Cpd-0225 attenuates renal fibrosis via inhibiting ALK5.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing public health concern, characterized by a reduced glomerular filtration rate and increased urinary albumin excretion. Renal fibrosis is an important pathological condition in patients with CKD. In this study, we evaluated the anti-fibrotic effect of Cpd-0225, a novel transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) type I receptor (also known as ALK5) inhibitor, in vitro and in vivo, by comparing its effect with that of SB431542, a classic ALK5 inhibitor, which has not entered the clinical trial stage owing to multiple side effects. Our data showed that Cpd-0225 attenuated fibrotic response in TGF-ß1-stimulated human kidney tubular epithelial cells and repeated hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated mouse tubular epithelial cells. We further confirmed that Cpd-0225 improved renal tubular injury and ameliorated collagen deposition in unilateral ureteral obstruction-, ischemia/reperfusion-, and aristolochic acid-induced mouse models of renal fibrosis. In addition, molecular docking and site-directed mutagenesis showed that Cpd-0225 exerted a higher reno-protective effect than SB431542, by physically binding to the key amino acid residues, Lys232 and Lys335 of ALK5, thereby suppressing the phosphorylation of Smad3 and ERK1/2. Taken together, these findings suggest that Cpd-0225 administration attenuates renal fibrosis via ALK5-dependent mechanisms and displays a more effective therapeutic effect than SB431542. Thus, Cpd-0225 may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of CKD.

Overexpression of EPAC2 reduces the invasion of glioma cells via MMP-2.

Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate- determined signaling pathway intercessors, which are associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders and numerous human diseases. To the best of our knowledge, the role of EPAC2 signaling via matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in the pathogenesis of glioma has not been studied. Therefore, the present study focused on the role of EPAC2 in glioma, and assessed the invasiveness of human glioma cell lines following EPAC2 overexpression. Expression levels of EPAC2 in normal brain tissues and clinical glioma specimens were detected by western blotting. An EPAC2 overexpression vector was transfected into U251 and U87 cell lines to increase the expression levels of EPAC2. Expression levels of MMP-2 were detected by western blotting, and the invasive abilities of glioma cells were detected by a Transwell assay. EPAC2 was relatively highly expressed in normal brain tissue, while EPAC2 expression was significantly decreased in clinical glioma specimens (P<0.01). In vitro transfection of EPAC2 overexpression vector significantly reduced the MMP-2 protein levels of glioma cells, and, at the same time, the invasive cell number was significantly decreased in a Transwell assay. The present study demonstrated that MMP-2 regulation via EPAC2 overexpression is a novel promising therapeutic route in malignant types of glioma.

Risk factors associated with the severity of diabetic retinopathy in Qingdao / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM:To investigate and analyse the prevalence and risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy severity in Qingdao. ·METHODS: This survey consisted of the 2 following parts: 2859 community residents aged >60 years old and 4275 patients with T2DM who were older than 30 years old in Qingdao. Ophthalmic examinations were performed on all patients. A questionnaire was used to obtain the patient's age and gender, the duration of diabetes mellitus(DM), glycaemic control and their knowledge of diabetic retinopathy ( DR ). Blood pressure and haemoglobin levels were recorded. All included patients underwent a comprehensive ophthalmic examination that included a fundus examination and retinal photographs and that assigned a grade for the severity of retinopathy according to the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) severity scale. Patients with severe non-proliferative or proliferative diabetic retinopathy and clinically significant macular edema ( CSME ) required ophthalmic therapy were assigned to the need-treatment group, while the remaining patients with DR were assigned to the need-observation group. Correlation and regression analyses were performed to determine the required-treatment rate and risk factors for DR. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjustment for age, gender and the duration of diabetes. ·RESULTS: DR was present in 334 (11. 68% ) of the 2859 community residents aged > 60 years old and 1097 (25. 66% ) of the 4275 hospital patients with T2DM, and 48 (14. 81% ) of the residents and 172 ( 15. 68% ) of the hospital patients required ophthalmic therapy. In univariate and multivariate logistic analyses, factors including the age of the patients (51-60 years old: OR, 1. 68; 95% CI, 1. 21-1. 72; 61-70 years old: OR, 1. 55;95% CI, 1. 38-1. 76), the duration of diabetes (11-15 years:OR, 2. 61; 95% CI, 1. 51-4. 72; >15 years: OR, 4. 15; 95% CI, 2. 32-5. 77), glycaemic control (medium: OR, 2. 51;95%CI,1.98-3.92;poor:OR,4.69;95%CI,3.39-6.95), and knowledge of DR ( did not understand: OR, 1. 45;95%CI, 1. 21-1. 95) were significantly associated with the required-treatment rate in DR, while gender, low and advanced age ( 31-50 years old and >70 years old ), duration of disease (<10y), hypertension, and insulin treatment did not. ·CONCLUSION: The prevalence rate and the required-treatment rate in DR in Qingdao are relatively high. Being aged 51-70 years old and having a duration of diabetes>10y, poor glycaemic control and a lack of knowledge of DR were found to be potential risk factors that increased the rate of required ophthalmic therapy in patients with DR. In patients with T2DM who were aged 51-70 years old, we found that focusing on using science and education to strengthen the patients' knowledge of DR, establishing specifications for a community DR screening system, and effectively implementing early intervention in the community of DR - affected individuals were particularly important for preventing and controlling the high DR prevalence and the high rate of DR-associated blindness

