Effects of a Novel Infant Formula on Weight Gain, Body Composition, Safety and Tolerability to Infants: The INNOVA 2020 Study.

Exclusive breastfeeding is recommended for the first six months of life to promote adequate infant growth and development, and to reduce infant morbidity and mortality. However, whenever some mothers are not able to breastfeed their infants, infant formulas mimicking human milk are needed, and the safety and efficacy of each formula should be tested. Here, we report the results of a multicenter, randomized, blinded, controlled clinical trial that aimed to evaluate a novel starting formula on weight gain and body composition of infants up to 6 and 12 months, as well as safety and tolerability. For the intervention period, infants were divided into three groups: group 1 received formula 1 (Nutribén® Innova 1 (Alter Farmacia S.A., Madrid, Spain) or INN (n = 70)), with a lower amount of protein, a lower casein to whey protein ratio by increasing the content of α-lactalbumin, and a double amount of docosahexaenoic acid/arachidonic acid than the standard formula; it also contained a thermally inactivated postbiotic (Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis, BPL1TM HT). Group 2 received the standard formula or formula 2 (Nutriben® Natal (Alter Farmacia S.A., Madrid, Spain) or STD (n = 70)) and the third group was exclusively breastfed for exploratory analysis and used as a reference (BFD group (n = 70)). During the study, visits were made at 21 days and 2, 4, 6, and 12 months of age. Weight gain was higher in both formula groups than in the BFD group at 6 and 12 months, whereas no differences were found between STD and INN groups either at 6 or at 12 months. Likewise, body mass index was higher in infants fed the two formulas compared with the BFD group. Regarding body composition, length, head circumference and tricipital/subscapular skinfolds were alike between groups. The INN formula was considered safe as weight gain and body composition were within the normal limits, according to WHO standards. The BFD group exhibited more liquid consistency in the stools compared to both formula groups. All groups showed similar digestive tolerance and infant behavior. However, a higher frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms was reported by the STD formula group (n = 291), followed by the INN formula (n = 282), and the BFD groups (n = 227). There were fewer respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders among BFD children. Additionally, infants receiving the INN formula experienced significantly fewer general disorders and disturbances than those receiving the STD formula. Indeed, atopic dermatitis, bronchitis, and bronchiolitis were significantly more prevalent among infants who were fed the STD formula compared to those fed the INN formula or breastfed. To evaluate whether there were significant differences between formula treatments, beyond growth parameters, it would seem necessary to examine more precise health biomarkers and to carry out long-term longitudinal studies.

Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus infections in cervical samples from cuban women older than 30 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to provide information about the molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) in a group of Cuban women. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DNA from cervical samples was analyzed using a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which detects 6 of the clinically most relevant high-risk HPV types. Furthermore, end point PCR and sequencing were performed. Three hundred twenty-two women (211 with positive and 111 with negative cytologic results) aged between 30 and 69 years were enrolled. Risk factors associated with HPV infections and premalignant lesions were also investigated. RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 76.1% (245/322) of the studied population, and 34 different genotypes were found. There was an association between HPV infection and low educational level, history of oral contraceptives, menopausal stage, as well as cigarette and/or alcohol consumption. Besides, in a multivariate analysis, previous positive Pap test result and positive colposcopy finding were both predictor variables for HPV infections and for premalignant lesions. Human papillomavirus infection was found in 94.3% of women (199/211) with positive cytologic result and in 41.4% (46/111) of those with negative results, being more likely that the first group was infected with any HPV (odds ratio = 23.43; 95% CI = 11.70-46.92; p = .000). The most common genotypes were HPV types 16, 18, 31, 58, 33, and 45. All the cases with HPV positive findings had at least 1 high-risk HPV genotype. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of the molecular epidemiology of HPV in Cuban women, based on results from a DNA sequence and quantitative PCR. Most individuals were infected with high-risk HPV types. These findings support the inclusion of HPV vaccine in Cuba.

