[Study of in vitro thromboxane A2 generation by platelets of patients with first-time appearing angina pectoris under the effect of fish diet]. / Issledovanie generatsii in vitro thromboksana A2 trombotsitami u bolnykh v vpervye voznikshei stenokardiei pod vliianiem rybnoi diety.

Thromboxane A2 (TxA2) is a pathogenic factor as it stimulates thrombogenesis and causes vasospastic reactions typical of coronary heart disease. The eicosapentaenic acid (EPA)-rich diet containing precursors of inactive TxA2 synthesis and the routine hospital diet (No. 10 according to Pevzner) were examined for effects on platelet generation of TxA2 on induction of ADP aggregation in 12 patients with first angina (FA). In patients with FA keeping diet No. 10, the platelets were found to be able to generate TxA2 under the influence of ADP, while in those on EPA-rich diet, the latter failed to exhibit this capacity. It was suggested that the EPA-containing fish diet might affect platelet aggregation favourably, which followed from the evidence for decreased pathogenic TxA2 generation in the aggregated platelets from FA patients and a lower risk of vascular spasms.

[Newly developed stenocardia: effect of diet with increased amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega-3 group on blood lipids and apolipoproteins]. / Vpervye voznikshaia stenokardiia: vliianie diety s povyshennym soderzhaniem polinenasyshchennykh zhirnykh kislot gruppy omega-3 na lipidy i apolipoproteiny krovi.

The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUSF), a 4-week fish diet--350 g of scomber a day, on the blood lipid-apolipoprotein spectrum were evaluated in 22 patients with primary angina pectoris as compared to 8 control subjects received hospital protein-, fat-, carbohydrate-, and calorie-balanced diet No. 10 differing in omega-3 PUSF content (5 and 0.03 g/day, respectively). The fish diet caused a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) in patients with hypercholesterolemia, however, the normal cholesterol (under 200 mg/dl) and LDLC (under 130 mg/dl) levels were reached only in a small proportion of the patients. There was a hypotriglyceridemic effect of omega-3 PUSF that was more pronounced at initially high triglyceride concentrations. Heterogeneous changes were found in LDLC levels with the fish diet. i.e. from a great decrease at initially high LDLC levels to a small increase at initially low LDLC in patients with hypertriglyceridemia and low levels of high density lipoproteins. It was concluded that a fish diet should be included into a complex of measures aimed at the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in patients with primary angina concurrent with hypercholesterolemia (even moderate) and hypertriglyceridemia unassociated with hypoalphacholesterolemia.

[The effect of a diet enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on thrombocyte functional activity and on the blood lipid-apolipoprotein spectrum in newly occurring stenocardia]. / Vliianie diety, obogashchennoi omega-3 polinenasyshchennymi zhirnymi kislotami, na funktsional'nuiu aktivnost' trombotsitov i lipidno-apolipoproteinovyi spektr krovi pri vpervye voznikshei stenokardii.

The diet enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5 g/day for 4 weeks) was applied to the treatment of patients (n-22) with angina pectoris occurring for the first time. Meanwhile 6 patients received the control diet similar to the fish one as regards the protein, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol and caloric ratio. The control group patients showed no alterations in blood lipids and apoproteins of in platelet function. The patients who received the fish diet manifested an appreciable decrease in the concentration of triglycerides (p less than 0.01), a slight reduction of cholesterol content. The level of high density cholesterol remained unchanged. There was a decrease in the concentration of thromboxane (p less than 0.05) and in the platelet count (p less than 0.05). In some patients, individual reactions of ADP-induced platelet aggregation were revealed: from the lowering (-60-10%) seen in the third of the examined up to the rise (+10+90%) in the other third. The decrease of apoprotein A1 established as safe for the protective cholesterol-transport properties of high-density lipoproteins was established.

[Malondialdehyde content of plasma lipoproteins and thrombocytes in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Soderzhanie malonovogo dial'degida v lipoproteidakh plazmy krovi i trombotsitakh bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa.

Malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content was studied in 23 patients with CHD due to coronary atherosclerosis, and in 6 with neurocirculatory dystonia without clinical and angiographic signs of CHD. MDA content as an indirect equivalent of cyclic endoperoxides was higher in the platelets, LDL and VLDL in patients with CHD. It may be a cause of TxA2 and PGI2 unbalance in the blood circulation and leads to the activation of thrombus formation, the decrease in the synthesis of "antiatherogenic" biologically active substances, in particular PGI2, thus promoting the development of CHD due to coronary atherosclerosis.

[Characteristics of the changes in the endogenous prostaglandin content in the acute period of myocardial infarct]. / Osobennosti izmenenii soderzhaniia éndogennykh prostaglandinov u bol'nykh v ostrom periode infarkta miokarda.

Venous blood plasma content of prostaglandins (PG) E, A, and F was studied in myocardial infarction patients using radioimmunoassay. Two types of quantitative changes in the blood plasma PG content were found. These changes were associated with the peculiarities of the clinical course of the disease. The data obtained can evidence the pathogenetic role of endogenous PG in the development of myocardial infarction and its complications.