Synthesis of the related substances of aprepitant / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective To synthesize four related substances:1b,1c,1d,and 1e according to the synthetic process of aprepi-tant and its quality standard of USP and EP. Methods The impurities 1b,1c,and 1d were synthesized from 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl) acetophenone through asymmetrical catalytic reduction reaction,condensation reaction,Grignard reaction ,catalytic hydrogenation and substitution. The impurity 1e was synthesized from(R)-α-methylbenzylamine through 7 reaction steps including esterification,reduc-tion,condensation ect. Results All the four related substances were confirmed by LC-MS and NMR. The results indicated that purity of the product surpassed 95%through HPLC. Conclusion These related substances can be taken as the references for the quality con-trol of aprepitant.

Effects of Separate and Direct Bee Sting Punctures at Acupoints on ESR and RF in Rheumatoid Arthritis / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To investigate the effects of separate and direct bee sting punctures at acupoints on ESR and RF in rheumatoid arthritis. Method Seventy-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to observation and control groups, 36 cases each. The observation group received separate bee sting puncture at acupoints and the control group, direct bee sting puncture at acupoints. In both groups, treatment was given once every other day, three times a week, one week as a course, for two courses. ESR and RF were measured in the two groups before treatment and at one and two weeks after. Result ESR and RF changed significantly in both groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.05). The effects of the two treatments on rheumatoid arthritis-related ESR and RF were equal and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both separate and direct bee sting punctures at acupoints can reduce ESR and RF in rheumatoid arthritis. Separate bee sting puncture at acupoints is easy for the patients to accept.

Clinical Observation of Ling Gui Ba Fa Time-based Points Selection in Treating Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa (eight magic turtle techniques) time-based points selection method and ordinary acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to spleen-stomach deficiency.Method Sixty patients were randomized intoLing Gui Ba Fa group and ordinary acupuncture group, 30 cases each. InLing Gui Ba Fa group, Gongsun (SP4) was selected as the host point, Neiguan (PC6) as the guest point, and Dachangshu (BL25), Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Pishu (BL20) and Zusanli (ST36) as the adjunctive points; in the ordinary acupuncture group, Gongsun and Neiguan were selected as the major points, and Dachangshu, Tianshu, Shangjuxu, Sanyinjiao, Pishu and Zusanli were selected as the adjunctive points. The acupuncture treatments were conducted 3 times a week (the practitioner would make appointment with patient at a convenient time if Gongsun had multiple activation time points according toLing Gui Ba Fa), 10 sessions as a course of treatment. Before and after the intervention, the two groups of patients were evaluated by using the traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and syndromes scale and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and clinical efficacy was also observed.Result The control rate was 86.7% inLing Gui Ba Fa group versus 73.3% in the ordinary acupuncture group, and the therapeutic efficacy ofLing Gui Ba Fa group was significantly better than that of the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01); after the treatment, the scores in rating symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the declines of scores inLing Gui Ba Fa group were more significant than those in the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01).ConclusionLing Gui Ba Fa time-based points selection method can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome.

