RESUMO
Members of the JAK family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases play a critical role in the growth and progression of many cancers and in inflammatory diseases. JAK2 has emerged as a leading therapeutic target for oncology, providing a rationale for the development of a selective JAK2 inhibitor. A program to optimize selective JAK2 inhibitors to combat cancer while reducing the risk of immune suppression associated with JAK3 inhibition was undertaken. The structure-activity relationships and biological evaluation of a novel series of compounds based on a 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyridine scaffold are reported. Para substitution on the aryl at the C8 position of the core was optimum for JAK2 potency (17). Substitution at the C2 nitrogen position was required for cell potency (21). Interestingly, meta substitution of C2-NH-aryl moiety provided exceptional selectivity for JAK2 over JAK3 (23). These efforts led to the discovery of CEP-33779 (29), a novel, selective, and orally bioavailable inhibitor of JAK2.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Janus Quinase 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Piridinas/síntese química , Triazóis/síntese química , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Linhagem Celular , Cristalografia por Raios X , Cães , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Piridinas/química , Piridinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Triazóis/química , Triazóis/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Optimization of a series of aminomethyl ketone diamine H(3)R antagonists to reduce the brain exposure by lowering the pKa, led to molecules with improved pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 9, 19, and 25 had high affinity for human H(3)R and demonstrated in vivo H(3)R functional activity in the rat dipsogenia model. Compound 9 displayed modest wake-promoting activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Agonismo Inverso de Drogas , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos , Cetonas/química , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , 1-Propanol/química , 1-Propanol/farmacologia , Animais , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Humanos , Cetonas/farmacologia , Metilaminas/química , Metilaminas/farmacologia , Fenóis/química , Fenóis/farmacologia , Pirrolidinas/química , Pirrolidinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Transtornos do Sono do Ritmo Circadiano/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Structure-activity relationships for a series of phenoxypiperidine pyridazin-3-one H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists are disclosed. The search for compounds with improved hERG and DAT selectivity without the formation of in vivo active metabolites identified 6-[4-(1-cyclobutyl-piperidin-4-yloxy)-phenyl]-4,4-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 17b. Compound 17b met discovery flow criteria, demonstrated potent H(3)R functional antagonism in vivo in the rat dipsogenia model and potent wake activity in the rat EEG/EMG model at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg ip.
Assuntos
Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piperidinas/química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3 , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Piperidinas/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , RatosRESUMO
A substantial body of evidence supports the utility of antiangiogenesis inhibitors as a strategy to block or attenuate tumor-induced angiogenesis and inhibition of primary and metastatic tumor growth in a variety of solid and hematopoietic tumors. Given the requirement of tumors for different cytokine and growth factors at distinct stages of their growth and dissemination, optimal antiangiogenic therapy necessitates inhibition of multiple, complementary, and nonredundant angiogenic targets. 11-(2-Methylpropyl)-12,13-dihydro-2-methyl-8-(pyrimidin-2-ylamino)-4H-indazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazol-4-one (11b, CEP-11981) is a potent orally active inhibitor of multiple targets (TIE-2, VEGF-R1, 2, and 3, and FGF-R1) having essential and nonredundant roles in tumor angiogenesis and vascular maintenance. Outlined in this article are the design strategy, synthesis, and biochemical and pharmacological profile for 11b, which completed Phase I clinical assessing safety and pharmacokinetics allowing for the initiation of proof of concept studies.
Assuntos
Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Carbazóis/síntese química , Indazóis/síntese química , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptores de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbazóis/farmacocinética , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Humanos , Indazóis/farmacocinética , Indazóis/farmacologia , Macaca fascicularis , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Modelos Moleculares , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Receptor Tipo 1 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor TIE-2/química , Proteínas Recombinantes/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Recombinantes/química , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Receptor 1 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/química , Receptor 3 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
H(3)R structure-activity relationships for a new class of 4,5-dihydropyridazin-3-one H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists are disclosed. Modification of the 4,5-dihydropyridazinone moiety to block in vivo metabolism identified 4,4-dimethyl-6-{4-[3-((R)-2-methyl-pyrrolidin-1-yl)-propoxy]-phenyl}-4,5-dihydro-2H-pyridazin-3-one 22 as a lead candidate demonstrating potent in vivo functional H(3)R antagonism in the rat dipsogenia model and robust wake promoting activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Piridazinas/química , Receptores Histamínicos H3/química , Animais , Área Sob a Curva , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Desenho de Fármacos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Eletromiografia/métodos , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Cinética , Modelos Químicos , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
H(3)R structure-activity relationships on a novel class of pyridazin-3-one H(3)R antagonists/inverse agonists are disclosed. Modifications of the pyridazinone core, central phenyl ring and linker led to the identification of molecules with excellent target potency, selectivity and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 13 and 21 displayed potent functional H(3)R antagonism in vivo in the rat dipsogenia model and demonstrated robust wake activity in the rat EEG/EMG model.
