RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate studies related to pain management associated with arteriovenous fistula cannulation among children. METHODS: The systematic review comprised literature search on Embase, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus, SpringerLink and Wiley Online databases for studies published in English between 1998 and 2021. The search used key words, including pain management OR analgesia AND child OR paediatric AND haemodialysis OR dialysis AND arteriovenous fistula OR arteriovenous fistula cannulation OR fistula needle OR arteriovenous fistula insertion OR needle insertion. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Joana Briggs Institute checklist. General characteristics of the and pain outcomes were noted. RESULTS: Of the 2,877 studies initially identified, 8(0.27%) were analysed; 7(87.5%) quasi-experimental and 1(12.5%) randomised controlled trial. Overall, there were 283 participants aged 6-18 years. The strategies used for reducing arteriovenous fistula puncture-related pain among children undergoing haemodialysis included cryotherapy, lidocaine agents, virtual reality (VR), guided visualisation, balloon inflation, aromatherapy, and other programmed distractions. The strategies had a positive effect on reducing arteriovenous fistula cannulation-related pain among children. Conclusion: Non-pharmacological pain management is an easier, simpler, inexpensive and more effective method of atraumatic care among children undergoing haemodialysis.
Assuntos
Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica , Manejo da Dor , Diálise Renal , Humanos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Diálise Renal/métodos , Criança , Derivação Arteriovenosa Cirúrgica/efeitos adversos , Manejo da Dor/métodos , Cateterismo/métodos , Adolescente , Crioterapia/métodos , Realidade Virtual , Lidocaína/uso terapêutico , Anestésicos Locais/uso terapêutico , Dor Processual/etiologia , Dor Processual/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess levels of anxiety and ways of coping among nursing students in The School of Nursing, University of Riau during the COVID-19 Outbreak. Method: This study was conducted among 247 students through the web-based cross-sectional survey. Results: The findings show that more than one in three students 87 (35.3%) had mild to severe anxiety. Many students experienced anxiety when doing activities outside, having no use personal protection equipment (PPE), worrying about being infected if they have a cough, fever, or sore throat. The top three ways of coping to reduce student's anxiety are implemented healthy lifestyle behaviors (46.56%), staying at home and doing activities together with family (44.94%), and doing positive activities (22.67%). Conclusions: The school should give attention to the mental health of students by providing psychological support to reduce student's anxiety.