Repeated loss of function at HD mating-type genes and of recombination suppression without mating-type locus linkage in anther-smut fungi.

A wide diversity of mating systems occur in nature, with frequent evolutionary transitions in mating-compatibility mechanisms. Basidiomycete fungi typically have two mating-type loci controlling mating compatibility, HD and PR, usually residing on different chromosomes. In Microbotryum anther-smut fungi, there have been repeated events of linkage between the two mating-type loci through chromosome fusions, leading to large non-recombining regions. By generating high-quality genome assemblies, we found that two sister Microbotryum species parasitizing Dianthus plants, M. superbum and M. shykoffianum, as well as the distantly related M. scorzonarae, have their HD and PR mating-type loci on different chromosomes, but with the PR mating-type chromosome fused with part of the ancestral HD chromosome. Furthermore, progressive extensions of recombination suppression have generated evolutionary strata. In all three species, rearrangements suggest the existence of a transient stage of HD-PR linkage by whole chromosome fusion, and, unexpectedly, the HD genes lost their function. In M. superbum, multiple natural diploid strains were homozygous, and the disrupted HD2 gene was hardly expressed. Mating tests confirmed that a single genetic factor controlled mating compatibility (i.e. PR) and that haploid strains with identical HD alleles could mate and produce infectious hyphae. The HD genes have therefore lost their function in the control of mating compatibility in these Microbotryum species. While the loss of function of PR genes in mating compatibility has been reported in a few basidiomycete fungi, these are the first documented cases for the loss of mating-type determination by HD genes in heterothallic fungi. The control of mating compatibility by a single genetic factor is beneficial under selfing and can thus be achieved repeatedly, through evolutionary convergence in distant lineages, involving different genomic or similar pathways.

Dynamics of transposable element accumulation in the non-recombining regions of mating-type chromosomes in anther-smut fungi.

In the absence of recombination, the number of transposable elements (TEs) increases due to less efficient selection, but the dynamics of such TE accumulations are not well characterized. Leveraging a dataset of 21 independent events of recombination cessation of different ages in mating-type chromosomes of Microbotryum fungi, we show that TEs rapidly accumulated in regions lacking recombination, but that TE content reached a plateau at ca. 50% of occupied base pairs by 1.5 million years following recombination suppression. The same TE superfamilies have expanded in independently evolved non-recombining regions, in particular rolling-circle replication elements (Helitrons). Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons of the Copia and Ty3 superfamilies also expanded, through transposition bursts (distinguished from gene conversion based on LTR divergence), with both non-recombining regions and autosomes affected, suggesting that non-recombining regions constitute TE reservoirs. This study improves our knowledge of genome evolution by showing that TEs can accumulate through bursts, following non-linear decelerating dynamics.

Mental, physical, and phychophysiological responses to FFP2/N95 face mask during HIIT in active women.

Training systems based on high-intensity interval training (HIIT) have experienced great influence in recent years within the context of exercise and sport. This study aims to provide insight on whether the immediate outcomes (e.g., central and peripheral acute responses) may be intensified or attenuated when a HIIT protocol is performed using a FFP2/N95 face mask in active healthy adult women. In other words, it strives to provide new findings relative to the use of face masks as a potential performance enhancing tool. In the current study, the same training session was carried out on two occasions under different conditions (i.e., with FFP2/N95 and without FFP2/N95) in a cross-over experimental design. The following study variables were assessed before and after the HIIT in both sessions: Lactate, cortisol, alpha-amylase, selective attention, countermovement jump (CMJ), and power output. Additionally, central and peripheral Rates of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were assessed before and during the HIIT. This study makes novel contributions to prior research, showing that the use of FFP2/N95 face mask (vs. no mask) yielded higher alpha-amylase, selective attention, and peripheral RPE scores. No significant differences were found for lactate, cortisol, CMJ, and power output. Interestingly, central RPE scores were significantly lower under FFP2/N95 face mask (vs. no mask) condition. The main suggestion in light of these results is that researchers and practitioners should consider potential peripheral and central responses to training stimuli when using FFP2/N95 face masks.

Domestication in dry-cured meat Penicillium fungi: Convergent specific phenotypes and horizontal gene transfers without strong genetic subdivision.