Clinical Observation of Ling Gui Ba Fa Time-based Points Selection in Treating Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome / 上海针灸杂志

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa (eight magic turtle techniques) time-based points selection method and ordinary acupuncture in treating diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) due to spleen-stomach deficiency.Method Sixty patients were randomized intoLing Gui Ba Fa group and ordinary acupuncture group, 30 cases each. InLing Gui Ba Fa group, Gongsun (SP4) was selected as the host point, Neiguan (PC6) as the guest point, and Dachangshu (BL25), Tianshu (ST25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Sanyinjiao (SP6), Pishu (BL20) and Zusanli (ST36) as the adjunctive points; in the ordinary acupuncture group, Gongsun and Neiguan were selected as the major points, and Dachangshu, Tianshu, Shangjuxu, Sanyinjiao, Pishu and Zusanli were selected as the adjunctive points. The acupuncture treatments were conducted 3 times a week (the practitioner would make appointment with patient at a convenient time if Gongsun had multiple activation time points according toLing Gui Ba Fa), 10 sessions as a course of treatment. Before and after the intervention, the two groups of patients were evaluated by using the traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and syndromes scale and irritable bowel syndrome quality of life questionnaire (IBS-QOL), and clinical efficacy was also observed.Result The control rate was 86.7% inLing Gui Ba Fa group versus 73.3% in the ordinary acupuncture group, and the therapeutic efficacy ofLing Gui Ba Fa group was significantly better than that of the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01); after the treatment, the scores in rating symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal bloating and abdominal pain were significantly lower than those before the treatment in both groups (P<0.01), and the declines of scores inLing Gui Ba Fa group were more significant than those in the ordinary acupuncture group (P<0.01).ConclusionLing Gui Ba Fa time-based points selection method can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome.

Impact of Intraoperative Blood Pressure Control and Temporary Parent Artery Blocking on Prognosis in Cerebral Aneurysms Surgery / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Objective In cerebral aneurysm clipping and embolization, blood pressure control and temporary parent artery blocking are common methods to prevent aneurysm rupture. Their influence on the prognosis is uncertain. In this study, we try to find out the association between methods above and prognostic indicators.Methods We held a retrospective analysis on patients' medical records of cerebral aneurysms surgical clipping and endovascular coiling , and recorded gender, age, diagnosis, Hunt-Hess grade, Glasgow coma scale score, treatment methods, a history of hypertension, preoperative systolic blood pressure, with or without controlled hypotension, systolic blood pressure difference before and after controlled hypotension, with or without temporary artery blocking, with or without hypertension after treated aneurysm, prognostic indicators including mortality after 1 month, intensive care unit (ICU) stay time of survivors, discharged Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) score. Prognostic indicators were regarded as dependent variable, all the factors were regarded as independent variable, and the strength analysis of influence factors on prognostic indicators was made by binary logistic regression.Results Total cases were 165, including 68 males and 97 females, with an average age of 56 (12-85) years. The mortality after 1 month was 10.9% (18 cases). The ICU stay time of survivors was 7.35 (0-67) days. GOS score at discharge was 1-3 in 40 (24.2%) patients and 4-5 in 125 (75.8%) patients. Systolic blood pressure difference before and after controlled hypotension was an independent factor influencing mortality (t=2.273, P=0.024), and the greater the difference was, the higher the mortality would be. Timely hypertension after aneurysm treated was an independent factor affecting ICU stay time of survivors and patients with hypertension had shorter ICU stay time (χ=10.017, P=0.001). Blood pressure control (χ=0.088, P=0.767) and temporary blocking (χ=1.307, P=0.253) did not show significant influence on GOS score at discharge.Conclusions Timely controlled hypertension after aneurysm clipping and embolization can significantly shorten the stay time in ICU. The degree of controlled hypotension associates with postoperative mortality, the greater systolic blood pressure difference before and after antihypertensive treatment is, the higher the mortality will be.

