[Urinary infections in patients with transplanted kidneys]. / Urinarne infekcije kod bolesnika s transplantisanim bubregom.

The aim of this study was to evaluate urinary infection frequency in kidney transplanted patients. Infection frequency was assessed in 116 patients (81 males and 35 females; mean age 36.2 years) after renal transplantation. During four year follow-up 41% patients suffered one or more episodes of infection. Bacterial infection caused by Escherichia coli were most frequent. The control group consisted of healthy medical staff and the investigations showed significantly over frequency of infection.

Renal osteodystrophy--pathophysiological aspects.

The aim of this study was to evaluate status of bone metabolism in patients on chronic maintenance dialysis, to elucidate dominant mechanisms in the genesis of renal osteodistrophy (ROD) with simultaneous measuring of biochemical regulators and parameters of bone metabolism and scintigraphic study of metabolic activity of the skeleton. We found that disturbance of skeletal homeostasis existed in all patients, dominant hyperparathyroid bone disease was found in most of them, mixed uremic osteodistrophy (hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D deficiency) was observed in less percent, i.e. only in 6% renal bone disease with low turnover due to osteomalacia or adynamic bone disease was present. Simultaneous determinations of most relevant factors of bone metabolism and scintiscan discover changes in skeletal homeostasis, and can prevent severe disturbances and treat adequately those ones which already exist.

[The role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of enlarged parathyroid glands]. / Mesto ultrasonografije u dijagnostici povecanih paratireoidnih zlezda.

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of parathyroid glands was introduced by the Japanese in 1975. Only after more perfect machines have been introduced, first of all by advancement of "real-time" technique, this method started being used as a routine. The paper shows results of ultrasonographic investigation in 200 patients separated into two groups. In the first group 100 patients were examined with a clinical suspect of primary hyperparathyroidism from which in 30 the existence of parathyroid gland adenoma was diagnosed. Scintigraphy of parathyroid glands was performed in the smaller group of patients; the comparison of these two methods was done, and in 77.7% cases coincidence was found. In the group of 10 operated patients comparison of the two mentioned methods was carried out, with surgical or pathohistologic findings and the coincidence was complete. In the second group 100 patients were examined belonging to the chronical program of hemodialysis, from which in 24 cases existence of swollen parathyroid glands was found. Comparison of ultrasonographic and scintigraphic findings was also done and the coincidence was 68.75%. At the end, the importance of ultrasonography in the first diagnostic stage of swollen parathyroid glands was pointed out.

[The importance of intact parathyroid hormone determination in the evaluation of parathyroid gland function]. / Znacaj odredivanja intaktnog paratireoidnog hormona u proceni funkcije paratireoidnih zlezda.

The study investigates the importance of determining the intact parathormone in the evaluation of parathyroid gland function in different conditions of change in their function and the alteration of parathormone metabolism: primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and hyperthyroidism. The role and place of intact parathormone determination in routine diagnostic schemes of calcium homeostasis disorders was reviewed by the simultaneous determination of the indicators of calcium and bone metabolism and other calcium homeostasis hormone regulators, as well as the C- and N-terminal parathormone fragments and by establishing their mutual links with the values of the intact parathormone.