Some fungi have been domesticated for food production, with genetic differentiation between populations from food and wild environments, and food populations often acquiring beneficial traits through horizontal gene transfers (HGTs). Studying their adaptation to human-made substrates is of fundamental and applied importance for understanding adaptation processes and for further strain improvement. We studied here the population structures and phenotypes of two distantly related Penicillium species used for dry-cured meat production, P. nalgiovense, the most common species in the dry-cured meat food industry, and P. salamii, used locally by farms. Both species displayed low genetic diversity, lacking differentiation between strains isolated from dry-cured meat and those from other environments. Nevertheless, the strains collected from dry-cured meat within each species displayed slower proteolysis and lipolysis than their wild conspecifics, and those of P. nalgiovense were whiter. Phenotypically, the non-dry-cured meat strains were more similar to their sister species than to their conspecific dry-cured meat strains, indicating an evolution of specific phenotypes in dry-cured meat strains. A comparison of available Penicillium genomes from various environments revealed HGTs, particularly between P. nalgiovense and P. salamii (representing almost 1.5 Mb of cumulative length). HGTs additionally involved P. biforme, also found in dry-cured meat products. We further detected positive selection based on amino acid changes. Our findings suggest that selection by humans has shaped the P. salamii and P. nalgiovense populations used for dry-cured meat production, which constitutes domestication. Several genetic and phenotypic changes were similar in P. salamii, P. nalgiovense and P. biforme, indicating convergent adaptation to the same human-made environment. Our findings have implications for fundamental knowledge on adaptation and for the food industry: the discovery of different phenotypes and of two mating types paves the way for strain improvement by conventional breeding, to elucidate the genomic bases of beneficial phenotypes and to generate diversity.

Effects of emotional regulation and impulsivity on sports performance: the mediating role of gender and competition level.

Introduction: This study aimed to study the relationships between emotional regulation and impulsivity on sports performance, according to the gender and competition level in national-level volleyball players. Methods: In total, 77 players from the 2018-2019 top two Spanish divisions completed the ERQ (emotion regulation) and the UPPS-P (impulsivity). Statistics (serve, reception, and attack) were retrieved from the Spanish Volleyball Federation. A Mann-Whitney test was conducted to determine differences between gender and competition level in impulsivity and emotion regulation. A Kruskal-Wallis test (Mann-Whitney post-hoc) was carried out for playing positions analysis. Spearman's correlation was performed between the performance and the variables of impulsivity and emotional regulation. Results: The results obtained, with differences according to playing position, gender, and competition level, show that players differ in certain psychological aspects that might influence how they approach their game. Discussion: The results point in a promising direction: the sports practice analyzed can serve as a regulation context, for both the emotional response and the level of impulsivity of the players. The importance of these results for future research on this topic is discussed.

Stepwise recombination suppression around the mating-type locus in an ascomycete fungus with self-fertile spores.

Recombination is often suppressed at sex-determining loci in plants and animals, and at self-incompatibility or mating-type loci in plants and fungi. In fungal ascomycetes, recombination suppression around the mating-type locus is associated with pseudo-homothallism, i.e. the production of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This has been well studied in two species complexes from different families of Sordariales: Podospora anserina and Neurospora tetrasperma. However, it is unclear whether this intriguing association holds in other species. We show here that Schizothecium tetrasporum, a fungus from a third family in the order Sordariales, also produces mostly self-fertile dikaryotic spores carrying the two opposite mating types. This was due to a high frequency of second meiotic division segregation at the mating-type locus, indicating the occurrence of a single and systematic crossing-over event between the mating-type locus and the centromere, as in P. anserina. The mating-type locus has the typical Sordariales organization, plus a MAT1-1-1 pseudogene in the MAT1-2 haplotype. High-quality genome assemblies of opposite mating types and segregation analyses revealed a suppression of recombination in a region of 1.47 Mb around the mating-type locus. We detected three evolutionary strata, indicating a stepwise extension of recombination suppression. The three strata displayed no rearrangement or transposable element accumulation but gene losses and gene disruptions were present, and precisely at the strata margins. Our findings indicate a convergent evolution of self-fertile dikaryotic sexual spores across multiple ascomycete fungi. The particular pattern of meiotic segregation at the mating-type locus was associated with recombination suppression around this locus, that had extended stepwise. This association between pseudo-homothallism and recombination suppression across lineages and the presence of gene disruption at the strata limits are consistent with a recently proposed mechanism of sheltering deleterious alleles to explain stepwise recombination suppression.

