Particularidades de la educación sexual en Cuba / Peculiarities of sex education in Cuba

Se expone un estudio evolutivo de las particularidades del proceso de la educación de la sexualidad en Cuba desde los puntos de vista pedagógico, psicológico y sociológico, en el cual se utilizó el método histórico-lógico para la determinación de las tendencias históricas. Asimismo, para el análisis se empleó el enfoque teórico-metodológico del proceso de educación de la sexualidad en la crítica social, implementado en el Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual elaborado por el Centro Nacional de Educación Sexual (CENESEX) y se identificaron 4 etapas de su desarrollo, así como las tendencias en sus transformaciones(AU)

A developmental study of peculiarities of the sex education process in Cuba from the pedagogical, psychological and sociological points of view is presented, which used the historical and logical method for determining historical trends. Also, the analysis was performed using the theoretical and methodological approach to the process of sex education in social criticism, implemented in the National Sex Education Program developed by the National Center of Sex Education(CENESEX), and 4 stages of its development were identified, as well as the trends in its transformations(AU)

Particularidades de la educación sexual en Cuba / Peculiarities of sex education in Cuba

Se expone un estudio evolutivo de las particularidades del proceso de la educación de la sexualidad en Cuba desde los puntos de vista pedagógico, psicológico y sociológico, en el cual se utilizó el método histórico-lógico para la determinación de las tendencias históricas. Asimismo, para el análisis se empleó el enfoque teórico-metodológico del proceso de educación de la sexualidad en la crítica social, implementado en el Programa Nacional de Educación Sexual elaborado por el Centro Nacional de Educación Sexual (CENESEX) y se identificaron 4 etapas de su desarrollo, así como las tendencias en sus transformaciones.

A developmental study of peculiarities of the sex education process in Cuba from the pedagogical, psychological and sociological points of view is presented, which used the historical and logical method for determining historical trends. Also, the analysis was performed using the theoretical and methodological approach to the process of sex education in social criticism, implemented in the National Sex Education Program developed by the National Center of Sex Education(CENESEX), and 4 stages of its development were identified, as well as the trends in its transformations.

Fly ash from a Mexican mineral coal I: Mineralogical and chemical characterization.

The properties of coal fly ash are strongly dependent on the geological origin and the combustion process of the coal. It is important to characterize regional fly ash in detail to ascertain its potential uses as raw material in the production of high value products. The physicochemical properties of fly ash coming from the "Jose Lopez Portillo" coal-fired power plant, Coahuila, Mexico (MFA), are presented in this work. A detailed study of trace elements, the chemical composition of the amorphous phase, thermal stability and the leaching of contaminant elements under different conditions are included. MFA is composed of mullite, quartz, calcite, magnetite and an amorphous phase. This material contains mainly silica (59.6%), alumina (22.8%) and magnetite (5.6%). Its amorphous phase (78.3%) has a high silica (49.4%) and alumina (14.4%) content. According to its mineralogical and chemical composition, MFA is potentially useful as a raw material for making cement, silica, and alumina, as well as low silica/alumina ratio zeolites. Deleterious elements could be removed during the zeolitization process or with an additional acid treatment. Because of its morphological properties and structural and thermal stability, MFA can be used in thermal isolation and refractory materials and as a support for heterogeneous catalysts.

Perfil académico del personal de enfermería en el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social 2005-2006 / Academic profile of nursing personnelin the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 2005-2006

Introducción: El Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) es el principal proveedor de servicios de salud en México. La creciente demanda de enfermedades crónico-degenerativas lo han obligado a reorganizar y descentralizar la atención, esto requiere de acciones estratégicas que fortalezcan la fuerza de trabajo. A partir de 2001 en el Instituto se implantó un Programa de Profesionalización con el propósito de incrementar el nivel profesional hasta lograr el grado académico de licenciatura del personal de enfermería. Objetivos: Determinar el nivel académico del personal de enfermería del IMSS. Metodología: De un total de enfermeras en el Régimen Obligatorio de 86,088 y en IMSS-Oportunidades de 11,603 se autoaplicó un cuestionario de 28 preguntas cerradas en relación a las características personales, laborales y académicas del personal que se encontraba en ese momento en las unidades. Se utilizó análisis descriptivo. Resultados: Contestaron la encuesta 77.8% de Régimen Obligatorio y 90.2% de IMSS-Oportunidades, 17% del personal de enfermería del Régimen Obligatorio y 5% del personal de enfermería de IMSS-Oportunidades cuentan con licenciatura. La mitad del personal encuestado realizó la licenciatura a través de Sistema Universitario Complementario. Tres cuartas partes del personal en el primer nivel ya cuentan con estudios técnicos. Conclusiones: Cabe destacar que el porcentaje del personal de enfermería con licenciatura aumentó de 9.3 a18% en el Régimen Obligatorio, sin embargo, es indispensable que el IMSS continúe con este Programa de Profesionalización, a fin de propiciar la igualdad de oportunidades para mejorar el nivel académico del personal de enfermería.