[Effect of physical training on the steroid hormone and lipid content in the blood plasma of patients who have had a myocardial infarct]. / Vliianie fizicheskikh trenirovok na soderzhanie steroidnykh gormonov i lipidov v plazme krovi bol'nykh, perenesshikh infarkt miokarda.

The blood plasma steroid hormone content and some indices of lipid metabolism were studied in 53 patients who had suffered from myocardial infarction and in 15 healthy males. It is established that the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, estradiol, and cortisol is significantly higher and the content of alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol and testosterone is significantly lower in patients. The patients were divided at random into 2 groups: 26 formed group 1 (control) and 27 patients who underwent long-term intensive physical training according to a special program formed group 2. It is shown that with equal initial values of the indices studied in patients of both groups, statistical analysis demonstrated that the level of estradiol, cortisol and triglycerides was significantly lower while that of testosterone and alpha-lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher in patients of group 2 than in patients of group 1. Determination of changes in the content of the above-mentioned parameters is recommended as a criterion for appraising the effectiveness of the physical methods for the rehabilitation of patients who had suffered from myocardial infarction.

[High-density lipoprotein subfractions and sex hormones in the blood plasma of men 40 to 59]. / Podfraktsii lipoproteidov vysokoi plotnosti i polovye gormony v plazme krovi muzhchin 40-59 let.

Examination of 50 males aged from 40 to 59 years showed that an increase or decrease in the level of cholesterol of high-density lipoproteins (HDLP) occurs mostly at the expense of cholesterol of the HDLP2 subfraction. Changes in the concentration of sex hormones in the blood plasma are attended by a change in the number of HDLP2 particles, evidence of which was a change in the content of HDLP2 cholesterol and phospholipids with the level of HDLP3 cholesterol and phospholipids remaining unaltered. A higher content is attended by a rise in the level of HDLP2 cholesterol and HDLP2 phospholipids. A negative correlation between the level of estradiol and that of triglycerides in blood plasma (r=-0.61; p less than 0.01) and a positive correlation between the content of estradiol and the level of HDLP2 cholesterol and phospholipids (r=+0.34; p less than 0.05 and r=+0.37; p less than 0.05, respectively were revealed in males with estradiol concentration of 1--8 ng/dl. There was no correlation between the above-mentioned values when the concentration of estradiol in blood plasma was higher (8--16 ng/dl). In hypoalphalipoproteinemia and hypertriglyceridemia, the relation in very low density lipoproteins of apoprotein SH, which inhibits lipoprotein lipase, and apoprotein SP, which activates this enzyme, was higher than normal while the relation of these apoproteins in HDLP was lower.

[Thrombocyte phospholipids in ischemic heart disease with a varying degree of coronary arteriosclerosis severity]. / Fosfolipidy trombotsitov u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa s razlichnoi vyrazhennost'iu koronarnogo ateroskleroza.

A significant increase of the relative phosphatidyl serine level, a decrease in the percentage of lipoleic and arachidonic acids, and an increase in the oleic acid level were revealed in blood platelet phospholipids of patients with ischemic heart disease and severe coronary atherosclerosis. In the entire group of patients with ischemic heart disease (with coronary atherosclerosis of various degree), these changes are less marked and only the decrease in the linoleic acid level as compared to that in healthy individuals is significant. It was established that besides these changes in the phospholipid structures, blood platelet aggregation increases when the severity of the atherosclerotic process in the coronary arteries becomes more pronounced.

[Comparison of the blood plasma depressor prostaglandin content and the indicators of hemodynamics in dogs with experimental myocardial infarct and cardiogenic shock]. / Sopostavlenie soderzhaniia depressornykh prostaglandinov v plazme krovi i pokazatelei gemodinamiki u sobak s eksperimental'nym infarktom miokarda i kardiogennym shokom.

The quantitative composition of depressor prostaglandins PGE1 and PGA1 in the plasma of arterial and venous blood and blood from the great cardiac vein was studied in comparison with the values of hemodynamics in dogs with experimental myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. The content of prostaglandins in blood plasma was determined by the radioimmune method. The development of acute coronary insufficiency was attended with changes in the quantitative composition of the depressor PGE1 and PGA1 in the plasma of arterial and venous blood and blood from the great cardiac vein. In myocardial infarction and particularly in cardiogenic shock, intensification of PGE1 and PGA1 synthesis and an increase in the consumption of these PG by the myocardium occurred beginning with the first hours following occlusion of the coronary arteries, which suggests that PGE1 and PGA1 may probably take part in the normalization of the activity of the affected heart.

[Changes in the quality of hormones in blood plasma and ischemic heart disease risk factors in 40--59-year-old men]. / Izmeneniia kolichestva gormonov v plazme krovi i faktory riska ishemicheskoi bolezni serdtsa u muzhchin v vozraste 40--59 let.