Dimensions of passion and their relationship to the risk of exercise addiction: Cultural and gender differences.

This study was performed to investigate further the two-dimensional aspect of passion and its relationship to the risk of exercise addiction (REA) in nine nations and to clarify the unresolved gender differences. The here reported results stem from the reanalysis of data gathered in three previous empirical studies. The analyses demonstrated that harmonious (HP) and obsessive (OP) passion are two independent, non-interacting predictors of the REA, the prevalence of which was 12.1 % in the current sample that included 1448 people (age = 30.49 ± SD = 11.17 years; 55 % men), who exercised at least three hours per week. Furthermore, the results show that HP and OP could co-exist as a single 'total' or 'true' passion within the individual or in high-low HP and OP proportions, supporting the proposal for one, two-dimensional passion. Indeed, most people at REA demonstrated both high HP and high OP. The weekly amount of exercise was weakly associated with the two dimensions of passion. Relatively specific cultural differences in the REA and OP, but not HP, have emerged. The results also demonstrate that when a minimal weekly volume of training (i.e., 3 h) is a criterion for participant recruitment, no gender differences occur in the REA.

Gender differences in professional drivers' fatigue level measured with BAlert mobile app: A psychophysiological, time efficient, accessible, and innovative approach to fatigue management.

Addressing fatigue is useful in a variety of scenarios and activities. Fatigue has recently been studied from a psychophysiological standpoint. As a result, the expression and impact of peripheral and central fatigue has been evaluated. Driving is one occupation where tiredness has disastrous consequences. BAlert is a smartphone app that approaches exhaustion with psychophysiological measures. More specifically, it evaluates the level of fatigue via heart rate variability (HRV) data and the cognitive compromise via Stroop effect. The goal of this study is to determine if there are gender differences in fatigue levels among professional drivers using the BAlert app. Statistically significant differences were found in the number of hours awake, in different parameters of HRV (AVNN, PNN50, RMSSD, and SDNN), in the level of stress, as well as in the cognitive response evaluated through the app. The results are discussed and their implications for the management of work fatigue are presented.

Unraveling coevolutionary dynamics using ecological genomics.

Coevolutionary interactions, from the delicate co-dependency in mutualistic interactions to the antagonistic relationship of hosts and parasites, are a ubiquitous driver of adaptation. Surprisingly, little is known about the genomic processes underlying coevolution in an ecological context. However, species comprise genetically differentiated populations that interact with temporally variable abiotic and biotic environments. We discuss the recent advances in coevolutionary theory and genomics as well as shortcomings, to identify coevolving genes that take into account this spatial and temporal variability of coevolution, and propose a practical guide to understand the dynamic of coevolution using an ecological genomics lens.

Moral Disengagement, Social Norms, and Motivational Profiles Influence Attitudes Toward Doping Among Spanish Athletics Coaches.

Coaches strongly influence athletes' attitudes toward doping and can shape athlete's beliefs, behaviors, and decisions to be for or against doping. Coached-centered studies examining multiple factors affecting coaches' doping attitudes and behavior are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze for the first-time attitudes toward doping in athletics coaches using the Sport Drug Control Model (SDCM) as a theoretical framework. A secondary aim was to determine the factors in the model predicting attitude and susceptibility toward doping. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample consisting of 201 Spanish athletics competitive level coaches from whom 11.4% were female. Participants completed a cross-sectional online survey. Structural equation modeling showed a good fitness of the SDCM. Positive attitudes toward doping predicted high susceptibility to doping (ß = 0.39, p < 0.001). Moral disengagement (ß = 0.58, p < 0.001), descriptive norms (ß = 0.42, p = 0.001), ego-oriented goals (ß = 0.34, p < 0.05), and self-efficacy to refrain from doping (ß = 0.26, p < 0.05) displayed a significant influence on attitudes toward doping. Self-reported doping prevalence in coaches was 4.5%. These variables should be considered when designing anti-doping research projects and educational programs aiming at modifying coaches' attitudes toward doping. It is recommended to focus more efforts on coaches, without putting aside the athletes, and therefore turn coaches into reliable doping prevention factors. To this end, it is necessary to enhance scientific research and then develop, implement, and promote more educational programs targeting coaches, on a mandatory basis while covering the specific needs of coaches so that they can perform their role as anti-doping educators in an effective, committed, and proactive manner.