A non-fullerene electron acceptor based on fluorene and diketopyrrolopyrrole building blocks for solution-processable organic solar cells with an impressive open-circuit voltage.

A novel solution-processable non-fullerene electron acceptor 6,6'-(5,5'-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(thiophene-5,2-diyl))bis(2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3-(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione) (DPP1) based on fluorene and diketopyrrolopyrrole conjugated moieties was designed, synthesized and fully characterized. DPP1 exhibited excellent solubility and high thermal stability which are essential for easy processing. Upon using DPP1 as an acceptor with the classical electron donor poly(3-hexylthiophene), solution processable bulk-heterojunction solar cells afforded a power conversion efficiency of 1.2% with a high open-circuit voltage (1.1 V). As per our knowledge, this value of open circuit voltage is one of the highest values reported so far for a bulk-heterojunction device using DPP1 as a non-fullerene acceptor.

Effect of gradient decompression on the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and prognosis in traumatic brain injury.

AIM: To investigate the effect of gradient decompression on the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and prognosis in traumatic brain injury. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 186 hospitalized patients from January, 2008 to January, 2012 in the Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University. Demographic data, the abnormality of pupils, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) before operation, and gradient decompression measures, and intraoperative hypotension during operation, and mortality after operation were recorded. Gradient decompression measures were mannitol, hyperventilation, graded craniotomy, and Chi-square test was conducted to evaluate the association of gradient decompression with intraoperative hypotension and prognosis. RESULTS: All the gradient decompression measures were shown non-significantly associated with the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and prognosis, including mannitol (p=0.852, p=0.328), hyperventilation (p=0.484, p=0.619) and graded craniotomy (p=0.326, p=0.605). Mannitol with hyperventilation (p=0.733, p=0.758), mannitol with graded craniotomy (p=0.319, p=1.000), hyperventilation with graded craniotomy (p=0.269, p=0.685) and all the three measures (p=0.135, p=0.589) were also non-significantly associated with the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and prognosis. The abnormality of pupils (p=0.006), GCS (p<0.001) and hypotension (p=0.006) were closely associated with the prognosis. CONCLUSION: Gradient decompression is not effective in avoiding the occurrence of intraoperative hypotension and improving the prognosis. It provides a new insight into clinical measures for curing patients with severe traumatic brain injury (sTBI).

Efficacy and Safety Profile of Combining Sorafenib with Chemotherapy in Patients with HER2-Negative Advanced Breast Cancer: A Meta-analysis / 한국유방암학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining sorafenib with chemotherapy in patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative advanced breast cancer. METHODS: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, American Society for Clinical Oncology abstracts, and European Society for Medical Oncology abstracts were searched. Randomized clinical trials that compared the efficacy and safety of sorafenib plus chemotherapy in patients with HER2-negative advanced breast cancer with placebo plus chemotherapy were eligible. The endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), duration of response (DOR), overall response rate (ORR), clinical benefits, and adverse effects. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.2.6 (The Nordic Cochrane Centre), and the fixed-effect model weighted by the Mantel-Haenszel method was used. When considerable heterogeneity was found (p<0.1), further analysis (subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, or random-effect model) was performed to identify the potential cause. The results are expressed as hazard ratios or risk ratios, with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: The final analysis included four trials comprising 844 patients. The results revealed longer PFS and TTP, and higher ORR and clinical benefit rates in patients receiving sorafenib combined with chemotherapy compared to those receiving chemotherapy and placebo. OS and DOR were similar in the two groups. Meanwhile, the incidence of some adverse effects, including hand-foot skin reaction/hand-foot syndrome, diarrhea, rash, and hypertension, were significantly higher in the sorafenib arm. CONCLUSION: Sorafenib combined with chemotherapy may prolong PFS and TTP. This treatment was associated with manageable toxicities, but frequent dose interruptions and reductions were required.

