Development and psychometric evaluation of a questionnaire to measure university students' knowledge on the effects of alcohol use during pregnancy.

Introduction: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. This study developed and validated a questionnaire to assess university students' knowledge regarding the effects of alcohol during pregnancy. Methods: We designed an instrument with true-false-I do not know statements. Initially, 45 true statements were formulated and subjected to content validation by 19 experts. Based on the Content Validity Index (CVI), 17 items were selected. The instrument, called the Fetal Alcohol Consequences Test (FACT), was first assessed by 31 university students for the level of understanding. Then, the questionnaire was administered to a national Brazilian sample of university students, and an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted. Each correct FACT answer was worth 1 point, and the knowledge was categorized as high (total score ≥ 80%), moderate (score between 60 and 79%), and low (score ≤ 59%). Results: When the questionnaire was being designed, the CVI values ranged from 0.779 to 1.0, and all statements were considered suitable by the target audience. For psychometric evaluation, 768 students from 24 Brazilian states participated. In the EFA, five statements were removed, revealing a tool with 12 items and two latent factors: "fetal alcohol spectrum disorders" and "conceptions and guidance on alcohol consumption during pregnancy." The KMO index (0.76426) and Bartlett's sphericity test (6362.6, df = 66, p < 0.00001) both supported the final EFA model. The goodness-of-fit indices for the factor structure were adequate: χ2 = 119.609, df = 43, p < 0.00001; RMSEA = 0.048; CFI = 0.977; TLI = 0.965. The mean total FACT score among participants was 7.71 ± 2.98, with a median of 8; 32.03% of the students had high (10-12 points), 24.09% moderate (8-9 points), and 43.88% low knowledge (<8 points). The questionnaire proved reliable, with a floor effect of 1.17%, a ceiling effect of 9.25%, and a Cronbach's alpha index of 0.798. Conclusion: The FACT can be utilized in university students' health education processes, contributing to greater knowledge and information dissemination about the effects of alcohol during pregnancy, in addition to the formulation of policies on the subject directed to this group of young adults.

Association of sociodemographic and clinical factors with the quality of life of Brazilian individuals with Neurofibromatosis type 1: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a rare genetic disorder with a wide range of clinical manifestations, notably neurocutaneous features, that can lead to emotional and physical consequences. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the influence of sociodemographic factors and clinical features of the disease on the quality of life of Brazilian individuals with NF1. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 101 individuals with NF1 using the Brazilian version of the Impact of NF1 on Quality of Life Questionnaire (INF1-QoL), a form with information on sociodemographic characteristics, and an NF1 visibility self-evaluation scale. The relationship between variables was evaluated through statistical testing, and the significance level was defined as 0.05. RESULTS: The study included 101 adults with NF1 aged 18 to 59 years, with a mean age of 35.54 years (±9.63) and a female predominance (n = 84, 83.17%). The mean total INF1-QoL score was 10.62 (±5.63), with a median of 10, minimum value of 0, and maximum of 31 points. Two characteristics of the participants were significantly associated with the quality of life: educational level (p = 0.003) and familial history of NF1 (p = 0.019). There was a statistically significant correlation between the INF1-QoL score and the degree of disease visibility (rho = 0.218; p = 0.028). STUDY LIMITATIONS: Cross-sectional study, conducted with a convenience sample and using self-reported measures. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the significant impact of NF1 on quality of life. The authors recommend multidisciplinary follow-up for patients, with adherence to anticipatory clinical care measures, adequate pain control, psychological assistance, and genetic counseling.

Quality of life of Brazilian families who have children with Fragile X syndrome: a descriptive study.

This study aimed to assess the Family Quality of Life (FQoL) of Brazilian families with male children with Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Data from 53 families were collected using forms that included sociodemographic and clinical information, as well as the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale, a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very dissatisfied" (1) to "very satisfied" (5). The mean overall FQoL score was 3.56 ± 0.79; the emotional well-being domain had the lowest score (2.98 ± 1.11) and showed significant differences between the other domains: family interaction (3.81 ± 0.89; p < 0.001), parenting (3.66 ± 0.89; p < 0.001), physical and material well-being (3.48 ± 0.83; p < 0.001), and disability-related support (3.75 ± 0.98; p < 0.001). Physical and material well-being was the second-lowest domain and was statistically different from the family interaction domain (p = 0.013). Lower FQoL satisfaction ratings were found in families with children who had difficulty getting along with people of the same age (t(51) = -3.193, p = 0.002; d = 1.019) and difficulty in living together on a day-to-day basis (t(51) = -3.060, p = 0.004; d = 0.888). These results highlight the importance of proper emotional support for the family, emphasizing the need to provide assistance not only for individuals with FXS but also for other family members. Besides, we advocate for the adoption of public policies that provide financial assistance to families and the implementation of the Brazilian Policy of Comprehensive Care for People with Rare Diseases.

