Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do epóxilimoneno em camundongos adultos / Evaluación de la toxicidad aguda en adultos epóxilimoneno ratones / Evaluation of the acute toxicity of limonene epoxide in adult mice

Introdução: a biodiversidade da flora mundial proporciona moléculas importantes no tratamento e na prevenção de várias enfermidades humanas, porém na maioria das vezes não são avaliadas sua toxicidade. Objetivo: avaliar a toxicidade do monoterpenóide epóxilimoneno em camundongos tratados de forma aguda com doses repetidas (25, 50 e 75mg/kg) por via oral em parâmetros bioquímicos e hematológicos. Métodos: quarenta camundongos correspondendo a quatro grupos (n=10/grupo) foram tratados, por via oral de forma aguda com doses repetidas e observados durante 14 dias, com epóxilimoneno nas doses de 25, 50 e 75 mg/kg emulsionado em Tween 80 0,05%dissolvido em solução salina 0,9 % (grupos EL25, EL50 e EL75, respectivamente), e com veículo (Tween 80, 0,05 % dissolvido em solução salina 0,9 %, grupo controle). Resultados: o tratamento não causou nenhuma morte ou sinal de toxicidade nos animais. Discussão: dessa forma, baseado nos resultados obtidos a partir dos estudos hematológicos e bioquímicos em camundongos, pode ser sugerido que a administração do epóxilimoneno não produz efeitos tóxicos sobre a maioria dos parâmetros analisados e que pode ser usado de forma segura em ensaios pré-clínicos. No entanto, mais estudos devem ser realizados para garantir que esse derivado de um monoterpeno natural seja utilizado de forma segura na indústria alimentícia e farmacêutica.

Introducción: la biodiversidad global de la flora proporciona moléculas importantes para el tratamiento y prevención de diversas enfermedades humanas, pero más a menudo no se evalúa su toxicidad. Objetivo: evaluar la toxicidad de lepóxilimoneno monoterpenoide en los ratones tratados de forma aguda con dosis repetidas (25, 50 y 75 mg/kg) por vía oral en los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos. Métodos: cuarenta ratones que representan cuatro grupos (n = 10/grupo) fueron tratados con dosis por vía oral de forma aguda repetida y se observaron durante 14 días com elepóxilimonenoa dosis de 25, 50 y 75 mg/kg emulsionados enTween 80 0,05 % disuelto en solución salina 0,9 % (grupos EL25, EL50 y EL75, respectivamente), y vehículo (Tween 80, 0,05 % disuelto en solución salina 0,9 %, grupo de control). Resultados: El tratamientono no causó muertes ni signos de toxicidad en animales. Discusión: de este modo, sobre la base de los resultados obtenidos a partir de los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos en ratones, se puede sugerir que la administración de epóxilimoneno no produce efectos tóxicos en la mayoría de los parámetros analizados y se puede utilizar de forma segura en la pre-clínica. Sin embargo, se deben realizar más estudios para asegurar que el derivado de un monoterpeno natural puede ser usado con seguridad en la industria alimentaria y farmacéutica.

Introduction: the biodiversity of global flora provides important molecules for the treatment and prevention of various human diseases, but most often their toxicities are not evaluated. Objective: evaluate the toxicity of monoterpenoid limonene epoxidein mice treated acutely with repeated doses (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg) orally on hematological and biochemical parameters. Methods: forty mice divided infour groups (n = 10/group ) were treated orally andacutely with repeated doses and observed for 14 days. The mice were treatedwith limonene epoxide administered at doses of 25, 50 and 75 mg / kg emulsified with 0.05 % Tween 80 dissolved in 0.9 % saline (groupsEL25, EL50 and EL75, respectively)and withvehicle (0.05 % Tween 80, dissolved in 0.9% saline, control group). Results: the treatment caused no deaths or signs of toxicity in the mice treated. Discussion: thus, based on the results obtained from hematological and biochemical studies in mice, it can be suggested that limonene epoxide does not produce anytoxic effect on most of the parameters analyzed, and can be safely used in pre-clinical-assays However, more studies should be conducted to ensure that this derivative of a natural monoterpenecan be safely used in thefood and pharmaceutical industry.

Phytol a Natural Diterpenoid with Pharmacological Applications on Central Nervous System: A Review.

Phytol (3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol), a diterpene member of long and ramified chain of unsaturated acyclic alcohols. The objective of study was to conduct a systematic review of this diterpene and its pharmaceutical applications in Nervous System diseases in humans and/or rodents. Periodicals bases, such as ScienceDirect and PubMed, were used, as well as technological basis of European Patent Office, World Intellectual Property Organization, United States Patent and Trademark Office, Derwent Innovations Index(®), Latin American Bank of Patents and data base of Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI-National Institute of Industrial Property). The software EndNote-X5 was utilized as reference with the keywords: phytol, anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticonvulsant and their correlations in English, Spanish and Portuguese from January 2003 to June 2014. There are many publications on phytol in international literature. However, there is a reduced number of articles related to pharmacological activities proposed here. In reference to technological bases, patents present a wide range of pharmacological and commercial applications as cosmetics, hypolipodemic, anxiolytic and antidepressant. Therefore, it is necessary to explore phytol molecules, which present high pharmacological potential from scientific and technological points of view, in search of transference of technologies to generate economical and industrial growth.

Antioxidant effects of nerolidol in mice hippocampus after open field test.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of nerolidol in mice hippocampus against oxidative stress in neuronal cells compared to ascorbic acid (positive control) as well as evaluated the nerolidol sedative effects by open field test compared to diazepam (positive control). Thirty minutes prior to behavioral observation on open field test, mice were intraperitoneally treated with vehicle, nerolidol (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg), diazepam (1 mg/kg) or ascorbic acid (250 mg/kg). To clarify the action mechanism of of nerolidol on oxidative stress in animals subjected to the open field test, Western blot analysis of Mn-superoxide dismutase and catalase in mice hippocampus were performed. In nerolidol group, there was a significant decrease in lipid peroxidation and nitrite levels when compared to negative control (vehicle). However, a significant increase was observed in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in this group when compared to the other groups. Vehicle, diazepam, ascorbic acid and nerolidol groups did not affected Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase mRNA or protein levels. Our findings strongly support the hypothesis that oxidative stress occurs in hippocampus. Nerolidol showed sedative effects in animals subjected to the open field test. Oxidative process plays a crucial role on neuronal pathological consequence, and implies that antioxidant effects could be achieved using this sesquiterpene.