ESR1 Gene Polymorphisms and Prostate Cancer Risk: A HuGE Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Many published data on the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ESR1 gene and prostate cancer susceptibility are inconclusive. The aim of this Human Genome Epidemiology (HuGE) review and meta-analysis is to derive a more precise estimation of this relationship. METHODS: A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedical (CBM) databases was conducted from their inception through July 1st, 2012. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to assess the strength of association. RESULTS: Twelve case-control studies were included with a total 2,165 prostate cancer cases and 3,361 healthy controls. When all the eligible studies were pooled into the meta-analysis, ESR1 PvuII (C>T) and XbaI (A>G) polymorphisms showed no association with the risk of prostate cancer. However, in the stratified analyses based on ethnicity and country, the results indicated that ESR1 PvuII (C>T) polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of prostate cancer among Asian populations, especially among Indian population; while ESR1 XbaI (A>G) polymorphism may significantly increase the risk of prostate cancer among American population. Furthermore, we also performed a pooled analysis for all eligible case-control studies to explore the role of codon 10 (T>C), codon 325 (C>G), codon 594 (G>A) and +261G>C polymorphisms in prostate cancer risk. Nevertheless, no significant associations between these polymorphisms and the risk of prostate cancer were observed. CONCLUSION: Results from the current meta-analysis indicate that ESR1 PvuII (C>T) polymorphism may be a risk factor for prostate cancer among Asian populations, especially among Indian population; while ESR1 XbaI (A>G) polymorphism may increase the risk of prostate cancer among American population.

Efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone in moderate-severe cancer-related pain: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

In order to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone in moderate-severe cancer-related pain, we conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Publications addressing the efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone in moderate-severe cancer-related pain were selected from the Cochrane library, PubMed, Embase and CBM databases. Data were extracted from the studies by two independent reviewers. The meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0.25 and STATA 9.2 software. From these data, odds ratios (ORs) or the standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Finally, only seven RCTs were retrieved with a total of 613 cancer patients with moderate-severe pain. The meta-analysis results showed that oxycodone was statistically superior to other strong opioids based on pain intensity scores following intervention [weighted mean difference (WMD), 0.25; 95% CI, 0.05-0.45; P=0.01; WMD, -1.30; 95% CI, -1.55-1.05; P<0.001, respectively]. In addition, there were statistically significant differences between oxycodone and other strong opioids in cancer-related pain on the obvious effective rate and the overall effective rate (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.40-2.95; P=0.0002; OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.09-3.44; P=0.02, respectively). Compared with other strong opioids, nausea and constipation occurred significantly less frequently with the use of oxycodone for cancer-related pain (OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.32-0.85, P=0.009; OR= 0.55, 95% CI= 0.35-0.87, P= 0.01; respectively). In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms that the efficacy and tolerability of oxycodone are superior to those of other strong opioids, including morphine sulfate, codeine and tramadol, supporting its use as an opioid for cancer-related pain.

Rituximab sensitizes a Burkitt lymphoma cell line to cell killing by X-irradiation.

Clinical trials with rituximab in combination with chemotherapeutic regimens have shown promising results. Data on the effects of rituximab treatment in combination with irradiation are, however, limited and inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the effects of rituximab (R) on cell death induced by X-irradiation in Raji lymphoma cells and to evaluate its mechanisms. We found the cell growth inhibition by irradiation was enhanced by additional rituximab exposure both in cells precultured with rituximab followed by irradiation (R + irradiation) or in cells treated in the reverse sequence (irradiation + R). R + irradiation combination treatment induced more apoptotic cells than irradiation and irradiation + R treatment as early as 12 h after treatment. At 24 h, both combination treatments, R + irradiation and irradiation + R, showed apoptotic cells, which were significantly different from irradiation alone. G2/M cell cycle arrest was observed after irradiation alone and the combination treatment. The combination treatment revealed an elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in a radiation dose-dependent manner. In addition, rituximab enhanced the cell growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death induced by the oxidative agent, H(2)O(2). We propose that rituximab mediates a significant in vitro radiosensitizing effect and induces cell cycle changes and apoptosis in Raji cells. ROS probably play an important role in these events.