Quality of life of Brazilian families who have children with Williams syndrome.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study examined the family quality of life (FQoL) among 72 Brazilian families who have children with Williams syndrome, a rare genetic disorder in which most individuals have an intellectual disability, usually mild. Data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical data forms and the Beach Center FQoL Scale. The overall FQoL score was 3.90 ± 0.45, below the limit of four points considered satisfactory. Families felt more satisfied with the family interaction (4.11 ± 0.57), parenting (4.07 ± 0.42), and disability-related support (3.94 ± 0.62) domains, and less satisfied with the family's emotional (3.49 ± 0.73) and physical/material well-being (3.73 ± 0.74) domains. Paternal education, children's cardiopathy and autonomy in activities of daily living explained 24.5% of the variance in the overall FQoL. Measures are necessary to improve the emotional and physical/material well-being of families to reduce the family burden. Monitoring the child's cardiac condition and promoting independence in activities of daily living are also the main procedures.

Schistosomiasis mansoni and hydrographical conditions in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, schistosomiasis mansoni cases still occur, even in non-endemic areas. This study aimed to evaluate schistosomiasis mansoni cases and to delimit water collections investigated for infested planorbidae in São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study and spatial analysis of schistosomiasis mansoni cases notified in the city from January 2005 to December 2017 was conducted. The study used geographical information system software to map residential and leisure exposures to water courses and bodies and related them to planorbidae surveys of São Paulo state. RESULTS: During the study period, 32 cases were notified. The main forms were intestinal and hepatosplenic. Twenty-eight cases were allochthonous, two autochthonous and two indeterminate. Eleven patients (33.3%) had contact with water collections in São Carlos, mainly the 29 and Broa reservoirs. Three of them had contact only with water collections in the region. A third of cases lived in the Água Fria and Água Quente microbasins, highly impacted by the presence of domestic sewage, and the whole region seems to be colonized by Biomphalaria tenagophila. CONCLUSIONS: The resolution of anthropogenic contamination of water bodies is crucial for controlling schistosomiasis mansoni autochthony in São Carlos.

Quality of life of Brazilian families who have children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome: An exploratory cross-sectional study.

This exploratory cross-sectional study aimed to examine the family quality of life (FQoL) among 51 Brazilian families who have children with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome, a rare genetic disorder. Data were collected using sociodemographic and clinical data forms, as well as the Beach Center FQoL Scale, a 5-point Likert scale ranging from "very dissatisfied" (1) to "very satisfied" (5). The average score of the overall FQoL was 3.93 ± 0.64. Families' scores were higher for family interaction (4.17 ± 0.76), parenting (4.13 ± 0.61), and disability-related support (4.08 ± 0.76) domains, and lower for the family's emotional well-being (3.31 ± 0.96) and physical/material well-being (3.76 ± 0.82) domains. Family income, attendance at religious services, presence of ocular abnormalities, and aggressive behavior explained 46.2% of the variance in the overall FQoL. In summary, FQoL seems to be anchored in aspects such as family interaction and the care of parents, and be negatively affected by emotional issues, physical, and material limitations. In this context, psychological assistance should be provided to both parents and siblings whenever indicated, for improving emotional well-being and increasing family resilience. Additionally, investments in social policies, services, and human and material resources are needed to improve the physical and material conditions of families, promote better health care, and therefore reduce the family burden.

