[Update on surgical treatment of primary and metastatic cutaneous melanoma]. / Actualización en el tratamiento quirúrgico del melanoma cutáneo primario y metastásico.

Melanoma is a common cutaneous tumour. It is of great importance due to its increasing incidence and aggressive behaviour, with metastasis to lymph nodes and internal organs. When suspecting melanoma, excisional biopsy should be performed to obtain complete histological information in order to determine the adverse factors such as ulceration, mitosis rate, and Breslow depth, which influence preoperative staging and provide data for sentinel lymph biopsy decision making. The indicated management for melanoma is wide local excision, observing recommended and well-established excision margins, depending on Breslow depth and anatomical location of the tumour. Therapeutic lymphadenectomy is recommended for patients with clinically or radiologically positive lymph nodes. This article reviews surgical treatment of melanoma, adverse histological factors, sentinel lymph node biopsy, and radical lymphadenectomy. Details are presented on special situations in which management of melanoma is different due to the anatomical location (plantar, subungual, lentigo maligna), or pregnancy.

Minociclina en el tratamiento de la dermatitis periorificial granulomatosa en un niño de raza blanca, sin respuesta a otras tetraciclinas / Minocycline in the treatment of periorificial granulomatous dermatitis in a white child without response to other tetracyclines

La dermatitis periorificial granulomatosa es una entidad poco frecuente que fue inicialmente reportada en niños de raza negra, recibiendo el nombre de erupción facial de la niñez afroamericana. Posteriormente se encontró que dicha enfermedad puede presentarse en personas de todas las razas. El uso crónico de esteroides tópicos es el principal factor desencadenante, por lo que la suspensión de estos es la piedra angular en el tratamiento de esta entidad. Reportamos el caso de un niño de 14 años, con un cuadro de ocho meses de evolución de pápulas eritematosas bien definidas, localizadas en párpados inferiores y surcos nasolabiales con descamacion y eritema circundantes. Fue tratado con deflazacort, medrol, esteroides tópicos de alta potencia, dapsona, e isotretinoína oral, con poca mejoría. La biopsia de piel reportó granulomas no caseificantes compuestos por macrofagos epitelioides y un infiltrado inflamatorio linfocitario adyacente, haciéndose el diagnóstico de una dermatitis periorificial granulomatosa. El paciente fue tratado con minociclina oral y tacrolimus tópico, con desaparición de casi todas las lesiones después de un mes y medio de tratamiento.

Periorificial granulomatous dermatitis is a rare entity that was first reported in black children. Because of this, it was called facial afro-caribbean childhood eruption. However, in later publications it was found that this disease can occur in people of all races. Chronic use of topical steroids is the major exacerbating factor and the suspension of these is the cornerstone of treatment. We report the case of a 14 year-old boy with 8 months of well-defined erythematous papules located on his lower eyelids and nasolabial folds with surrounding erythema and desquamation. He was treated with deflazacort, medrol, high potency topical steroids, dapsone, and oral isotretinoin, with little improvement. Skin biopsy reported noncaseating granulomas composed of epithelioid macrophages and lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate. The diagnosis of periorificial granulomatous dermatitis was made based on clinical history, physical examination and histology. Management was initiated with oral minocycline and topical tacrolimus, with almost complete disappearance of lesions after a month and a half of treatment.

Síndrome poliglandular autoinmune asociado a vitiligo / Vitiligo-asociated autoimmune polyglandular syndrome

El síndrome poliglandular autoinmune es un desorden inmunológico que afecta diferentes glándulas endocrinas y que se asocia frecuentemente a enfermedades cutáneas de origen autoinmune como el vitiligo. Actualmente se clasifica en tres grupos de acuerdo a las glándulas comprometidas. El síndrome poliglandular autoinmune tipo IIIB es el más comúnmente reportado y se caracteriza por enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune con gastritis autoinmune. Aunque hay asociación con alopecia areata, es el vitiligo la enfermedad cutánea que más se asocia con este síndrome. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 50 años con síndrome poliglandular autoinmune tipo IIIB, quien presentó inicialmente una tiroiditis autoinmune, posteriormente fue diagnosticada con anemia perniciosa secundaria a deficiencia de vitamina B12 y finalmente un vitiligo generalizado, resistente a múltiples tratamientos, a pesar del control de sus endocrinopatías.

Autoimmune poliglandular syndrome is an immune disorder, that affects different endocrine glands and that is frequently associated with cutaneous disorders of autoinmune etiology like vitiligo. It is currently classified in three groups depending on the compromised gland. Type IIIB autoimmune polyglandular syndrome is the most frequently reported and is characterized by autoimmune thyroid disease with autoimmune gastritis. Although, it is also associated wih alopecia areata, vitiligo is the most frequently cutaneous disease reported in this syndrome. We report a 50 year old woman with a type IIIB autoimmune poliglandular síndrome who had an autoimmune thyroid disease with hyperthyroidism 25 years before, later she was diagnosed with pernicious anemia secondary to vitamin B12 deficiency and finally presented a generalized vitiligo, resistant to multiple treatments des-pite good control of her autoimmune illnesses.