Experiences of intensive care unit nurses with COVID-19 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the experiences of intensive care unit nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19. METHODS: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology in which 20 nurses who work in intensive care units at public and private hospitals were interviewed between July and September 2020. Data were analyzed according to the adopted theoretical-methodological framework and the literature related to the subject. RESULTS: The interviewed nurses mentioned demands about working conditions, professional recognition and training, and support to physical and mental health, which proved necessary considering the care intensity experienced by these professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSION: Learning the nurses' experiences evidenced the need to adjust to a new way of providing care that included the physical space, new institutional protocols, continuous use of protective equipment, and patients' demand for special care. This originated the necessity to be around situations that interfered with their health and motivated them to carry out professional projects after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Experiences of intensive care unit nurses with COVID-19 patients / Experiencia de enfermeros actuantes en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva con pacientes infectados por COVID-19 / Vivência de enfermeiros que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com pacientes infectados pela COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the experiences of intensive care unit nurses who provide care to patients with COVID-19. Methods: Qualitative study grounded in Alfred Schütz's social phenomenology in which 20 nurses who work in intensive care units at public and private hospitals were interviewed between July and September 2020. Data were analyzed according to the adopted theoretical-methodological framework and the literature related to the subject. Results: The interviewed nurses mentioned demands about working conditions, professional recognition and training, and support to physical and mental health, which proved necessary considering the care intensity experienced by these professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Learning the nurses' experiences evidenced the need to adjust to a new way of providing care that included the physical space, new institutional protocols, continuous use of protective equipment, and patients' demand for special care. This originated the necessity to be around situations that interfered with their health and motivated them to carry out professional projects after the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender la experiencia de enfermeros actuantes en Unidad de Terapia Intensiva con pacientes infectados por COVID-19. Método: Investigación cualitativa basada en la fenomenología social de Alfred Schütz, entrevistándose a 20 enfermeros actuantes en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de hospitales públicos y privados, entre julio y setiembre de 2020. Datos analizados según referencial teórico-metodológico adoptado, y con literatura correspondiente al tema. Resultados: Los enfermeros manifiestan demandas relacionadas a condiciones laborales, valoración y capacitación profesional, además del apoyo a la salud física y mental, considerando la intensa atención practicada en pandemia. Conclusión: La comprensión de la experiencia de los enfermeros mostró que fue necesario adaptarse a ese nuevo modo de cuidar, que incluye espacio físico, nuevos protocolos institucionales, uso permanente de equipos de protección y atención diferenciada requerida por los pacientes. Esto generó necesidad de convivir con situaciones que interferían en su salud y en la motivación para realizar proyectos para la vida profesional luego de la pandemia por el nuevo coronavirus.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a vivência de enfermeiros que atuam na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva com pacientes infectados pela COVID-19. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada na fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz, que entrevistou 20 enfermeiros atuantes em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de hospitais públicos e privados, entre julho e setembro de 2020. Os dados foram analisados de acordo com o referencial teórico-metodológico adotado e com a literatura pertinente à temática. Resultados: Os enfermeiros apontam demandas relacionadas às condições de trabalho, valorização e capacitação profissional, além do apoio à saúde física e mental, considerando-se a intensidade do cuidado vivenciado durante a pandemia. Conclusão: A compreensão da vivência dos enfermeiros mostrou que houve necessidade de adaptação a esse novo modo de cuidar que inclui o espaço físico, novos protocolos institucionais, uso contínuo de equipamentos de proteção e cuidado diferenciado requerido pelos pacientes. Isso gerou a necessidade de conviver com situações que interferiam em sua saúde, bem como na motivação para realização de projetos para a vida profissional, após a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus.

Intimate Partner Violence Among Older Portuguese Immigrant Women in Canada.

One third of the immigrant population around the world is made up of women. Of these women, many belong to the Portuguese community. Immigrants account for more than one in five Canadians. The Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada are vulnerable to be victims of intimate partner violence (IPV), which is a prevalent and important global health issue that affects differently diverse groups. There are few available researches regarding IPV on this population. The objective of this study is to understand how Portuguese older immigrant women living in Canada experience IPV. This is a qualitative study with a social phenomenological focus. Alfred Schutz's motivation theory was used to analyze the impulses that led older women to face IPV. The data were collected from July to October 2013 in the Greater Toronto Area. Ten women 60 years or older were included in the study. The participants perceived themselves as being victimized by their current or ex partners. They are unhappy and suffer from a variety of health problems, which they related to their experience of IPV. These factors, along with participants' personal beliefs, and their legal situations as immigrants in Canada, made them act, either in a way that would try to maintain their relationships, or tried to escape the violent situation. IPV is a complex phenomenon, with different perceptions surrounding it. The experiences of the older immigrant women showed that ending the marriage is not always a possibility to them because of cultural issues and their immigrant status in Canada. Some women wish help and support to improve their relationships.