Family quality of life among families who have children with mild intellectual disability associated with mild autism spectrum disorder / Qualidade de vida familiar entre famílias que têm filhos com deficiência intelectual leve associada ao transtorno do espectro do autismo leve

ABSTRACT Background: Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often concomitant childhood developmental disorders. These disorders can alter family quality of life (FQoL). Objective: To investigate FQoL among families who have children with mild ID, associated with mild ASD. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study with 69 families who have children with mild ID and ASD, ranging from six to 16 years old, and who were provided with disability-related services in Brazil. Data were collected using a family sociodemographic questionnaire, an ID and ASD personal profile form, the Barthel index for activities of daily living and the Beach Center FQoL scale. Results: People with ID and ASD had an average score of 88.2±11.5 in the Barthel index, thus indicating moderate dependency in basic activities of daily living. The average total FQoL score (3.56±0.34) was lower than the scores for the "family interaction" (3.91±0.42; p<0.001), "parenting" (3.79±0.35; p<0.001) and "disability-related support" (3.98±0.16; p<0.001) domains; and higher than the scores for the "physical/material well-being" (3.19±0.64; p<0.001) and "emotional wellbeing" (2.75±0.62; p<0.001) domains. Parents' marital condition, monthly family income, family religious practice and effective communication skills among the people with ID and ASD were predictors for FQoL (R2=0.407; p<0.001). Conclusions: FQoL was sustained through factors such as family interaction and parents' care for their children. Improving families' emotional wellbeing and physical and material conditions is likely to positively affect the FQoL of these families.

RESUMO Antecedentes: Deficiência intelectual (DI) e transtorno do espectro do autismo (TEA) são distúrbios do desenvolvimento infantil frequentemente concomitantes que podem impactar na qualidade de vida familiar (QVF). Objetivo: Esta pesquisa avaliou a QVF entre famílias que têm filhos com DI leve associada a TEA leve. Métodos: Pesquisa transversal e descritiva, que investigou 69 famílias com filhos com DI e TEA leves, com idades entre seis e 16 anos, que recebiam serviços relacionados à deficiência no Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de formulário sociodemográfico, formulário de perfil da pessoa com DI e TEA, o índice de funcionalidade de Barthel e a Escala de QVF do Beach Center. Resultados: Os indivíduos com DI e TEA obtiveram pontuação média de 88,2±11,5 no índice de Barthel, o que indicou dependência moderada nas atividades básicas de vida diária. O escore médio da QVF total (3,56±0,34) foi menor que os escores dos domínios "interação familiar" (3,91±0,42; p<0,001), "cuidados dos pais com os filhos" (3,79±0,35; p<0,001) e "apoio ao deficiente" (3,98±0,16; p<0,001), e maior que os escores dos domínios "bem-estar físico-material" (3,19±0,64; p<0,001) e "bem-estar emocional" (2,75±0,62; p<0,001). Condição marital dos pais, renda mensal, prática religiosa e comunicação adequada dos indivíduos com DI e TEA foram preditores da QVF (R2=0,407; p<0,001). Conclusões: A QVF foi sustentada por aspectos como a interação familiar e o cuidado dos pais com os filhos. Melhorar o bem-estar emocional e as condições físicas e materiais familiares provavelmente afetará positivamente a qualidade de vida dessas famílias.

Family quality of life among families who have children with mild intellectual disability associated with mild autism spectrum disorder.

BACKGROUND: Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often concomitant childhood developmental disorders. These disorders can alter family quality of life (FQoL). OBJECTIVE: To investigate FQoL among families who have children with mild ID, associated with mild ASD. METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study with 69 families who have children with mild ID and ASD, ranging from six to 16 years old, and who were provided with disability-related services in Brazil. Data were collected using a family sociodemographic questionnaire, an ID and ASD personal profile form, the Barthel index for activities of daily living and the Beach Center FQoL scale. RESULTS: People with ID and ASD had an average score of 88.2±11.5 in the Barthel index, thus indicating moderate dependency in basic activities of daily living. The average total FQoL score (3.56±0.34) was lower than the scores for the "family interaction" (3.91±0.42; p<0.001), "parenting" (3.79±0.35; p<0.001) and "disability-related support" (3.98±0.16; p<0.001) domains; and higher than the scores for the "physical/material well-being" (3.19±0.64; p<0.001) and "emotional wellbeing" (2.75±0.62; p<0.001) domains. Parents' marital condition, monthly family income, family religious practice and effective communication skills among the people with ID and ASD were predictors for FQoL (R2=0.407; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FQoL was sustained through factors such as family interaction and parents' care for their children. Improving families' emotional wellbeing and physical and material conditions is likely to positively affect the FQoL of these families.

