RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ovarian metastases (OM) of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PA) (OM-PA) can mimic primary ovarian mucinous carcinoma (POMC) on imaging and histology. These metastases are often symptomatic and not highly chemosensitive, so that oophorectomy may be considered. AIMS: The aims of this study were to compare the characteristics of OM-PA and POMC, and discuss the role of surgery. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical, imaging, and histological data of patients with OM-PA and POMC (2000-2017) in three tertiary centers were reviewed. Twenty-six genes were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) on both primary PA and OM-PA. RESULTS: Twenty-two women with OM-PA (n = 13, 11 with surgical resection) or POMC (n = 9) were selected. OM-PA were smaller than POMC (p = 0.02); imaging, histological, and immunohistochemistry data did not clearly differentiate OM-PA from POMC in 12 of 22 cases (54%). Seven PA/OM-PA pairs were analyzed, and a concordant KRAS mutation was identified in all cases. In four OM-PA, concordant mutations were also found in TP53 (n = 3), SMAD4 (n = 1), MET (n = 1), and PDGFRA (n = 1) genes. The aim of oophorectomy in 11 OM-PA was for antalgic (n = 6) or curative (n = 5) intent. Pain improved in 4/6 of the former patients, but 2/6 had significant morbidity, and 2/6 died of rapid tumor progression. After oophorectomy, median progression-free and overall survivals were 6 (0-11) and 8 months (1-131), respectively. CONCLUSION: Analysis of mutation profiles in both primary PA and ovarian tumors, especially KRAS, can help to determine the pancreatic origin of OM-PA. Surgical resection of OM-AP in highly selected patients may improve pelvic symptoms but may also cause significant morbidity. The benefit to survival requires further studies.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies, are effective against several malignancies. They are associated with gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events (GI-IrAEs), which may be severe and lead to ICI discontinuation. We assessed the risk of evolution of GI-IrAEs to chronic GI inflammation and the risk of recurrence after a second line of ICI. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a single-centre study. Included patients had a GI-IrAE due to ICIs between September 2010 and July 2017. We assessed the persistence of symptoms, endoscopic and/or histological inflammation, and the risk of recurrent GI-IrAEs after the second line of ICIs. RESULTS: Eighty patients were included. The median follow-up was 8.4 months (0.36-72.3). The median duration of GI symptoms was 1.5 months (5 days-10.3 months): 1.4 months (7 days-4.9 months) with anti-CTLA-4, 2.0 months (5 days-10.3 months) with anti-PD-1 and 1.0 month (8 days-3.4 months) with combination therapy (log-rank test: p = 0.02). Three and 6 months after the beginning of GI-IrAEs, 22% (95% confidence interval: 14%-33%) and 5.4% (2.0%-14.7%) of patients had persistent symptoms, respectively. After a median of 6 months, 20/27 patients had endoscopic and/or histological inflammation, of whom, seven were symptom free. After the first episode, 6/26 patients relapsed after receiving another course of ICIs. Among these 26, 89% (77%-100%) had no recurrence after 3 months, 71% or 95% if the second line was anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-1, respectively. CONCLUSION: GI-IrAEs seem to be acute or subacute, not chronic. Reintroduction of ICIs is possible in patients who had GI-IrAE.
