Suplementação de ferro na gestação: evidências, recomendações e aspectos gerais para a prática na atenção primária à saúde / Iron supplementation in the gestation: evidence, recommendations and general aspects for practice in primary health care

O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever aspectos relevantes sobre a suplementação de ferro no período gestacional, fundamentais aos profissionais envolvidos na assistência pré-natal. Trata-se de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, realizada no período de janeiro a junho de 2018. A busca ocorreu em seis bases de dados eletrônicas, abrangendo o período de 2010 a 2017, com os descritores: "anemia", "ferro" e "deficiência de ferro". Constituíram o corpus da presente pesquisa um quantitativo de 11 artigos. Incluíram-se, ainda, dois documentos oficiais do Ministério da Saúde e da Organização Mundial da Saúde. A profilaxia da anemia é indicada na dose oral de 40mg/dia e para o tratamento preconiza-se a ingestão de 100-200mg/dia. A suplementação de ferro feita no âmbito da APS, com o acompanhamento do profissional de saúde logo no início da gestação permite uma maior adesão por parte da mulher e redução de complicações relacionadas a este agravo.

The present study aimed to describe relevant aspects of iron supplementation in the gestational period, which are fundamental to professionals involved in prenatal care. This is a narrative review of the literature, carried out from January to June 2018. The search was carried out in six electronic databases, covering the period from 2010 to 2017, with the descriptors: "anemia", "iron "And "iron deficiency". The corpus of the present study was quantitative of 11 articles. In addition, 2 official documents from the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization were included. Anemia prophylaxis is indicated in an oral dose of 40mg/day and for the treatment, it is recommended the intake of 100-200mg/day. Iron supplementation carried out within the scope of the PHC, with the monitoring of the health professional at the beginning of pregnancy, allows greater adherence by the woman and a reduction in complications related to this condition.

Antiulcerogenic activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Annona muricata Linnaeus in mice.

Annona muricata Linnaeus, popularly known as "graviola" and also called soursop, is a species typical of countries with a tropical climate, and it is used in folk medicine as an anticancer, analgesic and antispasmodic agent. The aim of the present study was to validate the gastroprotective activity of the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of A. muricata (HEAM) and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action for this effect. Gastric lesions were induced in mice by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin. Before, the animals were pretreated with saline, omeprazole or HEAM orally at doses of 50-400 mg/kg. To determine the mechanism of action of the extract, we investigated, using specific inhibitors, the involvement of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandins (PGEs), ATP-dependent K+ channels and α2-noradrenergic receptors. HEAM showed significant antiulcer activity against lesions induced by absolute ethanol, acidified ethanol or indomethacin, which was mediated by endogenous gastric prostaglandins.

Estudo etnofarmacológico comparativo na região do Araripe da Annona muricata L. (Graviola) / Estudio etnofarmacológico comparativo en la región del Araripe de la Annona muricata L. (Graviola) / Ethnopharmacological comparative study in the region of the Araripe of Annona muricata L. (Graviola)

Introdução: a utilização de plantas medicinais na prevenção e na terapêutica de diversas doenças é habitual em todos os períodos históricos da civilização humana. No Brasil, das espécies de plantas identificadas, cerca de dez mil possui alguma propriedade medicinal conhecida. Na Chapada do Araripe destaca-se o uso da Annona muricata L. (Graviola), pertencente à família Annonaceae. Na medicina tradicional, as folhas, os frutos e as raízes da A. muricata são utilizadas sob a forma de chá para o tratamento de diversas doenças. Objetivo: realizar uma investigação dos diversos usos etnofarmacológicos da espécie em três Municípios da Biorregião do Araripe, no contexto de suas comunidades tradicionais. Métodos: aplicou-se um estudo randomizado, desenvolvido na área rural dos municípios de Crato e Santana do Cariri, no estado do Ceará, e Exu, no estado de Pernambuco. A amostra contou com 41 informantes que atribuíram valor de uso medicinal para a espécie. A análise dos dados sucedeu através do Fidelity Level (FL) e da Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). Resultados: os resultados da presente pesquisa relatam o uso da espécie para uma gama de enfermidades, dentre as quais, destacaram-se: doenças pulmonares, processos inflamatórios, patologias infecciosas, dor e câncer. Conclusões: este estudo ressalta a importância do conhecimento empírico das comunidades tradicionais, pois acreditamos na relevância em investigar o potencial farmacológico de diferentes espécies, com a finalidade de melhorar o acesso aos medicamentos para aquelas populações que apresentam dificuldades na disponibilidade de recursos de saúde de alto custo(AU)