Relación colpohistológica en lesiones de cuello de alto grado / Colpohistological relation in high-grade cervical lesions

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la relación entre los resultados citológicos, colposcópicos e histológicos en pacientes conizadas con asa diatérmica por Lesiones de Alto Grado (LAG) de cuello uterino; clasificar la población con lesiones de alto grado en cuello uterino según edad, paridad, antecedentes familiares e inicio de relaciones sexuales; determinar relación entre citología con lesiones de alto grado y la videocolposcopia; identificar proporción de pacientes con diferentes resultados anatomopatológicos en las citologías de LAG; evaluar la utilidad del uso del asa diatérmica en lo referente a los bordes de sección en los conos realizados, así como el resultado de la prueba citológica poscono.MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 107 pacientes de la consulta de patología de cuello del hospital "Ramón González Coro" en el año 2006, cuyos resultados iniciales de la prueba citológica fue LAG, a dichas pacientes se les realizó conización por asa diatérmica como proceder diagnóstico y terapéutico previa realización de la videocolposcopia.RESULTADOS: Se detectó que el 67 % (72 casos) de las pacientes con resultados citológicos de LAG,presentaron algún hallazgo colposcópico anormal. De las pacientes conizadas el 84,2 % tenían bordes libres de lesión. Detectamos 3 cánceres cérvicouterinos y en el 31,7 % de los casos se demostró la presencia de lesiones de bajo grado (LBG) de cuello uterino. La citología con cepillado de canal a los 6 meses posteriores al proceder quirúrgico, resultó anormal solo en seis de dichas pacientes. Comprobamos relación citohistológica en el 50 % de los casos estudiados.CONCLUSIÓN: La conización con asa diatérmica, según nuestros resultados, es un proceder seguro, eficaz y con mínimas complicaciones, que evita el ingreso hospitalario, así como, los riesgos anestésicos y quirúrgicos de la cirugía convencional

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship among the cytologic, colposcopic and histologic results in patients underwent conization with diathermic loop from high grade lesions (HGL) of cervix; to classify the populations with above mentioned high grade lesions according to age, parity, family backgrounds and the onset of sexual intercourses; to determine the relation between cytology with high grade lesions and the video-colposcopy; to identify the patient's ratio presenting with different anatomical-pathological results in HGL cytologies; to assess the profit of diathermic loop use concerning to section edges in the conization carried out, as well as the result of the post-conization first results. METHODS: A total of 107 patients were studied in the cervix pathology consultation of the "Ram¾n Gonzßlez Coro" Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital in 2006 whose first results of cytology test were HGLs, they underwent conization with diathermic loop as diagnostic and therapeutical procedure before videocolposcopy. RESULTS: The 67 percent (72 cases) of patients with cytologic results of HGLs had some abnormal colposcopic finding. From the conization patients the 84.2 percent had lesion-free edges. There were three cervicouterine cancers and in the 31.7 percent it was demonstrated the presence of cervix low-grade lesions (LGL). The cytology with channel brushing at 6 months after surgical procedure, it was abnormal in six of such patients. Also, there was a cytohistological relationship in the 50 percent of study cases. CONCLUSION: The conization with diathermic loop according to our results is a safe, effective and with minimal complications procedure avoiding the hospital admission, as well as the anesthetic and surgical risks of conventional surgery

Relación colpohistológica en lesiones de cuello de alto grado / Colpohistological relation in high-grade cervical lesions

OBJETIVOS: Analizar la relación entre los resultados citológicos, colposcópicos e histológicos en pacientes conizadas con asa diatérmica por Lesiones de Alto Grado (LAG) de cuello uterino; clasificar la población con lesiones de alto grado en cuello uterino según edad, paridad, antecedentes familiares e inicio de relaciones sexuales; determinar relación entre citología con lesiones de alto grado y la videocolposcopia; identificar proporción de pacientes con diferentes resultados anatomopatológicos en las citologías de LAG; evaluar la utilidad del uso del asa diatérmica en lo referente a los bordes de sección en los conos realizados, así como el resultado de la prueba citológica poscono.MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 107 pacientes de la consulta de patología de cuello del hospital "Ramón González Coro" en el año 2006, cuyos resultados iniciales de la prueba citológica fue LAG, a dichas pacientes se les realizó conización por asa diatérmica como proceder diagnóstico y terapéutico previa realización de la videocolposcopia.RESULTADOS: Se detectó que el 67 % (72 casos) de las pacientes con resultados citológicos de LAG,presentaron algún hallazgo colposcópico anormal. De las pacientes conizadas el 84,2 % tenían bordes libres de lesión. Detectamos 3 cánceres cérvicouterinos y en el 31,7 % de los casos se demostró la presencia de lesiones de bajo grado (LBG) de cuello uterino. La citología con cepillado de canal a los 6 meses posteriores al proceder quirúrgico, resultó anormal solo en seis de dichas pacientes. Comprobamos relación citohistológica en el 50 % de los casos estudiados.CONCLUSIÓN: La conización con asa diatérmica, según nuestros resultados, es un proceder seguro, eficaz y con mínimas complicaciones, que evita el ingreso hospitalario, así como, los riesgos anestésicos y quirúrgicos de la cirugía convencional (AU)