Assuntos
Ingestão de Líquidos/efeitos dos fármacos , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/farmacologia , Piridazinas/farmacologia , Vigília/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/síntese química , Agonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos/química , Humanos , Masculino , Estrutura Molecular , Piridazinas/síntese química , Piridazinas/química , Ratos , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A novel series of 8-(2-tetrahydropyranyl)-12,13-dihydroindazolo[5,4-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazoles (THP-DHI) was synthesized and evaluated as dual TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Development of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) with the support of X-ray crystallography led to identification of 7f and 7g as potent, selective dual TIE-2/VEGF-R2 inhibitors with excellent cellular potency and acceptable pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 7f and 7g were orally active in tumor models with no observed toxicity.
Assuntos
Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Cristalografia por Raios X , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Fused dihydroindazolopyrrolocarbazole oximes have been identified as low nanomolar, potent dual TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors with excellent cellular potency. Development of the structure-activity relationships (SAR) led to identification of compounds 35 and 40 as potent, selective dual TIE-2/VEGF-R2 inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 35 was orally active in tumor models with no observed toxicity.
Assuntos
Desenho de Fármacos , Melanoma Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Oximas/síntese química , Oximas/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Inibidores da Angiogênese/síntese química , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacocinética , Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Animais , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Endotélio Vascular/citologia , Endotélio Vascular/efeitos dos fármacos , Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Hemangiossarcoma/irrigação sanguínea , Hemangiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Hemangiossarcoma/enzimologia , Humanos , Melanoma Experimental/sangue , Melanoma Experimental/irrigação sanguínea , Melanoma Experimental/enzimologia , Estrutura Molecular , Neovascularização Patológica , Oximas/farmacocinética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Ratos , Receptor TIE-2/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Veias Umbilicais , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismoRESUMO
A novel series of C-3 urea, amide, and carbamate fused dihydroindazolocarbazole (DHI) analogs are reported as highly potent dual inhibitors of TIE-2 and VEGF-R2 receptor tyrosine kinases with excellent cellular potency. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicate the optimal N-13 alkyl substitutions are n-propyl and i-butyl. The isopropyl carbamate 39 displayed good dual enzyme, cell potency, and rat pharmacokinetic properties for advancement to in vivo evaluation.
Assuntos
Amidas/química , Carbamatos/química , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Indazóis/farmacologia , Receptor TIE-2/antagonistas & inibidores , Ureia/química , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/antagonistas & inibidores , Administração Oral , Animais , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Disponibilidade Biológica , Carbazóis/síntese química , Carbazóis/química , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Indazóis/síntese química , Indazóis/química , Camundongos , Camundongos Nus , Estrutura Molecular , Ratos , Estereoisomerismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
A systematic modification of the C(3) side-chain of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa inhibitors and a survey of P(4) variations is described. These changes have resulted in the identification of sub-nanomolar inhibitors with improved selectivity versus related proteases. Coagulation parameters (i.e., APTT doubling concentrations) are also improved.
Assuntos
Inibidores do Fator Xa , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/química , Inibidores de Serina Proteinase/farmacologia , ÉsteresRESUMO
Further optimization of the beta-aminoester class of factor Xa (fXa) inhibitors is described culminating in the identification of 9c (FXV673), a potent and selective factor Xa inhibitor with excellent in vivo anticoagulant activity. An X-ray structure of FXV673 bound to human fXa is also presented. Based on its selectivity, potent in vivo activity and favorable pre-clinical safety profile, FXV673 was selected for further development and is currently undergoing clinical trials.