A bifunctional surfactant-like electrolyte additive for a stable lithium metal anode.

Nonafluorobutanesulfonyl fluoride (NtF) was developed as a bifunctional additive for enhancing the stability of the lithium metal anode. NtF can yield Nt+ and LiF. The presence of lithiophobic and lithiophilic groups in Nt+ facilitates the uniform deposition of Li+, while LiF contributes to forming a stable solid electrolyte interphase.

Reactivation of an air-passivated lithium metal anode through halogen regulation.

A comprehensive study was conducted to investigate the failure mechanism of the lithium metal anode (LMA) in air. Simultaneously, an effective reactivation strategy was developed using halogen regulation. Specifically, iodine treatment converts the passivation layer of the exposed Li into LiI with fast Li+ transport ability, thereby improving the electrochemical performance.