Larvicidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Cry11Aa toxin against Haemonchus contortus.

Effective control of gastrointestinal parasites is necessary in sheep production. The development of anthelmintics resistance is causing the available chemically based anthelmintics to become less effective. Biological control strategies present an alternative to this problem. In the current study, we tested the larvicidal effects of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Cry11Aa toxin against Haemonchus contortus larvae. Bacterial suspensions [2 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of the feces] of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and recombinant Escherichia coli expressing Cry11Aa toxin were added to naturally H. contortus egg-contaminated feces. The larvae were quantified, and significant reductions of 62 and 81% (P < 0·001) were, respectively observed, compared with the control group. A 30 mL bacterial suspension (1 × 108 CFU mL-1) of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis and recombinant E. coli expressing Cry11Aa toxin were then orally administered to lambs naturally infected with H. contortus. Twelve hours after administration, feces were collected and submitted to coprocultures. Significant larvae reductions (P < 0·001) of 79 and 90% were observed respectively compared with the control group. The results suggest that the Cry11Aa toxin of B. thuringiensis var. israelensis is a promising new class of biological anthelmintics for treating sheep against H. contortus.

Recombinant gp19 as a potential antigen for detecting anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies in dog sera

The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by Ehrlichia canis, is endemic in several regions of Brazil. Some serological diagnostic techniques using immunodominant proteins of E. canis as antigens are available, but their specificities and sensitivities are questionable. Based on this, the objective of this study was to test the antigenic potential of the recombinant gp19 protein (rGP19) for subsequent use in diagnostic tests. The rGP19 expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) C41 was recognized in the sera from experimentally infected dogs using ELISA and Western blotting. Thus, it was possible to obtain a promising antigen with the ability to differentiate between E. canis-positive and -negative animals, even 1 week after infection.

A erliquiose monocítica canina, causada por Ehrlichia canis, é uma doença endêmica em diversas regiões do Brasil. Algumas técnicas de diagnóstico sorológico, utilizando proteínas imunodominantes de E. canis como antígenos, estão disponíveis, porém suas especificidades e sensibilidades são questionáveis. Com base nesse fato, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o potencial antigênico da proteína GP19 recombinante (rGP19) para posterior utilização em testes diagnósticos. A rGP19, expressa em E. coli cepa BL21 (DE3) C41, foi reconhecida por soros de cães experimentalmente infectados pelas técnicas de ELISA e Western blotting. Dessa maneira, conseguiu-se obter um antígeno promissor com a capacidade de diferenciar animais positivos de negativos, até mesmo uma semana após a infecção.

Recombinant gp19 as a potential antigen for detecting anti-Ehrlichia canis antibodies in dog sera

The canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, caused by Ehrlichia canis, is endemic in several regions of Brazil. Some serological diagnostic techniques using immunodominant proteins of E. canis as antigens are available, but their specificities and sensitivities are questionable. Based on this, the objective of this study was to test the antigenic potential of the recombinant gp19 protein (rGP19) for subsequent use in diagnostic tests. The rGP19 expressed in the Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3) C41 was recognized in the sera from experimentally infected dogs using ELISA and Western blotting. Thus, it was possible to obtain a promising antigen with the ability to differentiate between E. canis-positive and -negative animals, even 1 week after infection.

A erliquiose monocítica canina, causada por Ehrlichia canis, é uma doença endêmica em diversas regiões do Brasil. Algumas técnicas de diagnóstico sorológico, utilizando proteínas imunodominantes de E. canis como antígenos, estão disponíveis, porém suas especificidades e sensibilidades são questionáveis. Com base nesse fato, o objetivo deste trabalho foi testar o potencial antigênico da proteína GP19 recombinante (rGP19) para posterior utilização em testes diagnósticos. A rGP19, expressa em E. coli cepa BL21 (DE3) C41, foi reconhecida por soros de cães experimentalmente infectados pelas técnicas de ELISA e Western blotting. Dessa maneira, conseguiu-se obter um antígeno promissor com a capacidade de diferenciar animais positivos de negativos, até mesmo uma semana após a infecção.

The immune modulation of Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi in mice immunized with experimental inactivated Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 vaccine.

In recent years, there been significant progress toward develop more efficient vaccines. Different compounds with adjuvant capacity have been tested; however, no compound has emerged that suitable for universal use. Several efforts have been made to produce effective vaccines against Bovine herpesvirus 5 (BoHV-5), an important cattle pathogen. In this study we examine the use the probiotic Bacillus cereus var. Toyoi as a potential adjuvant to improve BoHV-5 vaccine efficacy. We observed in the supplemented animals a systemic enhanced IgG antibody response toward Th1, and increased IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 cytokines mRNA levels. These results suggest that this probiotic could provide a promising means of improving vaccine efficacy, particularly those vaccines that rely on a cell-mediated immune response.

Inequalities in dental services utilization among Brazilian low-income children: the role of individual determinants.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the role of the individual determinants on the inequalities of dental services utilization among low-income children living in the working area of Brazilian's federal Primary Health Care program, which is called Family Health Program (FHP), in a big city in Southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was performed. The sample included 350 children, ages 0 to 14 years, whose parents answered a questionnaire about their socioeconomic conditions, perceived needs, oral hygiene habits, and access to dental services. The data analysis was performed according to a conceptual framework based on Andersen's behavioral model of health services use. Multivariate models of logistic regression analysis instructed the hypothesis on covariates for never having had a dental visit. RESULTS: Thirty one percent of the surveyed children had never had a dental visit. In the bivariate analysis, higher proportion of children who had never had a dental visit was found among the very young, those with inadequate oral hygiene habits, those without perceived need of dental care, and those whose family homes were under absent ownership. The mechanisms of social support showed to be important enabling factors: children attending schools/kindergartens and being regularly monitored by the FHP teams had higher odds of having gone to the dentist, even after adjusting for socioeconomic, demographic, and need variables. CONCLUSIONS: The conceptual framework has confirmed the presence of social and psychosocial inequalities on the utilization pattern of dental services for low-income children. The individual determinants seem to be important predictors of access.