[Teaching and learning in the clinical field: perspective of teachers, nurses and nursing students]. / Ensinar e aprender no campo clínico: perspectiva de docentes, enfermeiras e estudantes de enfermagem.

This is a qualitative research, which used the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz approach. Its purpose was meeting and discussing the expectations of teachers, nurses and students about teaching in the clinical field. Nine teachers, eleven nurses and eleven students of the Nursing Graduation grade from a public university of São Paulo were included in this study. Data were collected in 2012. As the results showed, there are expectations about the link between theory and practice that clinical teaching can offer and also the desire that such instruction enable the learners to develop a pro-active and participatory attitude. The reciprocity of perspectives was evident and should be considered when academic projects focused on nursing education are developed.

[The daily life of men who lives with chronic venous ulcer: phenomenological study]. / O cotidiano do homem que convive com a úlcera venosa crônica: estudo fenomenológico.

The chronic venous leg ulcer is the major therapeutic problem of lower limb injuries, which can trigger changes in the daily life of the person affected by it. This study aimed to understand the daily life of men who lives with chronic venous ulcers. A phenomenological study was conducted with eight men, who were interviewed during June and July of 2001. The study asked questions related to: "Restrictions in social life" and "Recovering the skin integrity and restart the activities affected by the wound". The answers revealed that men with these ulcers have social implications in the areas of productivity and sexuality. This leads to restrictions in everyday life with loss in performance of socially established roles for men, leading to anxiety for his return at full performance of his social role. The findings suggest significant experiential aspects that may guide professionals in the planning and implementation of health actions aimed to treat these patients.

The experience of women with abortion during adolescence as demanded by their mothers.

OBJECTIVE: to understand the experience of women who induced an abortion during adolescence as demanded by their mothers. METHOD: qualitative study with a social phenomenology approach conducted in 2010 with three women through interviews with open questions. RESULTS: the participants tried to hide their pregnancies from their mothers and when the mothers found out about the pregnancies they decide to interrupt it, demanding that their daughters have an abortion, which was performed in an unsafe manner, regardless of the adolescents' desire. After the abortion, the adolescents experienced suffering, guilt, and regret for not having fought against their mothers' decisions. These women expect to be autonomous to make their own decisions, take care of their own health and become pregnant again. CONCLUSION: the study evidenced the decision for an abortion was centered on the adolescents' mothers, a result that deserves to be further explored in future research deepening the relationship established between daughter and mother in the situation of an induced abortion. We suggest the creation of opportunities for the triad of health professional/adolescent/family to dialogue, especially the mother, who in the context of family relations, can help the daughter to safely deal with an early pregnancy and prevent it instead of influencing the adolescent to induce an abortion.

[Elderly women: revealing their experiences and care needs]. / Mulheres idosas: desvelando suas vivências e necessidades de cuidado.

This qualitative study used a social phenomenology approach to elucidate the experiences, care needs and expectations of the elderly women. Nine elderly women were interviewed between February and May 2011 using a semi-structured questionnaire. The elderly women referred to their physical, mental, and social limitations. They valued ​​the preservation of their autonomy in daily activities and in self-care and considered their families to be a fundamental support. They had expectations of remaining healthy, pursuing leisure activities, and having improved access to healthcare information and treatment. The absence of prospects at this stage of life was related to the loss of significant people and the loss of health. The results of this study reveal important aspects of the experiences of elderly women and encourage further research and improvement in teaching, clinical practice and management policies in relation to the needs of these women.

[The social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz and its contribution for the nursing]. / A fenomenologia social de Alfred Schütz e sua contribuição para a enfermagem.

Nursing care can be considered a social action that is set in the everyday world, where intersubjective relations are established and must be valued by the nurse in the different contexts in which it acts. It is a theoretical study which aimed to highlight the main concepts of the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz's and its contribution to Nursing as a knowledge and professional practice field. The following questions guided this study: what is the understanding of caring in Nursing from the perspective of the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz's? How to apply Alfred Schütz's theoretical concepts in the action of caring in Nursing? The theoretical concepts of the social phenomenology and their interface with Nursing were delimited. By incorporating the concepts of the t theory of social action developed by Alfred Schütz into Nursing, this study allows nurses to value and apply the aspects highlighted by this theoretical framework within healthcare, education and scientific research.

