Metastases of renal clear cell carcinoma to ovary--case report and review of the literature.

In the literature the renal-ovarian axis has been demonstrated. Although, kidney and ovary are in a very distant anatomic position, they are supposed to have a lot of in common. This unusual connection begins from embryology, vascularization, and metastasizing tumors to each other. In the present systemic review the authors showed 24 case reports published in the literature, describing the metastases of primary renal cancer to ovary and only four cases reporting primary ovarian cancer metastases to kidney. Finding primary origin of the tumor is crucial in diagnostic process and subsequent therapy. The present case is a 25th case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastasizing to ovary. The authors report the case of 51-year old woman with a four-year history of metastatic renal clear cell carcinoma (MRCC) presented in the present hospital with contralateral metastasis in right ovary.

Nutrient content in macrophyta collected from southern Baltic Sea beaches in relation to eutrophication and biogas production.

One of the signs of eutrophication is the excessive growth of opportunistic macroalgae, a worldwide phenomenon also observed in the Baltic Sea. Mats of macroalgae may drift long distances and accumulate at the seashore, considerably decreasing the recreational value of beaches. The matter accumulating at the shore is treated usually as waste. However, it could be used, for example, as a resource for biogas production. The aim of this work was to verify the hypothesis that collecting of macrophyta accumulating on the beach and potential usage of this material for biogas production will decrease nutrient reserves in the sea to counteract eutrophication and the increase in greenhouse effects. Samples of macrophyta were collected in 2011 and 2012 and analysed for their C, N, and P contents, and degree of degradation (% Chl-a in the sum of chloropigments-a); the results were analysed statistically. The nutrient content was studied in macrophyta accumulating on the beach (Sopot, Gulf of Gdansk, Poland) and for comparison, macrophyta collected from their habitats in less nutrient polluted area (off the Skåre coast, Trelleborg, Sweden). The nutrient content (N, P) in macrophyta depends primarily on their morphology and only secondarily on environmental nutrient pollution. Collecting the macrophyta biomass accumulating on beaches will not significantly change the eutrophication of the Baltic as a whole; any improvements in this respect are likely to be on a local scale only. Collecting macrophyta removes more nitrogen than phosphorous, so this would decrease the N/P ratio in seawater. This macrophyta biomass is a substantial reserve of renewable energy, which could be utilized with the appropriate technology for biomass collection/preservation and biofuel production as an additive to other carbon-rich biomasses. And the biofuel production should be evaluated not only from the standpoint of economic efficiency but also from the environmental point of view.

Chlorophyll a and its derivatives in sediments of the Odra estuary as a measure of its eutrophication.

Chlorophyll a and its selected derivatives, as well as chlorophylls b and c have been determined in samples of recent (0-10 cm) sediments, collected at 30 stations in the Szczecin Lagoon, Pomeranian Bay and the Bornholm Deep. Samples were retrieved in different seasons between 1992 and 2001, including the time before and after the great flood of July 1997. Regarding the content of chlorophyll a and its derivatives in sediments, the Szczecin Lagoon may be classified as permanently eutrophic and the Pomeranian Bay and Bornholm Deep as mesotrophic. A lack of correlation between chlorophylls b, c and chlorophyll a indicated that intensive blooms of cyanobacteria occur in the Szczecin Lagoon, which is a characteristic of eutrophic zones. The chlorin a results are related to selected parameters characterizing the aquatic environment. The values for nutrients, salinity and temperature in near-bottom waters, as well as granulometry and organic carbon in the sediments verify the above conclusions.

Montmorillonites Modified with Carbonaceous Deposits.

The mechanism of formation of carbonaceous deposits on montmorillonites was studied for systems prepared by sorption of polymers on pillared montmorillonites and subsequent carbonization. Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that polymer was attached to Al-OH acidic sites of smectite layers. Pillars were not influenced to a greater extent. Islands of carbonaceous material were formed, but the amount of deposited carbon depended strongly upon carbonization conditions. The hydrophylic and acidic properties of carbon-covered silica aluminas differed strongly from those of the starting material. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.

[Evaluation of exposure to halothane and ethyl alcohol among technicians responsible for maintenance of anesthesia equipment]. / Ocena narazenia konserwatorów sprzetu anestezjologicznego na halotan i pary etanolu.

The authors discuss the measurements of exposure to halotane and ethyl alcohol among technicians responsible for maintenance of anaesthesiological instruments that occurs at various stages of maintenance work and in an operating room.