[Design of a flyback switch mode power supply for multichannel electrophysiological stimulators].

In order to supply the multichannel electrical stimulator, a DC-DC flyback switch mode power supply based on a high-performance current mode controller UC3845 has been designed. The experimental results indicate that the power supply has satisfied the demands and can supply the multichannel electrical stimulator and similar apparatuses.

The construction of lentivirus-mediated RNAi vector containing hTERT / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct a recombinant lentivirus RNA interference (RNAi) vector carrying hTERT gene, and to obtain the titer of the lentiviral stock for investigating the expression in the eukaryotic cells and the effect on the hTERT gene silencing in the eukaryotic cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two complimentary oligos of small interference RNA (siRNA) with hairpin structures targeting the hTERT gene and a negative control were synthesized, then ligated with pLVTHM vector and sequenced. The recombinant vectors were then transfected with viral packaging mix into T293 cells, viral supernatant was harvested to determine the titer. U87 cells infected by virus were harvested and the expression of hTERT, telomerase activity and apoptosis were detected by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR), TRAP assay and flow cytometry separately.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sequencing data showed that the constructed plasmids contained the correct sequences of hTERT siRNA transcript templates. A vector producing cell line T293 was established, and the titer for transfection was obtained. RT-PCR and TRAP flow cytometry analyses demonstrated that hTERT shRNA expression construct could suppress the expression of hTERT and telomerase activity and induce apoptosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A lentivirus RNAi vector targeting hTERT gene was successfully constructed, which decreased the expression of hTERT and telomerase activity effectively and induced apoptosis. It has set up a research platform for the gene therapy of tumors which take hTERT as the target.</p>

Design of a flyback switch mode power supply for multichannel electrophysiological stimulators / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to supply the multichannel electrical stimulator, a DC-DC flyback switch mode power supply based on a high-performance current mode controller UC3845 has been designed. The experimental results indicate that the power supply has satisfied the demands and can supply the multichannel electrical stimulator and similar apparatuses.

[Design of a wireless fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system based on S3C2410].

This paper introduces a new fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system based on S3C2410 and telecommunication, and its framework and flow chart. Based on the genetic algorithm, the improved IIR adaptive filter achieves the non-invasive, real-time extraction of FECG. The system provides the reliable gist for the diagnosis of fetal congenital diseases. FECG extraction, S3C2410, telecommunication, genetic algorithm, IIR adaptive filter.

Design of a wireless fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system based on S3C2410 / 中国医疗器械杂志

This paper introduces a new fetal electrocardiogram monitoring system based on S3C2410 and telecommunication, and its framework and flow chart. Based on the genetic algorithm, the improved IIR adaptive filter achieves the non-invasive, real-time extraction of FECG. The system provides the reliable gist for the diagnosis of fetal congenital diseases. FECG extraction, S3C2410, telecommunication, genetic algorithm, IIR adaptive filter.

Surface modification of dental alumina ceramic with silica coating / 华西口腔医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To make silica coating through sol-gel process, and to evaluate the wettability of dental alumina ceramic with or without coating.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Silica coating was prepared with colloidal silica sol on In-Ceram alumina ceramic surface which had been treated with air particle abrasion. Coating gel after heat treatment was observed with atomic force microscope (AFM), and was analyzed by infrared spectrum (IR) with gel without sintered as control. Contact angles of oleic acid to be finished, sandblasted and coated ceramic surface of were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>AFM pictures showed that some parts of nano-particles in coating gel conglomerated after heat treatment. It can be seen from the IR picture that bending vibration absorption kurtosis of Si-OH also vanished after heat treatment. Among contact angles of three treated surface, the ones on polished surface were the biggest (P = 0.000, P = 0.000), and sandblasting+silica coating surface the smallest (P = 0.000, P = 0.003).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Silica coating can be made with sol-gel process successfully. Heat treatment may reinforce Si-O-Si net structure of coating gel. Wettability of dental alumina ceramic with silica coating is higher than with sandblasting and polishing.</p>