[The care needs of women infected with the human papilloma virus: a comprehensive approach]. / Necessidades de cuidados de mulheres infectadas pelo papilomavírus humano: uma abordagem compreensiva.

This study is founded on the phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, with the objective to understand the care needs of women infected with the human papilloma virus. Participants were fourteen women who had been diagnosed with this infection. The guiding questions were: What is it like to have this diagnosis? Tell me your experience, from when you received your diagnosis until today. What has your health care been like? The questions revealed the theme - seeking care as solitude - which showed the importance of the support of family and friends. The presence of the infection as the cause of marital conflicts and separation was another highlighted aspect. The statements showed that there was a sense of resignation after an unsuccessful attempt to find accurate and clear information in order to make assertive decisions. Health interventions for infected women must overcome the traditional models of care, including interventions for health promotion and prevention, with trained professionals who are sensitive to the subjective dimension.

Nurses and care delivery to elderly women: a social phenomenological approach.

OBJECTIVE: To understand how nurses see care delivery to elderly women. METHODS: In this phenomenological study, ten nurses working at Primary Health Care Units were interviewed between September 2010 and January 2011. RESULTS: In care delivery, nurses consider the elderly women's knowledge background and biographical situation, and also value the family's participation as a care mediator. These professionals have the acuity to capture these women's specific demands, but face difficulties to deliver care to these clients. Nurses expect to deliver qualified care to these women. CONCLUSION: The theoretical and methodological approach of social phenomenology permitted revealing that the nurse designs qualified care to elderly women, considering the possibilities in the context. This includes the participation of different social actors and health sectors, assuming collective efforts in action strategies and professional training, in line with the particularities and care needs of elderly women nurses identify.

The municipal solid waste and the quality of life of collectors of recyclable materials in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais.

The generation growing and diversified of Municipal Solid Waste is configured as an environmental problem, economic and social deterioration, especially, by application of inappropriate management of them. Faced with this urban context, the research in development presents as specific objective assessment of the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials were active in the city of Juiz de Fora, in the brazilian state of Minas Gerais. In addition, the objective is, still, the recognition of the activity of sorting performed by "scavengers" in order to maximize the reduction, reuse and recycling energy and material waste daily. The proposed methodology is based on the application of the questionnaire Word Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100), prepared by the World Health Organization, in order to value the quality of life of the gatherers of recyclable materials, involved, even in educational workshops in order to discuss and organize strategies of health care and scouting to the basement to public policies.

[Permanent education in nursing in a university hospital]. / Educação permanente em enfermagem em um hospital universitário.

Permanent education emphasizes on the interdisciplinarity of the health team, focuses on practice as the source of knowledge and places professionals as active actors of the educational process. The objective of this study was to identify demands and expectations, i.e. factors that interfere in the qualification of nursing workers of a university hospital, and propose capacitation practices from the perspective of permanent education. The investigation process founded on the principles of action-research was performed from 2007 to 2008. Subjects were nurses, nursing technicians and nursing aides. Data collection was performed in training workshops with 114 nursing workers. The results permitted to identify the institutional conditions in which educational actions take place, the possibility of mobilizing workers to identify and solve problems at works, and the need to make changes in training practices. This study provided support for elaborating a proposal of a Center for Permanent Education in Nursing at the institution.

The role of the nurse in the neonatal intensive care unit: between the ideal, the real and the possible.

The nurse is one of the professionals responsible for the care directed toward the physical, mental and social development of newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. This study aimed to comprehend the experience of nurses working in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data collection was performed in 2008, through interviews with 12 nurses working in public and private hospitals of the city of São Paulo. The units of meaning identified were grouped into three categories: Developing actions; Perceiving their actions and Expectations. The analysis was based on social phenomenology. It was concluded that the overload of activities, the reduced number of staff, the lack of materials, equipment and the need for professional improvement are the reality of the work of the nurse in this sector. To supervise the care is the possible; integral care of the newborn, involving the parents, is the ideal desired.

[Experiencing care in the birthing center context: the users' perspective]. / Vivenciando o cuidado no contexto de uma casa de parto: o olhar das usuárias.

In Brazil, the delivery and birth care model in Brazil has been the topic of many studies and discussions about introducing obstetric practices that take women's autonomy into account in the parturition process. Birthing Centers propose models that represent a new scenario to deliver such care. The objective of this was to understand the experience of women in labor in the context of a Birthing Center located in the city of São Paulo. Data was collected from March to October 2007 and analyzed according to the Alfred Schütz social phenomenology framework. Seven women participated in this study. Results showed that women choose the Birthing Center expecting to receive humanized care and that, within this context, they have positive and negative experiences. It is imperative to discuss public policies for delivery care, as well as its implementation and impact on perinatal health indicators.