Testosterone, estradiol, hydrocortisone, total cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of alpha-lipoproteins (alpha-CS) were estimated in blood plasma of 124 40--59 years old men examined in the course of an epidemyolodical study (representative selection). Content of insulin was estimated in 112 persons and of growth hormone--in 102 persons. Disbalance of steroid hormones (decrease in alpha-CS) was observed in men with one factor of risk of heart ischemic impairment. Occurrence of two factors of risk of heart ischemic impairment--hypertriglyceridemia and decrease in alpha-CS--was related not only to disbalance of steroid hormones but also to alteration in the ratio of protein hormones--insulin and growth hormone.

[Extraction, separation and quantitative determination of prostaglandins in blood, thrombocytes and several tissues]. / Ekstraktsiia, razdelenie i kolichestvennoe opredelenie prostaglandinov v plazme krovi, trombotsitakh i nekotorykh tkaniakh.

Modified methods, using selective organic extraction and absorption-distributional column chromatography, are described for isolation of prostglandines with high yield; the substances were differentiated by means of the methods used into series A, E, F. Use of radioimmunologic method enabled to obtain data on content of prostglandines in blood plasma and in thrombocytes of healthy people and of patients with ischemic heart impairments as well as on content of these substances in rabbit blood plasma, fatty and livery tissues.

[Content of testosterone and of different classes of lipoproteins in the blood plasma of men 40-59 years old]. / Soderzhanie testosterona i lipoproteidov razlichnykh klassov v plazme krovi muzhchin 40-59let.

The blood plasma of males aged from 40 to 59 (227 practically healthy individual and 48 persons suffering from ischemic heart disease) was tested for the content of testosterone, cholesterol, triglycerides, cholesterol of various classes of lipoproteins and the lipoprotein spectrum by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. It was found that a change in the testosterone level in the blood plasma, even within the limits of physiological values, may affect the plasma lipoprotein spectrum: a decrease in the testosterone concentration is attended with an increase in the content of atherogenic (beta- and pre-beta-) pipoproteins and a decrease in the content of alpha-lipoproteins.

[Effect of oral contraceptives on the blood lipid level]. / Vliianie oral'nykh kontratseptivov na uroven' lipidov v plazme krovi.

Secretion of estrogens in the urine and the content of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood plasma were studied in 36 healthy women 24 of whom took oral contraceptives including estrogenic and gestagenic components to prevent conception. It proved that after the first course of medication the overall estrogen excretion reduces at the expense of all fractions but more so at the expense of the active fraction. Beginning with the 2nd week the cholesterol level in the blood plasma increases and the level of triglycerides grows considerably. The increase in these indices was observed in the first 6 months when the oral contraceptives were taken. With the preparations taken for a longer time the blood plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels became stable.

[Quantitative composition of blood plasma prostaglandins in patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Kolichestvennyi sost v prostaglandinov plazmy krovi u bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa

From the blood plasma of 34 patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteinemia and without it and in 10 practically healthy persons prostaglandins E, A and F2alpha were isolated and the proportion of each one of them was determined by the radioimmunological method. Changes in the quantitative composition of the blood plasma prostaglandins in patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipoproteinemia were disclosed, these changes suggesting the participation of the substances in question in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

[Effect of trypsin inhibitor of a peptide-protein nature on kallikreins from human and rabbit blood stream]. / Deistzie Ingibitoroz Tripsina Peptidno-Belkozoi Prirody Na Kallikreiny Cyzorotiki Krozi Chelozeka I Krolika

The effect of three natural trypsin inhibitors--polyvalent Kunitz inhibitor (BPTI), the inhibitor from cow colostrum (CTI) and the inhibitor from soybean (SBTI)--on esterase and kininogenase action of partially purified kallikrein preparations from human and rabbit blood serum is studied. The effect of each inhibitor was estimated from Ki values. The latters show that BPTI, SBTI and CTI are strong inhibitors of both kallikreins. Ki values, as estimated from the hydrolysis rate of N-bensoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester, were found to be for human blood serum kallikrein and BPTI, SBTI and CTI 1,1-10(-9), 4,7-10(-9) and 3,6-10(-8) M respectively and for rabbit kallikrein--1,7-10(-9), 2,3-10(-8) and 2,3-10(-8) M. In the case of kallikrein catalysing more specific kininogenase reaction Ki value for complex of human serum kallikrein with BPTI was 4,8-10(-10) M, for SBTI--1,1-10(-10) M and for CTI--3,6-10(-8) M; for rabbit kallikrein--1,7-10(-9) M, 1,1-10(-9) and 2,3-10(-8) M respectively. The data obtained suggest the high sensitivity of human and rabbit serum kallikreins to the trypsin inhibitor of peptide-protein nature and a close similarity in composition of the active site for both serum kallikreins and trypsin, two spices different kininogenases--from human and rabbit serum had also similarity in molecule conformation and composition active site.