Alcohol Consumption During Pregnancy in Brazil: Elements of an Interpretive Approach.

With this research, we aimed to raise elements to enhance the understanding of alcohol consumption among pregnant women in Brazil. Fourteen women identified as alcohol consumers during pregnancy were interviewed. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy seemed to be associated with three groups of interconnected issues: subjective and individual issues (such as expectations, motivations, and women's difficulty in identifying their own consumption as risky); sociocultural and environmental issues (such as alcohol cultural value, easy access, and influence from relatives, friends, and partners); misinformation, inconsistent opinions publicized through media and lack of technically addressing the subject during prenatal care. Collective and individual health educative actions seem necessary to decrease alcohol consumption among Brazilian women with similar sociocultural characteristics. Media campaigns and explicit information about negative alcohol effects, articulated with individualized actions, such as a systematic approach of this theme during prenatal care, could allow earlier and more appropriate identification and intervention of women at risk.

Motivation for alcohol consumption or abstinence during pregnancy: A clinical-qualitative study in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, alcohol consumption is estimated to range from 7 to 40% in pregnant women. This research investigated the motivation for alcohol consumption or abstinence during pregnancy in a purposive sample of Brazilian women. METHODS: Clinical-qualitative research was conducted, in which 14 women participated, identified as risk-drinkers during pregnancy by the T-ACE screening tool. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews. Reports were recorded, transcribed and investigated by a thematic content analysis approach. The results were discussed based on a comprehensive and interpretive framework. RESULTS: Sixteen themes were extracted and these were then classified into three thematic categories: (a) general motives for alcohol use, (b) specific motives for drinking during pregnancy, and (c) reasons for partly or fully abstaining from drinking during pregnancy. Social motives were the most relevant, particularly due to deeply rooted cultural values. Enhancement motives were widely mentioned and associated with a hedonic posture. Consumption also aimed to deal with negative emotions, characterizing two types of coping specifically to pregnancy: first, perceiving pregnancy as a period of less opportunity for social interaction and, therefore, drinking alcohol at home to compensate; secondly, perceiving pregnancy as a period of greater irritability, and hence experiencing difficulties to abstain. On the other hand, concern about fetal health, disapproval of consumption by relatives and health professionals, as well as the social construction of mothering were reported as reasons to abstain. CONCLUSIONS: Some specificities influence the decision to continue or discontinue alcohol consumption during pregnancy. To reduce consumption, we suggest educational actions based on a collective health perspective, articulated with individualized measures that allow identification and proper intervention for women at risk.

Resistance training and caloric restriction prevent systolic blood pressure rise by improving the nitric oxide effect on smooth muscle and morphological changes in the aorta of ovariectomized rats.

In this study, we investigated the effects of resistance training (RT), caloric restriction (CR), and the association of both interventions in aortic vascular reactivity and morphological alterations, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, insulin resistance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in ovariectomized rats. Fifty female Holtzman rats were subjected to ovariectomy and Sham surgery and distributed into the following groups: Sham-sedentary, ovariectomized-sedentary, ovariectomized-resistance training, ovariectomized-caloric restriction, and ovariectomized-resistance training and caloric restriction groups. RT and 30% CR protocols were performed for 13 weeks. Analyses were conducted to evaluate the following: acetylcholine and sodium nitroprusside-induced relaxation of aortic rings, MMP-2 activity, insulin tolerance test, highlighting of the aorta wall cross-sectional area by hematoxylin-eosin stain, aorta vessel remodeling and SBP. We observed that ovariectomy decreased the potency of dependent and independent endothelium relaxation and MMP-2 activity, prevented insulin resistance, promoted aorta vessel remodeling in the cross-sectional area, and promoted the media-to-lumen ratio, the collagen content, and the alteration of the structure and elastic fibers of the vessel. The effects of the ovariectomy could contribute to SBP increases. However, the association of exercise and diet improved the relaxation potency in dependent and independent endothelium relaxation, elevated MMP-2 activity, ameliorate insulin sensitivity, increased the aorta cross-sectional area and media-to-lumen ratio, decreased collagen content and promoted histological parameters of the aorta vessel wall, preventing the increase of SBP. CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the RT and CR separately, and even associatively, improved vascular function, activated MMP-2, and produced a beneficial hypertrophic remodeling, preventing the elevation of SBP in ovariectomized rats.