[Bachelor and teaching degree in nursing: experiences and expectations of nursing students]. / Licenciatura e bacharelado em enfermagem: experiências e expectativas de estudantes.

This is a phenomenological study that aimed to understand the experience of the student enrolled in both the Bachelor and the teaching undergraduate degree in nursing at the same time. Interviews with eight nursing students from a public university of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were undertaken. Analyses were conducted based on the social phenomenology of Alfred Schütz. Results showed that according to the pupils, there is no connection between the teaching courses and the Bachelor ones, but they also highlighted that the teaching degree helps educational activities in nursing. The students have interest in working with health education and to become nursing teachers. They also consider that the dual degree allows the expansion of knowledge and generates better expectations related to professional practice. However, it has gaps which need to be reviewed by those who work in nursing education, addressing the specific theoretical and practical needs of nursing students.

Caring for newborns in the presence of their parents: the experience of nurses in the neonatal intensive care unit.

The nurse has a key role in involving parents in the care of newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to comprehend how the nurses experience the care provided to newborns in the presence of the parents. This is a qualitative study using social phenomenology, with the participation of seven nurses, interviewed between January and February 2009. The nurses perceived the needs of parents; had positive expectations regarding the care provided and acknowledge themselves to be the link between them, helping them to live with the hospitalized child. However, in emergencies, the nurses had difficulties in caring for the neonate in the presence of the parents. The nurses positively evaluated the presence of parents in the neonatal intensive care unit, involving them permanently in the care of the newborn. The study evokes the emergence of a care context (nurse/neonate/parents) that precedes the proximity between the subjects and the demands presented by them.

[Health education as a strategy for the promotion of oral health in the pregnancy period]. / Educação em saúde como estratégia de promoção de saúde bucal em gestantes.

This literature revision is intended to discuss the importance of health education as a strategy to oral health promotion in the pregnancy period. The most common mouth manifestations during pregnancy have been studied, and the conclusion is that, although pregnancy itself is not responsible for such manifestations in the mouth, e.g. dental decay and periodontal diseases, a dentistry follow-up during prenatal care is necessary, considering that hormonal alterations in pregnancy may aggravate the diseases contracted. The oral health promotion for pregnant women has been focused on mouth health education, considering it an important part of the Program of Attention to Women's Health, as recommended by the current National Politics' Mouth Health Policy. It is considered that, by means of mouth health education activities, implemented during prenatal care by a multiprofessional team, under an oral surgeon, women may be aware of the importance of their role in the attainment and maintenance of positive mouth health habits in family environment and act as an agent to multiply preventive and mouth-health-promotion information.

[Promoting affective attachment at the neonatal intensive care unit: a challenge for nurses]. / Promoção de vínculo afetivo na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal: um desafio para as enfermeiras.

The study was motivated by observations of the routine at neonatal intensive care units (NICU), thoughts about the dichotomy between theory, discourse, and the practice of many nurses towards the newborns' parents. The objectives were to learn about nurses' experiences regarding neonatal care to newborns and their parents, and to understand how nurses experience the process of affective attachment between newborns hospitalized at NICUs and their parents. This study was developed according to the social phenomenology approach of Alfred Schütz. Study subjects were eight practical nurses who had worked at NICU of public and private hospitals. Categories of experience emerged from the discourses, including Human Contact. The analysis revealed that nurses see themselves as the connection between parents and children, and believe they play an important role in creating the affective attachment between parent and child.

[The constitution of the ways students and egresses of a nursing course perceive madness: a study with the approach of social phenomenology]. / A constituição dos modos de perceber a loucura por alunos e egressos do Curso de graduação em enfermagem: um estudo com o enfoque da Fenomenologia Social.

Qualitative study with the approach of the Social Phenomenology that had as objective to know graduation students and egresses of a Nursing School percieve mental patient and, to understand how the education of psychiatric nursing reflects in this process. The "living student-type" perceives the mental patient as a different person, violent, without control, who loses the reason, without abilities and conditions of living socially, who awakes conflicting emotions as fear, prejudice and compassion. The egresses have mental patients as a person who needs help, because the lack of knowledge, psychic and emotional resources of the professionals, the relatives and the society favors the segregation and the exclusion. Thus, the education needs the practice subsidized theoretically by the axes that support the principles of the Psychiatric Reformation.