Onset and stepwise extensions of recombination suppression are common in mating-type chromosomes of Microbotryum anther-smut fungi.

Sex chromosomes and mating-type chromosomes can display large genomic regions without recombination. Recombination suppression often extended stepwise with time away from the sex- or mating-type-determining genes, generating evolutionary strata of differentiation between alternative sex or mating-type chromosomes. In anther-smut fungi of the Microbotryum genus, recombination suppression evolved repeatedly, linking the two mating-type loci and extended multiple times in regions distal to the mating-type genes. Here, we obtained high-quality genome assemblies of alternative mating types for four Microbotryum fungi. We found an additional event of independent chromosomal rearrangements bringing the two mating-type loci on the same chromosome followed by recombination suppression linking them. We also found, in a new clade analysed here, that recombination suppression between the two mating-type loci occurred in several steps, with first an ancestral recombination suppression between one of the mating-type locus and its centromere; later, completion of recombination suppression up to the second mating-type locus occurred independently in three species. The estimated dates of recombination suppression between the mating-type loci ranged from 0.15 to 3.58 million years ago. In total, this makes at least nine independent events of linkage between the mating-type loci across the Microbotryum genus. Several mating-type locus linkage events occurred through the same types of chromosomal rearrangements, where similar chromosome fissions at centromeres represent convergence in the genomic changes leading to the phenotypic convergence. These findings further highlight Microbotryum fungi as excellent models to study the evolution of recombination suppression.

Host diversification is concurrent with linear motif evolution in a Mastadenovirus hub protein.

Over one hundred Mastadenovirus types infect seven orders of mammals. Virus-host coevolution may involve cospeciation, duplication, host switch and partial extinction events. We reconstruct Mastadenovirus diversification, finding that while cospeciation is dominant, the other three events are also common in Mastadenovirus evolution. Linear motifs are fast-evolving protein functional elements and key mediators of virus-host interactions, thus likely to partake in adaptive viral evolution. We study the evolution of eleven linear motifs in the Mastadenovirus E1A protein, a hub of virus-host protein-protein interactions, in the context of host diversification. The reconstruction of linear motif gain and loss events shows fast linear motif turnover, corresponding a virus-host protein-protein interaction turnover orders of magnitude faster than in model host proteomes. Evolution of E1A linear motifs is coupled, indicating functional coordination at the protein scale, yet presents motif-specific patterns suggestive of convergent evolution. We report a pervasive association between Mastadenovirus host diversification events and the evolution of E1A linear motifs. Eight of 17 host switches associate with the gain of one linear motif and the loss of four different linear motifs, while five of nine partial extinctions associate with the loss of one linear motif. The specific changes in E1A linear motifs during a host switch or a partial extinction suggest that changes in the host molecular environment lead to modulation of the interactions with the retinoblastoma protein and host transcriptional regulators. Altogether, changes in the linear motif repertoire of a viral hub protein are associated with adaptive evolution events during Mastadenovirus evolution.

Tempo of Degeneration Across Independently Evolved Nonrecombining Regions.

Recombination is beneficial over the long term, allowing more effective selection. Despite long-term advantages of recombination, local recombination suppression can evolve and lead to genomic degeneration, in particular on sex chromosomes. Here, we investigated the tempo of degeneration in nonrecombining regions, that is, the function curve for the accumulation of deleterious mutations over time, leveraging on 22 independent events of recombination suppression identified on mating-type chromosomes of anther-smut fungi, including newly identified ones. Using previously available and newly generated high-quality genome assemblies of alternative mating types of 13 Microbotryum species, we estimated degeneration levels in terms of accumulation of nonoptimal codons and nonsynonymous substitutions in nonrecombining regions. We found a reduced frequency of optimal codons in the nonrecombining regions compared with autosomes, that was not due to less frequent GC-biased gene conversion or lower ancestral expression levels compared with recombining regions. The frequency of optimal codons rapidly decreased following recombination suppression and reached an asymptote after ca. 3 Ma. The strength of purifying selection remained virtually constant at dN/dS = 0.55, that is, at an intermediate level between purifying selection and neutral evolution. Accordingly, nonsynonymous differences between mating-type chromosomes increased linearly with stratum age, at a rate of 0.015 per My. We thus develop a method for disentangling effects of reduced selection efficacy from GC-biased gene conversion in the evolution of codon usage and we quantify the tempo of degeneration in nonrecombining regions, which is important for our knowledge on genomic evolution and on the maintenance of regions without recombination.

