RESUMO
Endometriosis is a disease that affects 10 to 15% of the women of reproductive age. It is characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues outside of the uterus. Some definitions claim that the functional ectopic tissue is sensitive to the action of hormones. Severity of endometriosis is defined according to a system proposed by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, which is based on laparoscopic findings. A large number of genetic polymorphisms has been reported for CYP1A1, the gene that is responsible for enzymes involved in stage I detoxification of xenobiotics; this gene is located at 15q22-24, and encodes an isoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons present in phenolic compounds and epoxides. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of the MspI polymorphism and its relation to endometriosis. We obtained peripheral blood samples from 52 women with endometriosis (confirmed by laparoscopy) as well as 42 women without endometriosis (control group). In the case group, the women were between 25 and 35 years of age; the age range was between 25 and 57 years old in the control group. Molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction. We found a significant association (P = 0.039) between the polymorphic allele m1 and endometriosis (32.70%). In conclusion, this study showed that the m1 polymorphism is associated with endometriosis, and that W1/m1 and m1/m1 polymorphisms are more frequently observed in patients with infertility and severe endometriosis.
Assuntos
Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Desoxirribonuclease HpaII/química , Endometriose/genética , Infertilidade Feminina/genética , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Adulto , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endometriose/complicações , Endometriose/diagnóstico , Endometriose/patologia , Feminino , Expressão Gênica , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Humanos , Infertilidade Feminina/complicações , Infertilidade Feminina/diagnóstico , Infertilidade Feminina/patologia , Leucócitos Mononucleares/metabolismo , Leucócitos Mononucleares/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cachexia is a significant problem in patients with cancer. The effect of cancer on interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and neurons of the gastrointestinal tract have not been studied previously. Although supplementation with L-glutamine 2% may have beneficial effects in cancer-related cachexia, and be protective of ICC in models of oxidative stress such as diabetes, its effects on ICC in cancer have also not been studied. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (C), control supplemented with L-glutamine (CG), Walker 256 tumor (WT), and Walker 256 tumor supplemented with L-glutamine (WTG). Rats were implanted with tumor cells or injected with saline in the right flank. After 14 days, the jejunal tissues were collected and processed for immunohistochemical techniques including whole mounts and cryosections and Western blot analysis. KEY RESULTS: Tumor-bearing rats demonstrate reduced numbers of Myenteric ICC and deep muscular plexus ICC and yet increased Ano1 protein expression and enhanced ICC networks. In addition, there is more nNOS protein expressed in tumor-bearing rats compared to controls. L-glutamine treatment had a variety of effects on ICC that may be related to the disease state and the interaction of ICC and nNOS neurons. Regardless, L-glutamine reduced the size of tumors and also tumor-induced cachexia that was not due to altered food intake. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: There are significant effects on ICC in the Walker 256 tumor model. Although supplementation with L-glutamine has differential and complex effects of ICC, it reduces tumor size and tumor-associated cachexia, which supports its beneficial therapeutic role in cancer.
Assuntos
Caquexia/metabolismo , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/metabolismo , Canais de Cloreto/efeitos dos fármacos , Glutamina/farmacologia , Células Intersticiais de Cajal/efeitos dos fármacos , Jejuno/efeitos dos fármacos , Plexo Mientérico/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anoctamina-1 , Western Blotting , Carcinoma 256 de Walker/patologia , Canais de Cloreto/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Células Intersticiais de Cajal/metabolismo , Masculino , Plexo Mientérico/citologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo I/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Carga TumoralRESUMO
This descriptive study about Nursing Residence is an attempt to understand the period between 1978 and 1998. Describes the evolution occurred on Residence about programs organization, theoretical and research activities, preceptory, avaliation and future perspectives. The study has a Qualitative Approach. The data was collected with Documental Analysis. The actuals beliefs and tendencies are indicating that the residence programs must be constructed by Nursing Residents and Preceptors. The Nursing Residence is a valuable strategic of especialization of nurses at service.