Introduction: The Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) is the main supplier of health services in Mexico. Due to the increasing demand of chronical-degenerative diseases the institute has been obliged to reorganize and decentralize health attention, this requires of strategical actions in order to strengthen work force. The institute implemented a professional programme with the intention of increasing the professional level up to an academical bachalorate degree from nursery staff. Objective: To determine academical degree from nursery staff. Methodology: It was autoapplied a questionnarie of 28 closed questions to staff working in the units at that very moment. From a total amount of 86,088 nurses within Obligatory Regimen and an amount of 11,603 from IMSS-Oportunidades. Descriptive analysis was done. Results: This survey was answered by 77.8% from Obligatory Regimen and 90.2% from IMSS-Oportunidades, 17% from obligatory system nursery staff and 5% IMSS-Oportunidades nursery staff are allready bachalorated. Half of surveyed staff got their bachalorate from Complementary University System. The third part of firts level staff already have thecnical degree studies. Conclusions: There is a significant percentage result in bachalorates within nursery staff (9.3 to 18%) in obligatory system. Nevertheless it is of great importance that IMSS keeps on providing professional programmes in order to give the same opportunities to improved academical level in nursery staff.

RET oncogene mutations in medullary thyroid carcinoma in Mexican families.

BACKGROUND: Different RET oncogene mutations have been found to be associated with inherited medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) in the context of three different syndromes including multiple endocrine neoplasia types 2A (MEN 2A) and 2B (MEN 2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). These mutations have been recorded in different populations, but to date there is no corresponding study in Mexican families. Our purpose was identification of RET mutations in Mexican families with inherited or sporadic MTC (SMTC) and search for RET protein expression as prognostic marker in MTC tumors. METHODS: Nine unrelated families with MTC corresponding either to two MEN 2A, three MEN 2B, or four SMTC were studied. Screening of exons 10, 11, and 13-16 of RET oncogene in DNA from circulating lymphocytes and tumor samples were analyzed. Immuno- staining for RET was performed in the corresponding tumor. RESULTS: Germline 918 ATG-->ACG RET mutation was present in three unrelated MEN 2B individuals and corresponding somatic mutation in one individual with SMTC; 634 TGC-->TTC RET mutation was detected in two related patients in an MEN 2A family and the 634 TGC-->TAC RET mutation was detected in 12 related individuals from a second MEN 2A family. RET protein expression was detected in all MTC tumors showing different staining intensity. CONCLUSIONS: RET mutations found in Mexican patients with MTC are similar to those previously reported in several MTC families worldwide. This indicates that RET mutations are highly conserved and that MTC etiology does not depend to a great extent on environmental factors or ethnic differences. Detection of RET protein in MTC tissue sections is not useful as prognostic marker.

Tumor mesenquimatoso gigante de la vulva con comportamiento clínico atípico / A giant mesenchymal tumor of the vulva showing atypical clinical crolotion. Clinical report

Los tumores del mesénquima de la vulva son poco frecuentes. Por otra parte, el angiomixoma de comportamiento clínico agresivo es una lesión recientemente caracterizada que se presenta principalmente en los tejidos blandos de la pelvis y tiene tendencia a recurrir localmente. Las variedades benignas suelen ser de dimensiones menores y generalmente se confunden con quistes de la glándula de Bartholin. En este trabajo se describe el caso de un tumor mesenquimatoso mixto gigante y benigno de la vulva con características clínicas atípicas

Teratoma sacrococcígeo. Una urgencia quirúrgica neonatal / Sacrococcygeal teratoma. A neonatal surgical urgency

Los autores informan el caso de un recién nacido quien tuvo un tumor muy vascularizado, variante rara de teratoma sacrococcígeo. Presentó insuficiencia cardiaca congestiva y anemia lo cual ocasionó su fallecimiento. Se revisó la literatura para hacer sugerencias respecto al diagnóstico prenatal y al manejo quirúrgico urgente de esta variante de teratoma sacrococcígeo en la etapa neonatal