Introducción: el uso de plantas medicinales para la prevención y tratamiento de diversas enfermedades es común en todos los períodos históricos de la civilización humana. En Brasil, de acuerdo a las especies de plantas identificadas, cerca de diez mil ha conocida propiedad medicinal. En el Chapada del Araripe destaca el uso de Annona muricata L. (Guanábana), perteneciente a la familia Annonaceae. En la medicina tradicional, hojas, frutos y raíces de A. muricata se utilizan en forma de té para el tratamiento de enfermedades. Objectivo: realizar una investigación de los diversos usos etnofarmacológicas de esta especie en tres municipios de la bioregión del Araripe, en el contexto de sus comunidades tradicionales. Métodos: un estudio aleatorio fue desarrollado en las zonas rurales de los municipios de Crato y Santana do Cariri en el estado de Ceará, y Exú en el estado de Pernambuco. La muestra fue de 41 entrevistados que atribuyeron valor de uso medicinal para la especie. Se realizó el análisis de datos mediante el Fidelity Level (FL) y Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). Resultados: los resultados de esta investigación muestran el uso de las especies para enfermedades pulmonares, procesos inflamatorios, infecciones, dolor y cáncer. Conclusiones: este estudio destacó la importancia del conocimiento empírico de las comunidades tradicionales, ya que se cree en la importancia de investigar el potencial farmacológico de diferentes especies a fin de mejorar el acceso a los medicamentos para las poblaciones que tienen dificultades en la disponibilidad de servicios de salud más costosos(AU)

Introduction: the use of medicinal plants in the prevention and therapy of various diseases is typical of all historical periods of human civilization. In Brazil, among the plant species identified, nearly ten thousand has any known medicinal property. In the Araripe Plateau highlights the use of Annona muricata Linnaeus (Soursop), belonging to the Annonaceae family. In traditional medicine, leaves, fruits and roots of A. muricata are used in the form of tea for the treatment of various diseases. Objective: to conduct an investigation of the ethnopharmacological uses of A. muricata in three municipalities of the bioregion Araripe, in the context of their traditional communities. Methods: a randomized study was developed in rural areas of the municipalities of Crato and Santana Cariri in the state of Ceará, and Exu in the state of Pernambuco. The sample had a number of 41 informants who attributed value of medicinal use for the specie. Data analysis occurred through Fidelity Level (FL) and Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC). Results: the results of this research reported the use of the species for various diseases, including: lung diseases, inflammatory processes infectious diseases, cancer and pain. Conclusions: this study emphasizes the importance of empirical knowledge of traditional communities, because we believe in the relevance of investigating the pharmacological potential of different species, with the purpose of optimize access to medications for those people who have difficulties in the availability of Health Resources expensive(AU)

ETHNOBIOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS USED FOR THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN OF A TRADITIONAL COMMUNITY IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF BARBALHA, CEARÁ, BRAZIL.

BACKGROUND: The use of natural resources for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children is a widespread practice within traditional communities, especially by women by being the primary caregivers. This study aimed to perform ethnobiological survey of plants and animals used for the treatment of acute respiratory infections in children of a traditional community in the municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. METHODS: It is a descriptive exploratory study with a quantitative approach, developed in Sitio Santo Antonio, in the municipality of Barbalha, Ceará, Brazil. As a tool for data collection, was applied a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. Data analysis used descriptive statistics (simple and percentage rate) and the Relative Frequency of Citation. RESULTS: The research included a total of 54 informants. In total, there were 38 species cited. According to the Relative Frequency of Citation the following species were the most cited: Ocimum basilicum L. (0.59), Eucalyptus globulus Labili (0.59), Plectranthus amboinicus (L.) Spreng (0.42), Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. (0.24), Allium aescalonicum L. (0.22) and Mentha arvensis L. (0.18). Among the symptoms mentioned by the research subjects to treat the acute respiratory infections in childhood, there were: fever; cough; coughing with secretions; sore throat; hoarseness; tiredness; nasal congestion. CONCLUSIONS: It is important the knowledge about the usefulness of natural resources as alternative practices in diseases treatment, seeking to rescue popular knowledge used in the traditional community and fomenting the need to consider cultural aspects in the full practice to children's health care.

In vitro antimicrobial and modulatory activity of the natural products silymarin and silibinin.

Silymarin is a standardized extract from the dried seeds of the milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) clinically used as an antihepatotoxic agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of silymarin and its major constituent (silibinin) against different microbial strains and their modulatory effect on drugs utilized in clinical practice. Silymarin demonstrated antimicrobial activity of little significance against the bacterial strains tested, with MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) values of 512 µg/mL. Meanwhile, silibinin showed significant activity against Escherichia coli with a MIC of 64 µg/mL. The results for the antifungal activity of silymarin and silibinin demonstrated a MIC of 1024 µg/mL for all strains. Silymarin and silibinin appear to have promising potential, showing synergistic properties when combined with antibacterial drugs, which should prompt further studies along this line.