A new Kunitz-type snake toxin family associated with an original mode of interaction with the vasopressin 2 receptor.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Venomous animals express numerous Kunitz-type peptides. The mambaquaretin-1 (MQ1) peptide identified from the Dendroaspis angusticeps venom is the most selective antagonist of the arginine-vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) and the only unique Kunitz-type peptide active on a GPCR. We aimed to exploit other mamba venoms to enlarge the V2R-Kunitz peptide family and gain insight into the MQ1 molecular mode of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: We used a bio-guided screening assay to identify novel MQs and placed them phylogenetically. MQs were produced by solid-phase peptide synthesis and characterized in vitro by binding and functional tests and in vivo by diuresis measurement in rats. KEY RESULTS: Eight additional MQs were identified with nanomolar affinities for the V2R, all antagonists. MQs form a new subgroup in the Kunitz family, close to the V2R non-active dendrotoxins and to two V2R-active cobra toxins. Sequence comparison between active and non-active V2R Kunitz peptides highlighted five positions, among which four are involved in V2R interaction and belong to the two large MQ1 loops. We finally determined that eight positions, part of these two loops, interact with the V2R. The variant MQ1-K39A showed a higher affinity for the hV2R, but not for the rat V2R. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: A new function and mode of action is associated with the Kunitz peptides. The number of MQ1 residues involved in V2R binding is large and may explain its absolute selectivity. MQ1-K39A represents the first step in the improvement of the MQ1 design from a medicinal perspective.

Exercise Addiction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: an International Study Confirming the Need for Considering Passion and Perfectionism.

Various levels of lockdown due to COVID-19 limit people's habitual physical activity. Individuals addicted to exercise, health-oriented, and team-exercisers could be the most affected. We examined the COVID-19-related changes in exercise volume in 1079 exercisers from eight Spanish-speaking nations based on exercise addiction categories, primary reasons for exercise, and forms of exercise. The COVID-19-related decrease in exercise volume was 49.24% in the sample. The proportion of the risk of exercise addiction was 15.2%. Most (81.7%) of the participants exercised for a health-related reason. These exercisers reported lesser decrease in their exercise volume than those exercising for social reasons. The risk of exercise addiction was inversely related to changes in exercise volume, but after controlling for passion and perfectionism the relationship vanished. The reported effect of COVID-19 on training did not differ between the exercise addiction groups. The findings also confirm that exercise addiction research should control for passion and perfectionism.

Impact of 'last experience' on affect after exercise reaching the anaerobic threshold: A laboratory investigation / Impacto de la 'última experiencia' sobre el afecto después del ejercicio que alcanza el umbral anaeróbico: Una investigación de laboratorio / Impacto da 'última experiência' no afeto após o exercício atingindo o limiar anaeróbio: Uma investigação laboratorial

The affective benefits of a single bout of exercise are widely reported, but several factors influence the affect measured after exercise. One is the last experiencelinked to the exercise session. In this laboratory study, we manipulated progressive treadmill exercise to ventilatory threshold by using cognitive tasks during and immediately after the exercise whenwe gauged affect and compared it to pre-exercise baseline. We assumed that the affective responses after exercise would mirror feeling states associated with the very last experience(i.e., the cognitive task) rather than exercise. We examined a total of 53 athletes assigned to exercise or no-exercise control group. In addition to heart rates, positive and negative affect, feeling state, and perceived arousal were measured before and after the intervention. The results revealed substantial improvements in affect in both groups, based on large effect sizes. The lack of difference in the dependent measures between the exercise and no-exercise control group may suggest that both groups responded to the same last experience (i.e., cognitive task), and the effects of exercise and sitting (control) were wiped out. These findings imply that pre-to post-intervention exercise investigations testing the psychological benefits of a single bout of exercise may not measure what they intend to measure, but merely the affective responses to the last experience or event before answering the questionnaire(s). In brief, many hundreds of studies' internal reliability, employing the pre/post protocols, may be questionable. (AU)