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the relationship among the cytologic, colposcopic and histologic results in patients underwent conization with diathermic loop from high grade lesions (HGL) of cervix; to classify the populations with above mentioned high grade lesions according to age, parity, family backgrounds and the onset of sexual intercourses; to determine the relation between cytology with high grade lesions and the video-colposcopy; to identify the patient's ratio presenting with different anatomical-pathological results in HGL cytologies; to assess the profit of diathermic loop use concerning to section edges in the conization carried out, as well as the result of the post-conization first results. METHODS: A total of 107 patients were studied in the cervix pathology consultation of the "Ram¾n Gonzßlez Coro" Gynecology and Obstetrics Hospital in 2006 whose first results of cytology test were HGLs, they underwent conization with diathermic loop as diagnostic and therapeutical procedure before videocolposcopy. RESULTS: The 67 percent (72 cases) of patients with cytologic results of HGLs had some abnormal colposcopic finding. From the conization patients the 84.2 percent had lesion-free edges. There were three cervicouterine cancers and in the 31.7 percent it was demonstrated the presence of cervix low-grade lesions (LGL). The cytology with channel brushing at 6 months after surgical procedure, it was abnormal in six of such patients. Also, there was a cytohistological relationship in the 50 percent of study cases. CONCLUSION: The conization with diathermic loop according to our results is a safe, effective and with minimal complications procedure avoiding the hospital admission, as well as the anesthetic and surgical risks of conventional surgery (AU)

Análisis de los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con el cáncer cérvico uterino en mujeres menores de 30 años / Analysis of major risk factors related to cervicouterine cancer in women under 30 years

OBJETIVO: estudiar los principales factores de riesgo en la aparición del cáncer cérvico uterino en las mujeres menores de 30 años, tratadas en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR) durante un período de 11 años, así como evaluar los beneficios recibidos por estas con el o los tratamientos utilizados para su etapa clínica. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 342 expedientes clínicos, correspondiente a mujeres jóvenes menores de 30 años diagnosticadas con cáncer cérvico uterino (CCU) y atendidas en el INOR durante un período de 11 años. Se utilizó una hoja de Microsoft Excel para la recolección de la información y se aplicó el paquete estadístico SPSS 11.1RESULTADOS: se encontró que 4/5 pacientes del total de mujeres menores de 30 años se diagnosticaron entre los 25 y los 30 años, mientras 1/5 pacientes fue menor de 25 años. El carcinoma epidermoide de cérvix fue el tumor más frecuente (80 %). Las pacientes recibieron como tratamiento: la cirugía (47,4 %), la radioterapia (42,1 %) y cirugía más radioterapia o viceversa. Los factores de riesgo que mostraron una mayor asociación con el CCU fueron la precocidad sexual y la presencia de HPV en el 27,5 %. El 34,5 % de las mujeres menores de 30 años afortunadamente eran portadoras de carcinoma in situ. Sin embargo, el 47 % de las pacientes incluidas en este análisis se detectaron con tumores localmente avanzadas (IIa, IIb y IIIb).CONCLUSIÓN: el carcinoma epidermoide de cérvix fue el tumor más frecuente en las mujeres menores de 30 años diagnosticada con CCU

OBJECTIVE: To study the main risk factors in the appearance of the cervicouterine cancer in women aged < 30, seen in the National Institute Oncology and Radiobiology (NIOR) during eleven years, as well as to assess the benefits of treatment(s) applied for its clinical stage. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on 342 clinical files corresponding to young women < 30 years diagnosed with cervicouterine cancer (CUC) seen in National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (NIOR) during 11 years. For information collection a Microsoft Excel form applying the SPSS 11.1 statistic package. RESULTS: We founded that 4/5 patients from total of women < 30 years were diagnosed between 25 and 30 years old, whereas 1/5 of patients were < 25 years old. Cervical epidermoid carcinoma was he more frequent tumor (80 percent). Treatment includes: surgery (47,4 percent), radiotherapy (42,1 percent) and surgery plus radiotherapy or vice versa. Risk factors with a great association with CUC were sexual precocity and presence of HPV(?) in the 27,5 percent. The 34,5 percent of women < 30 years old fortunately were carriers of in situ carcinoma. However, the 47 percent of patients included in present analysis had locally advanced tumors (IIa, IIb and IIIb). CONCLUSION: The cervical epidermoid carcinoma was the more frequent tumor present in women < 30 years old diagnosed with CUC

Análisis de los principales factores de riesgo relacionados con el cáncer cérvico uterino en mujeres menores de 30 años / Analysis of major risk factors related to cervicouterine cancer in women under 30 years

