Serum and cutaneous transcriptional expression levels of IL31 are minimal in cutaneous T cell lymphoma variants.

AIM: Recent studies suggested a role for IL31 in the pathogenesis of pruritus and disease severity in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL). However, discrepant results were reported for IL31 serum levels, transcriptional expression levels or immunohistochemistry studies and its relation to pruritus intensity and/or disease severity in CTCL. Most studies did not distinguish between different CTCL variants. We investigated IL31 serum levels in different subtypes of CTCL, including Mycosis Fungoides (MF) (typically not pruritic), Folliculotropic Mycosis Fungoides (FMF) and Sézary syndrome (SS) (both often pruritic). METHODS: From 54 CTCL patients (17 SS, 21 FMF and 16 classic MF) serum samples were analyzed with a high sensitivity V-PLEX immunoassay for IL31. The study group included 35/54 (65%) patients with complaints of pruritus. Thirty-five patients had advanced stage disease (≥stage IIB). A visual analog scale score (VAS score) for pruritus was available in 29 CTCL patients (7 SS, 9 FMF and 13 classic MF) and in other cases complaints of pruritus were retrieved from medical records. qPCR analyses for IL31 expression were performed in lesional skin biopsies from 8 CTCL patients. Serum samples from 4 healthy individuals without pruritus and from 5 atopic dermatitis (AD) patients with severe pruritus were included as controls. RESULTS: In 11/54 (20%) of CTCL patients low serum levels of IL31 were detected (mean 0.48 pg/mL, range 0.20-1.39 pg/mL) including 6/17 (35%) SS patients (mean 0.57 pg/mL) and 5/21 (24%) FMF patients (mean 0.33 pg/mL). All 11 patients with detectable levels of IL31 reported complaints of moderate to severe pruritus and 9/11 patients presented with advanced stage disease (≥IIB). qPCR analyses resulted in lowly expressed IL31 expression levels in 4 of 8 patients; these patients all suffered from pruritus and advanced stage disease. CONCLUSIONS: Translational and transcriptional expression levels of IL31 were very low or undetectable in CTCL patients. Detectable low IL31 serum levels were exclusively observed in SS and FMF patients and not in patients with classic MF. However, these marginal IL31 levels in a small proportion of CTCL patients do not support an essential role for IL31 in CTCL patients.

A restricted clonal T-cell receptor αß repertoire in Sézary syndrome is indicative of superantigenic stimulation.

BACKGROUND: Sézary syndrome (SS) is a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma characterized by erythroderma, lymphadenopathy and malignant clonal T cells in the skin, lymph nodes and peripheral blood. A role for superantigens in the pathogenesis of SS has been postulated before. OBJECTIVES: To investigate a putative involvement of chronic (super-)antigenic stimulation in driving T-cell expansion in SS. METHODS: Antigenic specificity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) was assayed by molecular analysis of the TCRA (n=11) and TCRB (n=28) genes, followed by detailed in silico analysis. RESULTS: Sequence analysis of clonally rearranged TCRB genes showed over-representation of Vß8, Vß13, Vß17, Vß21 and Vß22, and under-representation of Vß2 and Jß1.1 when compared with healthy controls. No similarity was detected in amino acid motifs of the complementarity determining region 3 (CDR3). Analysis of TCRA rearrangements showed that there was no common Vα or Jα gene usage, and that TCRA CDR3 amino acid motifs were not highly similar. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of clear stereotypic TCRA and TCRB CDR3 amino acid motifs would argue against involvement of a single common antigen in the pathogenesis of SS. Nevertheless, the skewing of Vß and Jß gene usage does seem to point to a restricted TCR repertoire, possibly as a result of superantigenic selection prior to neoplastic transformation.