Los beneficios a nivel emocional de un solo período de entrenamiento han sido ampliamente estudiados, pero su efecto medido después del entrenamiento está influenciado por varios factores. Uno de ellos es la última experiencia vinculada a la sesión de entrenamiento. En este estudio de laboratorio se manipula, mediante el empleo de tareas cognitivas, el ejercicio progresivo en cinta de correr hasta alcanzar el umbral ventilatorio. Tanto durante como inmediatamente después del ejercicio se evalúa la respuesta afectiva y se compara con la línea basal previa al ejercicio. Se espera que las respuestas emocionales después del ejercicio reflejarán los estados afectivos asociados con la última experiencia (es decir, la tarea cognitiva), en lugar de con el ejercicio. Además de la frecuencia cardíaca, se evaluaron un total 53 atletas asignados al grupo experimental de ejercicio o al control sin ejercicio. Se midieron el estado afectivo positivo y negativo, el estado de sentimiento, y la excitación percibida, tanto antes como después de la intervención. Los resultados revelaron mejoras sustanciales en el estado afectivo en ambos grupos, mostrando grandes tamaños del efecto. La falta de diferencia en las variables dependientes entre el grupo experimental y el control sugiere que ambos grupos respondieron de manera similar a la última experiencia, es decir a la tarea cognitiva, eliminando los efectos del ejercicio realizado. Las implicaciones de estos hallazgos son muy relevantes puesto que prueban que los resultados de los estudios realizados hasta el momento sobre los beneficios psicológicos de un solo período de ejercicio pueden no medir lo que pretenden, sino simplemente las respuestas afectivas y emocionales a la última experiencia o evento antes de responder el cuestionario que se suele aplicar. (AU)

Os benefícios emocionais de um único período de treinamento têm sido amplamente estudados, mas seu efeito medido após o treinamentoé influenciado por vários fatores. Uma delas é a última experiência vinculada ao treinamento. Neste estudo laboratorial, o exercício progressivo em esteira é manipulado por meio de tarefas cognitivas até que o limiar ventilatório seja atingido. Durante e imediatamente após o exercício, a resposta afetiva é avaliada e comparada com a linha de base antes do exercício. Espera-se que as respostas emocionais após o exercício reflitam os estados afetivos associados à última experiência (ou seja, a tarefa cognitiva), ao invés do exercício. Além da frequência cardíaca, um total de 53 atletas designados para o grupo de exercício experimental ou o grupo de controle sem exercício foram avaliados. Estado afetivo positivo e negativo, estado de sentimento e excitação percebida foram medidos antes e depois da intervenção. Os resultados revelaram melhorias substanciais no status afetivo em ambos os grupos, mostrando grandes tamanhos de efeito. A ausência de diferença nas variáveis dependentes entre os grupos experimental e controle sugere que ambos os grupos responderam de forma semelhante à última experiência, ou seja, à tarefa cognitiva, eliminando os efeitos do exercício realizado. As implicações desses achados são muito relevantes, pois comprovam que os resultados dos estudos realizados até o momento sobre os benefícios psicológicos de um único período de exercício podem não medir o que pretendem, mas simplesmente as respostas afetivas e emocionais à última experiência ou antes de responder ao questionário normalmente aplicado. Em resumo, a confiabilidade interna de centenas de estudos que empregam protocolos pré-pós na análise da resposta afetiva em condições de treinamento pode ser questionável. (AU)

Effectiveness of Mobile Technology in Managing Fatigue: Balert App.

The performance of professional tasks with a high cognitive, emotional, and even physiological demand, can cause a state of mental fatigue, which implies attentional alterations, greater errors in the tasks performed and a decrease in personal and work productivity caused by a deterioration of the cognitive control processes. The present study presents a mobile phone application named BAlert that allows monitoring and controlling the body's fatigue processes based on the scores obtained in the Stroop effect and the heart rate variability. A pilot study has been carried out with a sample of 63 adults who have used the application a total of 942 times. The results allow us to classify the subjects, by logistic regression analysis, in their fatigue levels in 74% of the occasions. These results highlight the importance of this mobile application to control work fatigue processes in different possible scenarios (military, health, sports, business, etc.).

Draft Genome Sequences of Nitrogen-Fixing Bradyrhizobia Isolated from Root Nodules of Peanut, Arachis hypogaea, Cultivated in Southern Tunisia.

Here, we report the draft genome sequences of two nitrogen-fixing symbionts, Bradyrhizobium sp. strain sGM-13 and Bradyrhizobium sp. strain sBnM-33, isolated from root nodules of peanut grown on soil samples collected from two regions in South Tunisia. The draft genome sizes of these two strains are 8.31 × 106 bp and 8.97 × 106 bp, respectively.