Effects of salinity on growth and survival in five Artemia franciscana (Anostraca: Artemiidae) populations from Mexico Pacific Coast.

Salinity is an important factor influencing growth and survival of aquatic organisms such as Artemia, a valuable aquaculture species. This study evaluated the effects of salinity on A. franciscana populations from different water bodies in Mexico's Pacific Coast. With this purpose, five autochthonous bisexual Artemia populations were tested to assess their survival and growth values against salinities of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 g/l, under laboratory conditions (25 +/- 2 degrees C; pH 8-10; constant light and aeration). The organisms were fed with 100 mL of rice bran and 2L of Tetraselmis suecica (500 000 cel/ml). The culture experiments were made in 200L plastic tanks, and survival and growth final values were obtained after 21 culture days. Survival and growth curves were determined by a regression analysis (R2). The significant differences between salinities were determined by ANOVA test (p < 0.05). The best survival and growth rates were found at salinities of 100-120 g/l. When the Mexican Artemia populations were cultivated at 40 g/l of salinity, 100% mortality was observed in the juvenile stage. This study determined that survival and growth values of A. franciscana populations increased with salinity. The five A. franciscana populations presented significant differences in their survival rate under various salinity regimes. The studied populations experienced high mortality at salinities under 60 g/l and over 200 g/l, and especially during the metanauplius stage. The present study confirms that growth rates in Mexican A. franciscana populations from Pacific Coast habitats are not inversely proportional to salinity. These A. franciscana populations should be cultured at 100-120 g/l of salinity to obtain better survival and growth rates. This data is useful to improve culture systems in aquaculture biomass production systems.

Effects of salinity on growth and survival in five Artemia franciscana (Anostraca: Artemiidae) populations from Mexico Pacific Coast

Salinity is an important factor influencing growth and survival of aquatic organisms such as Artemia, a valuable aquaculture species. This study evaluated the effects of salinity on A. franciscana populations from different water bodies in Mexico’s Pacific Coast. With this purpose, five autochthonous bisexual Artemia populations were tested to assess their survival and growth values against salinities of 40, 60, 80, 100 and 120g/l, under laboratory conditions (25±2ºC; pH 8-10; constant light and aeration). The organisms were fed with 100mL of rice bran and 2L of Tetraselmis suecica (500 000cel/ml). The culture experiments were made in 200L plastic tanks, and survival and growth final values were obtained after 21 culture days. Survival and growth curves were determined by a regression analysis (R²). The significant differences between salinities were determined by ANOVA test (p<0.05). The best survival and growth rates were found at salinities of 100-120g/l. When the Mexican Artemia populations were cultivated at 40g/l of salinity, 100% mortality was observed in the juvenile stage. This study determined that survival and growth values of A. franciscana populations increased with salinity. The five A. franciscana populations presented significant differences in their survival rate under various salinity regimes. The studied populations experienced high mortality at salinities under 60g/l and over 200g/l, and especially during the metanauplius stage. The present study confirms that growth rates in Mexican A. franciscana populations from Pacific Coast habitats are not inversely proportional to salinity. These A. franciscana populations should be cultured at 100-120g/l of salinity to obtain better survival and growth rates. This data is useful to improve culture systems in aquaculture biomass production systems. Rev. Biol. Trop. 59 (1): 199-206. Epub 2011 March 01.

La salinidad es el factor más importante que modifica el crecimiento y la sobrevivencia de las poblaciones mexicanas de Artemia en el mundo. El efecto de este factor en las poblaciones costeras del Pacífico Mexicano ha sido poco estudiado. Cinco poblaciones bisexuales de Artemia provenientes de cuerpos de aguas costeras del Pacífico Mexicano, se estudiaron para determinar el efecto que tiene la salinidad de 40, 60, 80, 100 y 120g/l sobre la sobrevivencia y el crecimiento, en condiciones de laboratorio (25±2ºC, pH 8-10; luz y aireación continua). Los experimentos de cultivo fueron realizados en tanques de plástico de 200l. Los valores finales de sobrevivencia y crecimiento fueron determinados después de 21 días de cultivo. Los organismos fueron alimentados con 100ml de salvado de arroz y 2l de Tetraselmis suecica (500cel/ml). Las curvas de sobrevivencia y crecimiento fueron determinadas usando un análisis de regresión (R²). Las diferencias significativas entre los valores promedio a las distintas salinidades fueron determinadas por una prueba de ANDEVA (p<0.05). Las mejores tasa de sobrevivencia y crecimiento se encontraron a la salinidad de 100-120g/l. Cuando las poblaciones mexicanas fueron cultivadas a 40 g/l de salinidad, hubo una mortalidad del 100% de los organismos en estadio juvenil. A la salinidad de 80g/l, los valores de sobrevivencia y crecimiento, fueron menores que cuando se cultivaron entre 100 y 120g/l. Las cinco poblaciones bisexuales de A. franciscana presentaron diferencias significativas en sus tasas de sobrevivencia bajo las salinidades estudiadas. Las tasas de sobrevivencia fueron afectadas por la salinidad. Las poblaciones estudiadas experimentaron alta mortalidad a salinidades por debajo de 60 g/l y por arriba de 200g/l. Es importante mencionar que las altas mortalidades se observaron en el estadio metanauplios. El presente trabajo confirma que las tasas de crecimiento de las poblaciones que costeras del Pacífico Mexicano de A. franciscana no son inversamente proporcionales a la salinidad. Las poblaciones de A. franciscana deben de ser cultivadas a una salinidad de 100-120g/l para obtener mejores tasas de sobrevivencia y crecimiento. Estos datos permiten realizar mejoras en los sistemas de cultivo de este crustáceo para la obtención de biomasa para la acuicultura.

[Composition of fat acids in three Mexican populations of Artemia franciscana from epicontinental waters]. / Composici6n del contenido de ácidos grasos en tres poblaciones mexicanas de Artemia franciscana de aguas epicontinentales.

In this paper is presented the percentage of fatty acids composition of three Artemia franciscana Mexican populations of epicontinentals waters; two are from natural environments (Coahuila and San Luis Potosf) and one (Texcoco) is a culture fed with Spirulina. Determination of fatty acids composition in each population, was performed by extraction of total lipid by the soxhlet method and the fatty acids methyl esters were determined by gas chromatography. The results show that Artemia of Texcoco contains the six fatty acids recommended for the culture of fish and crustaceans (16:0; 16:1; 18:1; 18:2w6; 18:3w3 and 20:5w3); Artemia from San Luis Potosi showed the poorest content in these acids and Artemia from Coahuila, although it showed a wide profile, it lacks the linolenic acid. When comparing results among the three populations with ecological data that have been published, it can be pointed out that the environment is decisive for this crustacean; Artemia from Texcoco fed with Spirulina showed the largest variety of fatty acids; the other two populations are wild, and lives in different habitats, Artemia of Coahuila is found in waters that are rich in sulfates and Artemia of San Luis Potosf lives in evaporation saltern ponds, built with stone blocks and therefore with scarce phytoplankton growth. Both Artemia populations showed deficiencies in essential fatty acids, mainly the last one.