficiency in Vitality and Excess in Superficiality, which offered the objective evidence for the TCM treatment.

[Effect of yishen jianpi drugs on T lymphocyte subsets, soluble interleukin-2 receptor and red blood cell immunity of senile deficiency syndrome patients].

UNLABELLED: To evaluate the effect of Yishen Jianpi drugs (YJD) on immunological function of the Senile Deficiency Syndrome (SDS) patients, T lymphocyte subsets, soluble interleukin-2 receptor (SIL-2 R), the red blood cell immunity, the rate of red blood cell C 3b receptor rosette (RBC-C 3 bRR) and red blood cell immune complex rosette (RBC-ICR) were dynamically investigated in 31 SDS patients as well as in normal controls. RESULTS: the percentage of CD3, CD4 and CD4/CD8 ratio and the rate of RBC-C 3 bRR in SDS were all significantly lower than that of control (P < 0.01). The further analysis also revealed that between the immunological indices of CD4/CD8 ratio and SIL-2 R in SDS patients were markedly negative correlated (r = -0.572, P < 0.01) while positive correlated (r = 0.435, P < 0.02) markedly between CD4/CD8 and RBC-C 3 bRR. After treatment with YJD, in comparing pretreatmentally, all the above-mentioned immunological indices, following the relief of clinical manifestation of SDS, they were corresponding negatively changed, and there were marked significance (P < 0.01) except red blood cell immunity. It suggested that YJD would markedly improve and/or regulate immunological function in SDS.