Bacterial cellulose membrane used as biological dressings on third-degree burns in rats.

INTRODUCTION: Burn injuries represent a high risk of morbidity and mortality. The wound healing process is complex and requires the participation of different types of cells. Therefore, new biomaterials, which innovate the wound healing process, are being investigated. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the use of bacterial cellulose both in its pure state and enriched with lidocaine in full-thickness burns in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats (Wistar) (260 ± 20 gramas) divided into control group (CG), bacterial cellulose membrane group (MG) and bacterial cellulose membrane enriched with lidocaine group (MLG) were used. The burns were induced using a 150°C heated soldering iron, held on the animal neck for 10 seconds. The biomaterial was applied immediately after injury and skin samples were collected on the tenth day of the treatment. The level of significance of p⩽0.05 was used for the conclusion of the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The groups treated with the biomaterials, a histological pattern compatible with a more advanced repair stage showing skin appendages, mild inflammatory infiltrate, better collagen fiber organization and mild immunostaining COX-2 and MMP-9 was observed, when compared to the control group that did not receive any type of treatment. CONCLUSION: Thus, was concluded that the bacterial cellulose-based biomaterial both in its pure state and enriched with lidocaine optimizing the full-thickness burn wound healing in rats.

Comparative effects of two different doses of low-level laser therapy on wound healing third-degree burns in rats.

Burns are injuries caused by direct or indirect contact to chemical, physical, or biological agents. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is a promising treatment since it is low-cost, non-invasive, and induces cell proliferation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of LLLT (660 nm) at two different fluences (12.5 J/cm(2) and 25 J/cm(2) ) per point of application on third-degree burns in rats. Thirty rats (Wistar) divided into GC, GL12.5, and GL25 were used in the study, and submitted to burn injury through a soldering iron at 150°C, pressed on their back for 10 s. LLLT was applied immediately, and 2, 4, 6, and 8 days after wound induction. Histological analysis revealed a decreased inflammatory infiltrate in the group treated with 25 J/cm(2) , and intense inflammatory infiltrate in the control group and in the group treated with 12.5 J/cm(2) . The immunostaining of COX-2 was more intense in the control groups and in the group treated with 12.5 J/cm(2) than in the group treated with 25 J/cm(2) . Conversely, VEGF immunomarking was more expressive in the group treated with 25 J/cm(2) than it was in the other two groups. Therefore, our findings suggest that the use of 25 J/cm(2) and 1 J of energy was more effective in stimulating the cellular processes involved in tissue repair on third-degree burns in rats by reducing the inflammatory phase, and stimulating angiogenesis, thus restoring the local microcirculation which is essential for cell migration.

Metabolic and pancreatic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in mice fed high-fat diet.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multiple infusions of allogeneic MSCs on glucose homeostasis and morphometry of pancreatic islets in high- fat diet (HFD) fed mice. Swiss mice were fed standard diet (C group) or HFD (HFD group). After 8 weeks, animals of HFD group received sterile phosphate-buffered saline infusions (HFD-PBS) or four infusions of MSCs one week apart (HFD-MSCs). Fasting glycemia (FG) was determined weekly and glucose (GTT) and insulin (ITT) tolerance tests were performed 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks after the infusions of MSCs. The MSCs transplanted mice were classified as responder (FG < 180 mg/dL, 72.2% of transplanted mice) or non-responder (FG > 180mg/dL, 28.8%) Seven weeks after MSCs infusions, FG decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared with the HFD-PBS group. Sixteen weeks post MSCs infusions, GTT and ITT areas under the curve (AUC) decreased in HFD-MSCs responder mice compared to HFD-PBS group. Serum insulin concentration was higher in HFD-PBS group than in control animals and was not different compared with the other groups. The relative volume of α-cells was significantly smaller in HFD-PBS group than in C group and significantly higher in HFD-MSCs-NR than in HFD-PBS and HFD-MSCs-R groups. Cell apoptosis in the islets was higher in HFD-PBS group than in C group, and lower in HFD-MSCs responder mice than in HFD-PBS group and non-responder animals. The results demonstrate the ability of multiple infusions of MSCs to promote prolonged decrease in hyperglycemia and apoptosis in pancreatic islets and increase in insulin sensitivity in HFD fed mice.