OBJETIVO: estudiar los principales factores de riesgo en la aparición del cáncer cérvico uterino en las mujeres menores de 30 años, tratadas en el Instituto de Oncología y Radiobiología (INOR) durante un período de 11 años, así como evaluar los beneficios recibidos por estas con el o los tratamientos utilizados para su etapa clínica. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 342 expedientes clínicos, correspondiente a mujeres jóvenes menores de 30 años diagnosticadas con cáncer cérvico uterino (CCU) y atendidas en el INOR durante un período de 11 años. Se utilizó una hoja de Microsoft Excel para la recolección de la información y se aplicó el paquete estadístico SPSS 11.1RESULTADOS: se encontró que 4/5 pacientes del total de mujeres menores de 30 años se diagnosticaron entre los 25 y los 30 años, mientras 1/5 pacientes fue menor de 25 años. El carcinoma epidermoide de cérvix fue el tumor más frecuente (80 %). Las pacientes recibieron como tratamiento: la cirugía (47,4 %), la radioterapia (42,1 %) y cirugía más radioterapia o viceversa. Los factores de riesgo que mostraron una mayor asociación con el CCU fueron la precocidad sexual y la presencia de HPV en el 27,5 %. El 34,5 % de las mujeres menores de 30 años afortunadamente eran portadoras de carcinoma in situ. Sin embargo, el 47 % de las pacientes incluidas en este análisis se detectaron con tumores localmente avanzadas (IIa, IIb y IIIb).CONCLUSIÓN: el carcinoma epidermoide de cérvix fue el tumor más frecuente en las mujeres menores de 30 años diagnosticada con CCU (AU)

OBJECTIVE: To study the main risk factors in the appearance of the cervicouterine cancer in women aged < 30, seen in the National Institute Oncology and Radiobiology (NIOR) during eleven years, as well as to assess the benefits of treatment(s) applied for its clinical stage. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted on 342 clinical files corresponding to young women < 30 years diagnosed with cervicouterine cancer (CUC) seen in National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (NIOR) during 11 years. For information collection a Microsoft Excel form applying the SPSS 11.1 statistic package. RESULTS: We founded that 4/5 patients from total of women < 30 years were diagnosed between 25 and 30 years old, whereas 1/5 of patients were < 25 years old. Cervical epidermoid carcinoma was he more frequent tumor (80 percent). Treatment includes: surgery (47,4 percent), radiotherapy (42,1 percent) and surgery plus radiotherapy or vice versa. Risk factors with a great association with CUC were sexual precocity and presence of HPV(?) in the 27,5 percent. The 34,5 percent of women < 30 years old fortunately were carriers of in situ carcinoma. However, the 47 percent of patients included in present analysis had locally advanced tumors (IIa, IIb and IIIb). CONCLUSION: The cervical epidermoid carcinoma was the more frequent tumor present in women < 30 years old diagnosed with CUC (AU)

Estudio de las pacientes conizadas por patología de cuello / Study of the patients undergoing cone biopsy due to cervix uteri pathology

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo en el hospital "Ramón González Coro" durante los primeros 8 meses del año 2005, a las pacientes sometidas a conización con asa diatérmica en la consulta de patología de cuello. Con respecto a los 78 casos realizados en el año 2004, se produjo un incremento a 135 mujeres. Se analizó la relación citocolpohistológicas, así como la presencia y significación de algunos de los factores de riesgo para la aparición de neoplasia intraepitelial cervical. Se registró que la paridad no repercutió en los resultados histológicos (p=0,1986) sin embargo se comprobó que el inicio precoz de las relaciones sexuales están asociadas con las lesiones de alto grado de cuello uterino (p=0,038). Se estudiaron los bordes de sección quirúrgico, comprobándose que en más del 85 % de las pacientes se logró resecar completamente la lesión.

A descriptive and retrospective study was conducted at "Ramón Gonzalez Coro" Hospital during the first 8 months of 2005 among the patients undergoing cone biopsy with diathermic loop in the cervix uteri pathology department. As regards the 78 cases performed in 2004, there was an increase of 135 women (57 additional cases). The cytocolpohistological relation, as well as the presence and significance of some of the risk factors for the appearance of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed. It was observed that parity did not influence on the histological results (p=0,1986); however, it was proved that the early beginning of sexual relations is associated with high degree cervix uteri lesions (p=0,038). The edges of the surgical section were studied and it was demonstrated that in more than 85 % of the patients it was possible to resect the lesion completely.